Couple and Family Therapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica ChenFeng ◽  
Diane Gehart
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Family Therapy ◽  
Couples Therapy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Couple And Family Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Cord Injury

Evidence-based couple and family therapies have a robust and well-established evidence base as a cost-effective treatment for numerous conditions and are the treatment of choice for several childhood and adult mental health issues. This review provides a brief overview of systemic couple and family therapy principles and then reviews the evidence base for using these methods with specific disorders. Family therapy treatments have been identified as a primary intervention for several childhood and adolescent disorders, including conduct, alcohol and substance use, attention-deficit, autism, psychotic, mood, anxiety, and eating disorders, as well as certain physical disorders, including diabetes, enuresis, and asthma. For adults, the current evidence base supports couples therapy for major depressive disorder with couple distress, alcohol and substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, distressed couples, and interpersonal violence with certain batterers. In addition, couple and family therapy is indicated for certain adult chronic health conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dementia, and diabetes. The review concludes with a discussion of effective referral for and training in evidence-based family therapy approaches. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 53 references. Key words: ADD/ADHD, adolescent, childhood trauma, conduct disorder, couples therapy, depression, eating disorders, family therapy,  marital therapy, mood disorder

scholarly journals (A118) Evidence-Based Disaster Medicine: What Can We Learn from a “Science” Spread across 900 Journals?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s33-s33 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Smith ◽  
F.M. Burkle ◽  
P. Aitken ◽  
F. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

IntroductionDisasters and large-scale crises continue to increase in frequency. To mitigate the potential catastrophes that confront humanity in the new millennium, an evidence-based approach to disaster medicine is required urgently. This paper moves towards such an approach by identifying the current evidence-base for disaster medicine.MethodsUsing a search strategy developed by the Cochrane Prehospital and Emergency Health Field, three independent reviewers searched the electronically indexed database MEDLINE (January 2000 – August 2010) to identify peer-reviewed literature relevant to disaster medicine. Reviewers screened the titles and abstracts identified by the search strategy and applied predetermined criteria to classify the reported publications for date, source and study type and topic.ResultsA total of 8149 publications were identified. Of these, 8% focused on mitigation, 22% on preparedness, 19% on response and 51% on recovery. The publications were overwhelmingly anecdotal or descriptive (89%) while 5% were quantitative studies and 6% used qualitative methodologies. Only 66 of these publications were classified as being high level evidence. The publications were published in 928 journals, of which 34% were mental health related journals and 28% were public health journals. The journal “Prehospital and Disaster Medicine” had the greatest number of publications (5%) of all journals publishing on issues within the scope of disaster medicine. The events with the greatest numbers of publications were the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Hurricane Katrina, the Indian Ocean Tsunami, and the conflict in Iraq. Of note, this search highlights the lack of publications reporting on the application of evaluation tools or frameworks.ConclusionGiven that the “science” of disaster medicine is spread across over 900 different journals, keeping on top of the evolving evidence-base of this emerging discipline will continue to be a challenge. Furthermore, the overall low quality of the evidence is an ongoing concern.

scholarly journals The evolution of an evidence based intervention designed to improve prescribing and reduce polypharmacy in older people with multimorbidity and significant polypharmacy in primary care (SPPiRE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X2094624
Author(s):  
Caroline McCarthy ◽  
Frank Moriarty ◽  
Emma Wallace ◽  
Susan M Smith ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Medication Review ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Patient Reported

Introduction: By the time an intervention is ready for evaluation in a definitive RCT the context of the evidence base may have evolved. To avoid research waste, it is imperative that intervention design and evaluation is an adaptive process incorporating emerging evidence and novel concepts. The aim of this study is to describe changes that were made to an evidence based intervention at the protocol stage of the definitive RCT to incorporate emerging evidence. Methods: The original evidence based intervention, a GP delivered web guided medication review, was modified in a five step process: Identification of core components of the original intervention. Literature review. Modification of the intervention. Pilot study. Final refinements. A framework, developed in public health research, was utilised to describe the modification process. Results: The population under investigation changed from older people with a potentially inappropriate prescription (PIP) to older people with significant polypharmacy, a proxy marker for complex multimorbidity. An assessment of treatment priorities and brown bag medication review, with a focus on deprescribing were incorporated into the original intervention. The number of repeat medicines was added as a primary outcome measure as were additional secondary patient reported outcome measures to assess treatment burden and attitudes towards deprescribing. Conclusions: A framework was used to systematically describe how and why the original intervention was modified, allowing the new intervention to build upon an effective and robustly developed intervention but also to be relevant in the context of the current evidence base.

scholarly journals Eating Disorders and Female Sexuality: Current Evidence-base and Future Implications

Psico-USF ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Carolina Leonidas ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Abstract This study aimed to examine current scientific production regarding sexuality-related issues in the context of eating disorders (ED). Searches were performed on PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL and PsycINFO, including papers published between 2008 and 2018, using the following descriptors: eating disorders, femininity, sexuality and sexual behavior. Nineteen studies were selected. Findings were systematized into two main thematic categories and showed, in general, that femininity can be a risk factor to the development of ED. Studies indicated that endorsing a gender role that is socially considered discrepant from biological sex, despite feminine or masculine, is related to ED symptomatology. Moreover, body dissatisfaction is positively correlated to sexual dysfunction. Interventions targeting prevention of ED should include sexuality-related issues by approaching probable negative consequences of adhering to female gender role social requirements and stereotypes, especially those related to body weight and body shape.

Intellectual disability and substance use/misuse: a narrative review

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Day ◽  
Alexandra Lampraki ◽  
Dean Ridings ◽  
Karen Currell
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the literature on substance use/misuse within an intellectual disability (ID) population. The paper is focused on the prevalence, motivation and implications of substance use as well as the interventions for misuse. Design/methodology/approach – Research focused on substance use and ID (IQ of 70 or less with onset in the developmental period) were considered. Findings – The findings indicate a disparity between research findings regarding the prevalence of substance use/misuse within ID populations. Previous research indicates that individuals with ID may use/misuse substances as a form of relief or respite from negative experiences. Although there is a clear need for intervention, many of the ID population do not engage with generic interventions for substance misuse. Additionally, professionals responsible for the provision of interventions identify a lack of training and support to meet the needs of ID populations. Research limitations/implications – Minimal research in this areas, barriers to language and demographics being underreported. Practical implications – Highlights problems with the current evidence base and barriers this poses indicates a need for further research and intervention. Social implications – Implications for the equality for individuals with an ID and their access to appropriate intervention. Focus on prevention of offending behaviour and intervention as appose to management. Originality/value – In order to build a greater understanding of this issue, a shared universal language and definition of ID must be implemented. Further research to improve the understanding of why those with ID misuse substances is imperative before designing and implementing useful interventions.

The Oxford Handbook of Autism and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Conditions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Adults With Asd

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often diagnosed, and treated for, co-occurring mental health disorders. Co-occurring problems are, in fact, a primary reason for referral and treatment-seeking. Research on comorbidity and its management in youth and adults with ASD has expanded at a rapid rate over the last decade. This is the first comprehensive volume on the topic of co-occurring psychiatric conditions and symptoms in ASD. In this Handbook, internationally recognized clinical scientists synthesize the research on assessment and evidence-based treatment for a broad range of conditions as they present in ASD, from childhood through adulthood. In addition to coverage of formal diagnoses that frequently present in ASD (e.g., mood and anxiety disorders), common behavioural concerns (e.g., psychosexual and sleep problems) are also addressed. Each chapter summarizes the condition or disorder as it presents in ASD, and presents the extant research on its prevalence, developmental course, etiology, and assessment and diagnosis in the context of ASD. Each chapter also includes a summary of evidence-based treatment approaches or current best practices for intervention, as well as a case example to demonstrate application. Chapters are also included to synthesize broader issues related to co-occurring psychiatric conditions in ASD, including a historical overview and conceptual framework for co-occurring conditions in ASD, crisis management, and psychopharmacology. In sum, this handbook is comprehensive compilation of the current evidence-base and recommendations for future research to inform clinical practice related to co-occurring psychiatric conditions and symptoms in ASD.

scholarly journals Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Treatment of Adults With Metastatic Brain Tumors: Executive Summary

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J Olson ◽  
Steven N Kalkanis ◽  
Timothy C Ryken
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Abstract BACKGROUND The Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice parameter guidelines for the treatment of adults with metastatic brain tumors was first published in 2010. Because of the time elapsed since that publication, an update of this set of guidelines based on literature published since is now indicated. OBJECTIVE To establish the best evidence-based management of metastatic brain tumors over all commonly used diagnostic and treatment modalities in regularly encountered clinical situations. METHODS Literature searches regarding management of metastatic brain tumors with whole brain radiation therapy, surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, prophylactic anticonvulsants, steroids, instances of multiple brain metastases, and emerging and investigational therapies were carried out to answer questions designed by consensus of a multidisciplinary writing group. RESULTS Recommendations were created and their strength linked to the quality of the literature data available thus creating an evidence-based guideline. Importantly, shortcomings and biases to the literature data are brought out so as to provide guidance for future investigation and improvements in the management of patients with metastatic brain tumors. CONCLUSION This series of guidelines was constructed to assess the most current and clinically relevant evidence for management of metastatic brain tumors. They set a benchmark regarding the current evidence base for this management while also highlighting important key areas for future basic and clinical research, particularly on those topics for which no recommendations could be formulated. The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines-treatment-adults-metastatic-brain-tumors/chapter_1.

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