Colorectal Cancer Screening

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Inra ◽  
Molly Perencevich ◽  
Ramona Lim
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colon Polyps ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
Sessile Polyp ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men and is the third leading cause of all cancer deaths in the United States. Due to screening examinations used to detect and remove premalignant colon polyps, as well as modification of risk factors and improvements in the treatment of CRC, the incidence and mortality due to CRC have declined over the last several decades. Regardless, CRC continues to account for about 9% of all cancer deaths in the United States. This review addresses CRC, including the epidemiology, pathophysiology and genetics, screening modalities, treatment, and complications associated with CRC screening. Figures show etiologies of CRC, multiple sessile adenomas, a pedunculated adenoma, a sessile polyp, a large polyp found on computed tomographic colonography, and a characteristic sessile serrated adenoma/polyp with a mucus cap in the proximal colon. Tables list oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and mismatch repair genes involved in CRC; surveillance recommendations based on a family history of CRC; CRC risk stratification; CRC screening recommendations by risk stratification; and CRC surveillance recommendations. This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 82 references. 

scholarly journals Developments in Screening Tests and Strategies for Colorectal Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin L. Sovich ◽  
Zachary Sartor ◽  
Subhasis Misra
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background.Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and second most common in women. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. In the United States, CRC is the third most common cause of cancer and second most common cause of cancer mortality. Incidence and mortality rates have steadily fallen, primarily due to widespread screening.Methods.We conducted keyword searches on PubMed in four categories of CRC screening: stool, endoscopic, radiologic, and serum, as well as news searches in Medscape and Google News.Results.Colonoscopy is the gold standard for CRC screening and the most common method in the United States. Technological improvements continue to be made, including the promising “third-eye retroscope.” Fecal occult blood remains widely used, particularly outside the United States. The first at-home screen, a fecal DNA screen, has also recently been approved. Radiological methods are effective but seldom used due to cost and other factors. Serum tests are largely experimental, although at least one is moving closer to market.Conclusions.Colonoscopy is likely to remain the most popular screening modality for the immediate future, although its shortcomings will continue to spur innovation in a variety of modalities.

scholarly journals Association of patients’ perception of quality of healthcare received and colorectal cancer screening uptake: An analysis of two national surveys in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Chawla ◽  
Angesom Kibreab ◽  
Victor & Scott ◽  
Edward L. Lee ◽  
Farshad Aduli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
National Trends

Objective: It is unknown whether patients’ ratings of the quality of healthcare services they receive truly correlate with the quality of care from their providers. Understanding this association can potentiate improvement in healthcare delivery. We evaluated the association between patients’ ratings of the quality of healthcare services received and uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Subject and Methods: We used two iterations of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) of adults in the United States. HINTS 2007 (4,007 respondents; weighted population=75,397,128) evaluated whether respondents were up-to-date with CRC screening while HINTS 4 cycle 3 (1,562 respondents; weighted population=76,628,000) evaluated whether participants had ever received CRC screening in the past. All included respondents from both surveys were at least 50 years of age, had no history of CRC, and had rated the quality of healthcare services that they had received at their healthcare provider’s office in the previous 12 months. Results: HINTS 2007 data showed that respondents who rated their healthcare as good, or fair/poor were significantly less likely to be up to date with CRC screening compared to those who rated their healthcare as excellent. We found comparable results from analysis of HINTS 4 cycle 3 data with poorer uptake of CRC screening as the healthcare quality ratings of respondents’ reduced. Conclusion: Our study suggested that patients who reported receiving lower quality of healthcare services were less likely to have undergone and be compliant with CRC screening recommendations. It is important to pay close attention to patient feedback surveys in order to improve healthcare delivery.

Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Hispanic Subgroups in the United States: NHIS 2010 and 2015 Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 154041532110636
Author(s):  
Jessica Calderón-Mora ◽  
Luis Alvarado ◽  
Alok Dwivedi ◽  
Navkiran Shokar
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Starting Point

Introduction: Much of the data related to colorectal cancer (CRC) disease burden among Hispanics is grouped together. The purpose of our study was to better understand the current screening uptake across Hispanic subgroups. Methods: Data from the CRC screening portion of the 2010 and 2015 Adult Cancer Control Module of the National Hispanic Interview Survey (NHIS). A univariate and multivariable analysis were conducted. Results: Total sample size: 7,389. Subgroup with most participants: Mexican-American. For all Hispanics, 24% were up to date with CRC screening. In adjusted analyses, variables significantly associated with being up to date among all Hispanics were: older age (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.03; p = <.0001), female sex (PR = 1.28; p = 0.003), more than high school education (PR = 1.25; p = 0.006), annual household income between $45,000 and $74,999 ( PR = 1.51; p = 0.018), living in the United States for 15 years or more (PR = 1.45; p = 0.039), having health insurance (PR = 2.06; p = <.0001), and having a first-degree relative with CRC (PR = 1.35; p < .0001). Discussion: Various social determinants of health were found to be associated with increased prevalence of being up to date with CRC screening among different Hispanic subgroups. Conclusion: These findings serve as a starting point to develop interventions tailored to specific Hispanic subgroups with social determinants of health, namely low socioeconomic status, at the forefront of development.

scholarly journals Obesity Status and Colorectal Cancer Screening in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima A. Kendall ◽  
Euni Lee ◽  
Ilene H. Zuckerman ◽  
Linda Simoni-Wastila ◽  
Marlon Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Obesity Status

Background. Findings from previous studies on an association between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening are inconsistent and very few studies have utilized national level databases in the United States (US).Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2005 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to describe CRC screening rate by obesity status.Results. Of a 15,769 Medicare beneficiaries sample aged 50 years and older reflecting 39 million Medicare beneficiaries in the United States, 25% were classified as obese, consisting of 22.4% “obese” (30 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 35) and 3.1% “morbidly obese” (BMI ≥ 35) beneficiaries. Almost 38% of the beneficiaries had a body mass index level equivalent to overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30). Of the study population, 65.3% reported having CRC screening (fecal occult blood testing or colonoscopy). Medicare beneficiaries classified as “obese” had greater odds of CRC screening compared to “nonobese” beneficiaries after controlling for other covariates (ORadj= 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12–1.39).Conclusions. Findings indicate that obesity was not a barrier but rather an assisting factor to CRC screening among Medicare beneficiaries. Future studies are needed to evaluate physicians’ ordering of screening tests compared to screening claims among Medicare beneficiaries to better understand patterns of patients’ and doctors’ adherence to national CRC screening guidelines.

scholarly journals Integrating Men’s Health and Masculinity Theories to Explain Colorectal Cancer Screening Behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Christy ◽  
Catherine E. Mosher ◽  
Susan M. Rawl
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Screening Behavior ◽  
Preventive Health Behaviors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States. Although CRC screening has been found to reduce CRC incidence and mortality, current screening rates among men are suboptimal due to various practical and psychosocial barriers. One potential barrier to CRC screening identified in qualitative studies with men is the threat to masculinity that endoscopic screening methods pose. Indeed, beliefs about masculinity have been predictive of other preventive health behaviors among men. In this review article, we propose a novel conceptual framework to explain men’s CRC screening behavior that integrates masculinity norms, gender role conflict, men’s health care experiences, behaviors, and beliefs, and social and background variables. This framework has the potential to guide future research on men’s CRC screening behaviors and other health behaviors and may inform gender-sensitive interventions that target masculinity beliefs to increase preventive health behaviors.

scholarly journals Colorectal cancer in the 45-to-50 age group in the United States: a National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Reif de Paula ◽  
Eric M. Haas ◽  
Deborah S. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Crc Screening

Abstract Background Amid increasing awareness of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), guidelines in the United States (US) recently lowered the recommended routine CRC screening age from 50 to 45 in average-risk individuals. There are little data on the number of patients in this age group diagnosed with CRC prior to these changes. Our objective was to audit the historic CRC case trends and impact of CRC in the 45-to-50-year-old category prior to new screening recommendations. Methods Colorectal adenocarcinoma cases in 45-to-50-year-old patients were queried from the NCDB (2004–2017). Cases were stratified by sex, race, and site. The disability-adjusted lost years (DALY) and lost earnings were estimated. The average annual percentage changes (AAPC) of CRC incidence were estimated using jointpoint analysis. The main outcome measures were DALY and lost earnings. Secondary outcome measures were the 2004–2017 AAPC and the cumulative incidence of potential CRC cases in the 45-to-50 cohort through 2030 without guideline changes. Results 67,442 CRC patients in the 45-to-50 demographic were identified. The CRC burden resulted 899,905 DALY and $17 billion in lost earnings. The 2004–2017 AAPC was 1.6%, with an estimated 13-year increase of 25%. There were sex-, race-, and anatomic site-specific discrepancies with estimated 13-year increases of 30% for males, 110% for American Indian/ Alaska Natives/ Asian American/ Pacific Islander races, and 31% for rectal cancer by 2030. Conclusion CRC has been steadily increasing in the 45-to-50 age group, with tremendous disability and cost ensuing. There is great potential benefit from lowering the recommended routine CRC screening age to 45. Targeted intervention could ensure the most vulnerable segments benefit from the new guidelines, in both reducing the incidence and improving survivorship in CRC patients. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Improving Internal Medicine Residents� Colorectal Cancer Screening Knowledge Using a Smartphone App: Pilot Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Khan ◽  
Umar Darr ◽  
Muhammad Ali Khan ◽  
Mohamad Nawras ◽  
Basmah Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. About one in three adults in the United States is not getting the CRC screening as recommended. Internal medicine residents are deficient in CRC screening knowledge. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to assess the improvement in internal medicine residents’ CRC screening knowledge via a pilot approach using a smartphone app. METHODS We designed a questionnaire based on the CRC screening guidelines of the American Cancer Society, American College of Gastroenterology, and US Preventive Services Task Force. We emailed the questionnaire via a SurveyMonkey link to all the residents of an internal medicine department to assess their knowledge of CRC screening guidelines. Then we designed an educational intervention in the form of a smartphone app containing all the knowledge about the CRC screening guidelines. The residents were introduced to the app and asked to download it onto their smartphones. We repeated the survey to test for changes in the residents’ knowledge after publication of the smartphone app and compared the responses with the previous survey. We applied the Pearson chi-square test and the Fisher exact test to look for statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 50 residents completed the first survey and 41 completed the second survey after publication of the app. Areas of CRC screening that showed statistically significant improvement (P<.05) were age at which CRC screening was started in African Americans, preventive tests being ordered first, identification of CRC screening tests, identification of preventive and detection methods, following up positive tests with colonoscopy, follow-up after colonoscopy findings, and CRC surveillance in diseases. CONCLUSIONS In this modern era of smartphones and gadgets, developing a smartphone-based app or educational tool is a novel idea and can help improve residents’ knowledge about CRC screening.

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