The Duodenum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Ronnekleiv-Kelly ◽  
Richard A Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Food Bolus ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Key Words Absorption ◽  
Food Content ◽  
Lymphatic Network ◽  
Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine that arises from the embryologic foregut and midgut. With maturation, it lies mostly retroperitoneal and is intimately associated with nearby structures such as the pancreas, hepatoduodenal ligament, and transverse colon mesentery. It is well vascularized with a rich lymphatic network and supports digestive, absorptive, immune, and endocrine functions. The duodenum receives food bolus from the stomach and releases various hormones important for regulating motility and gastric acid secretion. In the duodenum, food content mixes with bile and pancreatic enzymes to continue digestion of and initiate absorption for fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins and minerals. The duodenum experiences substantial exposure to the external environment and therefore contains an extensive immune barrier, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Additionally, there is a significant neuroendocrine network within the duodenum and small intestine that possesses a variety of endocrine functions, including regulation of acid secretion, motility, pancreatic function, bile flow, and mucosal cell growth. These enterochromaffin cells are the source duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid) and can be classified according to subtype or grade. The duodenum is a diverse component of the small intestine that is uniquely suited to its numerous functions.     Key words: absorption, acid secretion, anatomy, digestion, duodenum, intestinal immune system, microstructure, motility, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, neuroendocrine

The Duodenum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Ronnekleiv-Kelly ◽  
Richard A Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Food Bolus ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Key Words Absorption ◽  
Food Content ◽  
Lymphatic Network ◽  
Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine that arises from the embryologic foregut and midgut. With maturation, it lies mostly retroperitoneal and is intimately associated with nearby structures such as the pancreas, hepatoduodenal ligament, and transverse colon mesentery. It is well vascularized with a rich lymphatic network and supports digestive, absorptive, immune, and endocrine functions. The duodenum receives food bolus from the stomach and releases various hormones important for regulating motility and gastric acid secretion. In the duodenum, food content mixes with bile and pancreatic enzymes to continue digestion of and initiate absorption for fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins and minerals. The duodenum experiences substantial exposure to the external environment and therefore contains an extensive immune barrier, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Additionally, there is a significant neuroendocrine network within the duodenum and small intestine that possesses a variety of endocrine functions, including regulation of acid secretion, motility, pancreatic function, bile flow, and mucosal cell growth. These enterochromaffin cells are the source duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid) and can be classified according to subtype or grade. The duodenum is a diverse component of the small intestine that is uniquely suited to its numerous functions.     Key words: absorption, acid secretion, anatomy, digestion, duodenum, intestinal immune system, microstructure, motility, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, neuroendocrine

scholarly journals Effect of a cocoa diet on the small intestine and gut-associated lymphoid tissue composition in an oral sensitization model in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariona Camps-Bossacoma ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-Cano ◽  
Àngels Franch ◽  
Eva Untersmayr ◽  
Margarida Castell
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Tissue Composition

Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

2010 ◽  
pp. 2244-2256
Author(s):  
D.J. Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles

The gastrointestinal tract is protected by gut-associated lymphoid tissue that provides an environment where interaction occurs between luminal antigen and specially adapted immune tissue in Peyer’s patches (small intestine only) or lymphoid follicles. T and B lymphocytes primed in the gut migrate into the systemic circulation via the thoracic duct but home preferentially to the lamina propria of the intestine. Plasma cells of the lamina propria secrete immunoglobulin A as a dimer linked by a joining peptide....

scholarly journals Treatment of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis with Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Inhibitor MI-2 Is Associated with Restoration of Gut Immune Function and the Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Won Lee ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Chang Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Intestinal Immune System

ABSTRACT Disruption of the healthy intestinal microbiome and homeostasis of the intestinal immune system, which are closely interactive, are two key factors for ulcerative colitis. Here, we show that MI-2, a selective inhibitor of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation-1 (MALT1), alleviated excessive inflammatory responses and was associated with restoration of healthy intestinal microbiome in mice suffering from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We found that the diversity of intestinal microbiome of mice with DSS-induced colitis was significantly lower than that of healthy mice. However, MI-2 treatment in mice with DSS-induced colitis resulted in restored microbially diverse populations. To understand the possibility of the beneficial effect of the restored microbially diverse populations of MI-2-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis, we showed that inserting fecal microbiota from MI-2-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis and healthy control mice into mice with DSS-induced colitis could alleviate symptoms of colitis. The possibility of MI-2 treatment in DSS-induced colitis, associated with restoration of healthy microbially diverse populations in addition to reshaping host immune modulating capacity by reducing inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-17α, and IL-22), may be considered therapeutic for ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals Primary Duodenal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (Malt) Lymphoma – a Rare Presentation of Gastric Outlet Obstruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Tadmor ◽  
Tova Rainis ◽  
Jacob Bejar ◽  
Dina Attias ◽  
Alexandra Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Malt Lymphoma ◽  
Gastric Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Rare Neoplasm ◽  
The Third

Malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) can arise in a variety of anatomical sites. The majority of these tumors arise in the stomach, with fewer than 30% arising in the small intestine. Primary duodenal MALT lymphoma is a very rare neoplasm. There are very few cases of duodenal MALT lymphoma reported in the literature. This is the third published case presenting clinically as a gastric outlet obstruction. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of chemotherapy and rituximab.

scholarly journals Primary Gastric Lymphoma (Diffuse Large B Cell Type)

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Milind Pandey ◽  
Sunita Vagha ◽  
Raunak Kotecha ◽  
Anchal Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Gastric Lymphoma ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Chop Regimen ◽  
Lesser Curvature

The most frequent extra-nodal site of lymphoma is gastric lymphoma. The bulk of such lesions are extra nodal marginal zone B mucosal cell lymphoma correlated with lymphoid tissue (MALT) type or diffuse lymphoma of large B cells. We are reporting a case of diffuse major B-Cellular gastric lymphoma, which at first showed indigestion, abdominal heaviness, nausea and widespread weakness with 3-4 months of weight loss. In the antropyloric region and distal portion of lesser curvature of stomach suggestive of aetiology of cancer, the CT abdomen shows circumferential wall thickening. DLBCL has been confirmed by HPE and IHC. The neoplasm entered serosa and was found to have adherence to the pancreatic capsule in stage IIE of gastric lymphoma. Following the staging, treatment with an R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, oncovin (vincristine), hydroxydaunorubicin, and prednisone) was done.

scholarly journals Intestinal fat-induced inhibition of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion depends on CCK but not peptide YY

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. G550-G555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tuan Zhao ◽  
John H. Walsh ◽  
Helen Wong ◽  
Lijie Wang ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Proximal Half

Fat in small intestine decreases meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and slows gastric emptying. CCK is a mediator of this inhibitory effect (an enterogastrone). Because intravenously administered peptide YY (PYY) inhibits acid secretion, endogenous PYY released by fat may also be an enterogastrone. Four dogs were equipped with gastric, duodenal, and midgut fistulas. PYY antibody (anti-PYY) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg or CCK-A receptor antagonist (devazepide) at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was administered alone or in combination 10 min before the proximal half of the gut was perfused with 60 mM oleate or buffer. Acid secretion and gastric emptying were measured. We found that 1) peptone-induced gastric acid secretion was inhibited by intestinal fat ( P < 0.0001), 2) inhibition of acid secretion by intestinal fat was reversed by CCK-A receptor antagonist ( P < 0.0001) but not by anti-PYY, and 3) slowing of gastric emptying by fat was reversed by CCK-A antagonist ( P< 0.05) but not by anti-PYY. We concluded that inhibition of peptone meal-induced gastric acid secretion and slowing of gastric emptying by intestinal fat depended on CCK but not on circulating PYY.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document