Evaluation of Infertility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R Zolton ◽  
Alan H. DeCherney
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Health Organization

In 2009, the World Health Organization formally recognized infertility as a disease of the reproductive system. This designation serves to ease access to infertility evaluation and treatment. Infertility is a disease of both men and women, and proper evaluation of both partners is necessary. Common causes of infertility are ovulatory dysfunction, tubal and pelvic pathology, unexplained infertility, and male factor. A complete history and physical examination may uncover the underlying etiology, although verification of tubal patency and normal semen analysis is warranted. This period also offers an opportunity to perform preconception testing and optimize women’s health before conception. Treatment for infertility is aimed to restore normal reproductive function and anatomy. In addition, patient education and counseling is indeed a very important aspect of infertility care. This review contains 5 figures, 5 tables and 60 references Key Words: anovulation, Antimullerian hormone, antral follicle count, hysterosalpingogram, infertility, infertility evaluation, ovarian reserve testing, polycystic ovarian syndrome, saline infusion sonohysterography

scholarly journals Semen analysis: update on clinical value, current needs and future perspectives

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. R249-R258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Sánchez ◽  
Joachim Wistuba ◽  
Con Mallidis
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
New Era ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Health Organization

At present, evaluation of male reproductive function consists primarily of routine semen analysis, a collection of conventional microscopic assessments ideally performed following the guidelines set by the World Health Organization. While providing some insight into testicular function, these long-performed tests are limited in the information that they impart; more specifically, they are unable to predict true fertility potential. As a consequence, there is a need for the appraisal and consideration of newer semen parameters that may be more indicative of reproductive success. Although various novel assays have been introduced that broaden the scope of information available to both researcher and clinician, the utility of these tests remains limited due to the lack of standardisation of protocols and the absence of clinically established, dependable reference ranges. As such, it is not surprising that most of these parameters and their associated methods remain recommended for ‘research purposes only’. With the burgeoning ‘omics’ revolution, nanotechnology and the development of new analytical instruments, there is now an opportunity for the identification and measurement of previously unknown features that may prove to be more indicative of each sperm's true functional status and capability. Once optimised, simplified, clinically validated and made more readily accessible, these new approaches hold the promise of forming the fulcrum upon which andrological investigations can enter a new era.

scholarly journals Evaluation and comparative analysis of sperm characteristics in men before and after vaccination with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
T. M. Sorokina ◽  
E. E. Bragina ◽  
E. A. Sorokina ◽  
L. F. Kurilo ◽  
M. I. Shtaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sperm Characteristics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Organization

The study objective is to evaluate reproductive function in men who underwent vaccination with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) based on quantitative and qualitative sperm characteristics.Materials and methods. Mean ejaculate characteristics were analyzed in 3 independent groups formed from patients examined at the Laboratory of Genetics of Impaired Reproduction of the Research Center for Medical Genetics in 2021: the comparison group consisted of 759 unvaccinated men; the group of 73 men who were vaccinated with Sputnik V and for whom the time between the full vaccination (2 components of the vaccine) and semen analysis was less than 75 days; and the group of 58 men who underwent vaccination more than 75 days prior to semen analysis.The results of semen analysis of 53 patients before and after full vaccination procedure were compared. In 32 patients, less than 75 days passed since vaccination; in 21 patients, more than 75 days; for 5 patients data prior to 75 days since vaccination and after are available.The study group included patients without history of COVID-19. Standard semen analysis was performed in accordance with the World Health Organization Guidelines. For statistical analysis of the differences between the groups Student's t-test was used with significance level of p <0.05.Results. Comparison of semen analysis of the same patients before and after vaccination procedure showed no statistically significant differences. Small decrease in progressive motility was observed (from 19.0 ± 0.4 to 13.8 ± 1.1 %), as well as decline in sperm morphology (from 4.53 ± 0.12 to 3.55 ± 0.31 %) in the group who underwent vaccination less than 75 days prior to the analysis. In the group who underwent vaccination more than 75 days before semen analysis, sperm characteristics do not differ from the unvaccinated group.Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences in the ejaculate indices of the same patients before and after vaccination with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac). In the group of patients examined in a short time after vaccination, there is a decrease in the quality of sperm compared to the comparison group (unvaccinated). In the group of patients examined in a more distant period, there are no significant differences in the quality of sperm from the group of unvaccinated, which indicates the absence of long-term consequences of vaccination for the quality of ejaculate.

scholarly journals Promising Novel Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3654
Author(s):  
Brigitte Sipos ◽  
Peter Jirak ◽  
Vera Paar ◽  
Richard Rezar ◽  
Moritz Mirna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Health Organization

Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common causes of death globally, according to the World Health Organization. In recent years, a great number of biomarkers have been investigated, whereas only some have gained value in the diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of different cardiovascular illnesses. As numerous studies have investigated the diagnostic yield of novel biomarkers in various disease entities every year, this review aims to provide an overview of the current status of four promising representatives. In particular, this manuscript refers to soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). These markers are of special interest as they are thought to provide an accurate estimate of cardiovascular risk in certain patient populations, especially those with pre-existing diseases, such as obesity or diabetes mellitus. We sought to give an overview of their function, individual diagnostic and predictive value and determination in the laboratory. A review of the literature regarding the aforementioned cardiovascular biomarkers yielded manifold results with respect to their individual diagnostic and prognostic value. Yet, the clinical relevance of these findings remains unclear, warranting further studies to identify their optimal use in clinical routine.

scholarly journals Comparison between WHO (World Health Organization) 2010 and WHO 1999 parameters for semen analysis – interpretation of 529 consecutive samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Catanzariti ◽  
Ubaldo Cantoro ◽  
Vito Lacetera ◽  
Giovanni Muzzonigro ◽  
Massimo Polito
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
World Health ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To quantify how many men with normal semen according to WHO (WHO - World Health Organization) 1999 criteria, should be considered with abnormal semen according to 2010 criteria and vice versa; to study which parameter of volume, concentration, motility and morphology is the most responsible of this change. Materials and methods: We studied, using WHO 1999 parameters, 529 consecutive semen samples from 427 men, collected in our Department from January 2008 to December 2009, then we re-evaluated those results using WHO 2010 parameters; we also studied each parameter to understand how changed the classification from normal (defined normal by all parameters) to abnormal (defined abnormal by at least one parameter) using the two WHO criteria. Results: 3 men (0.56%) were azoospermic. Among the remaining 526 samples, 199 (37.83%) were considered normal and 246 (46.76%) abnormal both according to WHO 1999 and WHO 2010 criteria; we found that none of the samples classified normal according to the previous criteria was classified abnormal according the more recent criteria, while 82 (15.58%) evaluated as abnormal according 1999 criteria changed to normal according 2010 criteria. The concordance between 1999 and 2010 evaluation was 84.44%. Conclusions: In this study we noted that the changes from WHO 1999 to WHO 2010 criteria did not modify the interpretation of semen quality, because comparing the two classifications we demonstrated that there is a substantial agreement, considering the three parameters (count, motility and morphology) all together, and also considering each single parameter. Anyhow, almost 16% of the patients considered infertile according to the old criteria, should be evaluated normal by the new classification and they should not need any treatment for infertility.

scholarly journals Predicting the chances of live birth for couples undergoing IVF-ICSI: a novel instrument to advise patients and physicians before treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1585
Author(s):  
Bruna Estácio da Veiga ◽  
Duarte Pedro Tavares ◽  
José Luis Metello ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Pedro Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Variable Probability

Background: In developed countries, the prevalence of infertility ranges from 3.5% to 16.7%. Therefore, the number of in vitro fertilization technique (IVF) and its subtype intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments has been significantly increasing across Europe. Several factors affect the success rate of in vitro treatments, which can be used to calculate the probability of success for each couple. As these treatments are complicated and expensive with a variable probability of success, the most common question asked by IVF patients is ‘‘What are my chances of conceiving?”. The main aim of this study is to develop a validated model that estimates the chance of a live birth before they start their IVF non-donor cycle. Methods: A logistic regression model was developed based on the retrospective study of 737 IVF cycles. Each couple was characterized by 14 variables (woman’s and man’s age, duration of infertility, cause of infertility, woman’s and man’s body mass index (BMI), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), woman’s and man’s ethnicity, woman’s and man’s smoking status and woman’s and man’s previous live children) and described with the outcome of the treatment "Live birth" or "No live birth". Results: The model results showed that from the 14 variables acquired before starting the IVF procedures, only male factor, man’s BMI, man's mixed ethnicity and level of AMH were statistically significant. The interactions between infertility duration and woman’s age, infertility duration and man’s BMI, AFC and AMH, AFC and woman’s age, AFC and woman’s BMI and AFC and disovulation were also statistically significant. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve test for the discriminatory ability of the final prediction model is 0.700 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.660–0.741). Conclusions: This model might result in a new validated decision support system to help physicians to manage couples’ expectations.

scholarly journals Leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in the region of Eastern Herzegovina

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lala Ceklic ◽  
Slobodanka Latinovic ◽  
Petar Aleksic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Blind Persons

Introduction. Visual impairment and blindness are serious social and health problems in the world. 1992 classification of visual disorders by World Health Organization has recently been implemented. The goal of this study was to determine common causes of visual impairment and blindness in the region of Eastern Herzegovina. Material and methods. In this population based study we have analyzed medical records stored in the regional Association of Visually Impaired and Blind Persons of the Republic of Srpska (Trebinje, Bileca, Foca, Eastern Sarajevo). The analysis included sex and age distribution of registered population, classification and leading causes of visual disability and blindness. Results. There are 298 registered persons with visual disability and blindness in the region of Eastern Herzegovina and Eastern Sarajevo. The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in the aforementioned region is 0.1%. Among the studied population, there are more males than females with visual disability or blindness (56% versus 44%). Most (78%) of registered persons are blind, and only 22% are visually impaired. 43% of registered population are in the IV category and only 8.38% are registered in the II category. Only 2% of registered population are children. Common causes of visual disability and blindness in the region of Eastern Herzegovina are: glaucoma (22%), cataract (17%), myopia alta (13%), diabetic retinopathy (12%) and ocular trauma (11%). Common causes of children's visual impairment include: optic nerve anomalies, congenital cataract and premature retinopathy. Discussion and conclusion Compared with literature data, common causes of blindness and visual impairment in the region of Eastern Herzegovina do not differ significantly from those in other regions. Registration is based on the WHO model, but it is possible only by performing active epidemiological studies. .

scholarly journals Explained infertility among the couple attending the infertility unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Arifa Sultana ◽  
Shaorin Tanira ◽  
Sanchita Adhikary ◽  
Kashfia Ahmed Keya ◽  
Sayeba Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Disease ◽  
Ovarian Disease ◽  
Tubal Occlusion ◽  
Fibroid Uterus ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Medical University

Context: The causes of infertility vary from country to country among different cultural, environmental and socio economic groups. The aim of the study was to explain the causes of infertility among the couple attending infertility unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh and to compare with previous studies of both local and abroad. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out between September 2007 and March 2008 at infertility unit of BSMMU Hospital, Dhaka, among 110 couples, who had tried unsuccessfully for more than one year to reproduce. The data included history, physical examination and relevant investigations for female partners and male partners. Results: The age group of 25-30 years was the most vulnerable as they represented 52% of primary and 51.42% of secondary infertility. Among the 110 subfertile couples, 43.63% had female factor problems; 20% were suffering from male factor problems. In 21.81% of cases both male and female were responsible. In 14.54% cases, there were no causes, and, therefore, remain unexplained infertility. Among women, primary subfertility was 68.18%, secondary subfertility was 31.81% and among men, it was 79% and 21% respectively. Most of the infertile couples (43.64%) were trying for 2-5 years. In this study, most common cause was ovarian dysfunction (33.63%). Among them, anovulation with regular menstruation was found in 60%, polycystic ovarian disease in 32%, hyperprolactinaemia in 16% cases. Bilateral tubal occlusion was found in 8% and pelvic adhesions in 24% by doing laparoscopy. In addition, 10% of patients had endometriosis. Fibroid uterus was found in 26% cases. Among the primary subfertility cases, common causes were anovulation with regular menstruation (14.66%) and polycystic ovarian disease (12%). 40% of secondary subfertility was related with menstrual regulation (MR). Among male factors, azoospermia was found in 6.36% cases, oligozoospermia in 10.9% cases, asthenozoospermia 18.18%, teratozoospermia was in 6.36% cases. Conclusion: Primary subfertility cases were more common than secondary subfertility cases. Ovarian dysfunction was the common causes of subfertility. Other factors were abnormal semen analysis, endometriosis, tubal occlusion, pelvic adhesions and fibroid uterus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v23i1.22705 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.1, April, 2014, Page 114-120

Effect of Panax notoginseng Extracts on Inferior Sperm Motility in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Chou Chen ◽  
Ming-Xiong Xu ◽  
Leih-Der Chen ◽  
Yan-Nian Chen ◽  
Tsan Hung Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
World Health ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng extracts on inferior sperm motility in vitro. Semen samples were collected from 23 patients with sperm motility between 20% and 40%. The sperm count was over 20 × 106/ml in accordance with the World Health Organization standard. 1.0 mg/ml and 2.0 mg/ml of Panax notoginseng extracts including aqueous extract, n-butanol extract, and polysaccharide fraction on sperm motility and progression were evaluated by computer assisted semen analysis. The results demonstrated that sperm motility as well as progression on inferior sperm motility were enhanced at 1 hour and 2 hours after incubation with all three types of extracts.

scholarly journals The serum inhibin B concentration and reference ranges in normozoospermia

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Barbotin ◽  
Caroline Ballot ◽  
Julien Sigala ◽  
Nassima Ramdane ◽  
Alain Duhamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Semen Parameter ◽  
Health Organization

ObjectiveAlthough an inhibin B assay may be useful in the assessment of testicular function in a number of genital conditions, reliable reference ranges are still lacking. The present study sought to establish the reference range for serum inhibin B by applying the updated Gen II assay.DesignThis prospective study included 818 men referred for semen analysis: 377 were normozoospermic (reference group) and 441 presented at least one abnormal semen parameter (case group).MethodsSemen parameters were interpreted according to the 2010 World Health Organization manual and David's modified classification for normal morphology. The inhibin B concentration was determined with the current ELISA.ResultsIn the reference group, the 2.5th percentile for inhibin B was 92 pg/ml and the 97.5th percentile for FSH was 7.8 IU/l. In the overall population, an inhibin B level <92 pg/ml was associated with increased odds ratio (OR; 95% CI) for oligozoospermia (16.93 (9.82–29.18), P<0.0001), asthenozoospermia (4.87 (2.88–8.10), P<0.0001), and teratozoospermia (2.20 (1.31–3.68), P=0.0026). The combination of a FSH >7.8 IU/l and an inhibin B <92 pg/ml was associated with greater OR for oligozoospermia (98.74 (23.99–406.35), P<0.0001) than for each hormone considered separately.ConclusionsA new reference range for serum inhibin B was established by the use of updated immunoassay. The correlations between hormone levels and semen parameters highlighted the importance of establishing these values with respect to the spermogram. When combined with FSH assay, the inhibin B range may be of value in the evaluation of spermatogenesis in a number of male genital conditions.

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