Infestations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Elston
Keyword(s):  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Delusional Parasitosis ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Global Travel ◽  
Scabies Infestation

This review looks at parasitic diseases of the skin. Scabies, caused by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei), and pediculosis, caused by the bloodsucking louse, are the most prevalent parasitic diseases in temperate regions. For treatment of scabies, ivermectin is suitable for mass drug administration during severe outbreaks, although patients with heavy scabies infestation may exhibit Mazzotti reactions during treatment with oral ivermectin. Another promising scabicide is Tinospora cordifolia lotion. The increase in global travel has also meant a worldwide increase in parasitic disorders endemic to tropical regions; these disorders include cutaneous larva migrans, pyodermas, arthropod-reactive dermatitis, myiasis, tungiasis, urticaria, and cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Finally, patients with delusional parasitosis will express the belief that parasitical organisms are infesting their skin. Pimozide, an antipsychotic, has been successfully used to treat delusional parasitosis. This module contains 16 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, 15 references, and 5 MCQs.

Infestations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Elston
Keyword(s):  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Delusional Parasitosis ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Global Travel ◽  
Scabies Infestation

This review looks at parasitic diseases of the skin. Scabies, caused by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei), and pediculosis, caused by the bloodsucking louse, are the most prevalent parasitic diseases in temperate regions. For treatment of scabies, ivermectin is suitable for mass drug administration during severe outbreaks, although patients with heavy scabies infestation may exhibit Mazzotti reactions during treatment with oral ivermectin. Another promising scabicide is Tinospora cordifolia lotion. The increase in global travel has also meant a worldwide increase in parasitic disorders endemic to tropical regions; these disorders include cutaneous larva migrans, pyodermas, arthropod-reactive dermatitis, myiasis, tungiasis, urticaria, and cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Finally, patients with delusional parasitosis will express the belief that parasitical organisms are infesting their skin. Pimozide, an antipsychotic, has been successfully used to treat delusional parasitosis. This module contains 16 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, 15 references, and 5 MCQs.

Infestations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Elston
Keyword(s):  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Delusional Parasitosis ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Global Travel ◽  
Scabies Infestation

This review looks at parasitic diseases of the skin. Scabies, caused by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei), and pediculosis, caused by the bloodsucking louse, are the most prevalent parasitic diseases in temperate regions. For treatment of scabies, ivermectin is suitable for mass drug administration during severe outbreaks, although patients with heavy scabies infestation may exhibit Mazzotti reactions during treatment with oral ivermectin. Another promising scabicide is Tinospora cordifolia lotion. The increase in global travel has also meant a worldwide increase in parasitic disorders endemic to tropical regions; these disorders include cutaneous larva migrans, pyodermas, arthropod-reactive dermatitis, myiasis, tungiasis, urticaria, and cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Finally, patients with delusional parasitosis will express the belief that parasitical organisms are infesting their skin. Pimozide, an antipsychotic, has been successfully used to treat delusional parasitosis. This module contains 16 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, 15 references, and 5 MCQs.

scholarly journals Larva migrans in the oral mucosa: report of two cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Humberto Damante ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Montenegro Chinellato ◽  
Fernando Toledo de Oliveira ◽  
Cleverson Teixeira Soares ◽  
Raul Negrão Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Erythematous Plaque ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
First Case ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Posterior Direction

Cutaneous Larva migrans is a very common disease in tropical regions. In the oral mucosa, the infection occurs in the same way as in the skin, but it is rarer. This report describes two cases of Larva migrans in the oral mucosa. The first case was in a 27-year-old woman who presented an erythematous plaque located on the buccal mucosa, extending to a posterior direction, following a linear pattern, to other areas of the mouth. After incisional biopsy of the anterior-most portion of the lesion, morphological details obtained in multiple examined sections suggested Necator or Ancylostoma braziliense larvae as the cause of infection. The second case was in a 35-year-old male who presented a fusiform erythematous plaque in the palatal mucosa. This area was removed and submitted to microscopic examination under a presumptive diagnosis of "parasite migratory stomatitis". The histological characteristics were suggestive of a larva pathway. In both cases the lesion disappeared after biopsy and the patients were symptom-free.

Assessment of the returning traveller

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Ewan Clark ◽  
Michael Diamond ◽  
William Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Potential Exposure ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Returning Travellers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Global Travel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Upset

The extent of global travel is ever increasing, and this is reflected in the number of travellers attending GP surgeries on their return to the UK. Presenting issues more commonly dealt with by GPs, particularly among returning travellers who have visited developing countries and tropical regions, include gastrointestinal upset, feverish illnesses, potential exposure to schistosomiasis and the finding of eosinophilia. The full spectrum of travel-related illness is too extensive to be covered in detail, but an overview of the assessment and management of these clinical presentations is given.

Management of complex pedal cutaneous larva migrans

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
KM Pyatak-Hugar ◽  
RW Mendicino ◽  
TS Scott ◽  
DW Hugar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Cutaneous Larva Migrans ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Endemic Areas

Although cutaneous larva migrans is more commonly seen in the southeastern US and tropical regions of the world, patients with such parasitic involvement may present in other non-endemic areas for various reasons, particularly travelers returning from tropical vacations. Awareness of the clinical presentation and symptomatology of cutaneous larva migrans is important for all physicians, including those practicing in northern climates, for prompt recognition and effective treatment of the disease. Furthermore, cutaneous larva migrans should be of particular interest to podiatrists, because the infestation commonly involves the feet, and a patient may initially present for treatment of secondary manifestations, ie, dermatitis, pruritus, or infection, as in this case report.

scholarly journals RNA interference: recent trends and its application in controlling Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1117
Author(s):  
Alpha Kargbo ◽  
Edrissa Jawo ◽  
Pierre A. Mendy ◽  
Moses Edache Entonu
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Control Disease

Degradation of homologous mRNA in some cells or organisms is possible through the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), via a process called RNA interference (RNAi). The dsRNAs are processed into short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which consequently bind to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), and causes degradation of target mRNAs. RNAi has been widely used to study gene modifications and functions hence has the possibility to control disease pathogens or vectors. This promising potential led researchers to discovery gene control mechanisms in tropical diseases, by manipulating genes of pathogens and vectors, protozoans, animal parasitic helminthes and disease-transmitting vectors, such as insects. Many pathogens and vectors cause severe parasitic diseases in tropical regions and it is challenging to control them once the host has been invaded intracellular. The aim of this work is to show how RNA interference can be used as treatment candidate for controlling some neglected tropical disease as it is highly effective in impeding parasitic development and their proliferation within their host.Keywords: Mosquitoes, Parasitic protozoa, Helminthes, Insect vector

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antiprotozoal Agents

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Kim ◽  
Hayat ◽  
Shin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Medication

Parasitic diseases have serious health, social, and economic impacts, especially in the tropical regions of the world. Diseases caused by protozoan parasites are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. Globally, the burden of protozoan diseases is increasing and is been exacerbated because of a lack of effective medication due to the drug resistance and toxicity of current antiprotozoal agents. These limitations have prompted many researchers to search for new drugs against protozoan parasites. In this review, we have compiled the latest information (2012–2017) on the structures and pharmacological activities of newly developed organic compounds against five major protozoan diseases, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, trichomoniasis, and trypanosomiasis, with the aim of showing recent advances in the discovery of new antiprotozoal drugs.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical Assessment and Adhesive-Tape Laboratory Microscopic of Sarcoptes scabiei for Scabies Diagnostic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rifqoh Rifqoh ◽  
Wahdah Norsiah ◽  
Neni Oktiyani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Tape Test ◽  
Scabies Infestation

Scabies infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mite that infected the skin by making the tunnel burrow. Diagnosis of scabies infestation commonly relies on clinical assessment (CA). However, some scabies symptoms are similar to other diseases. Diagnosis of confirmed scabies can be made by identifying egg or Sarcoptes scabiei mite or scybala through skin scraping laboratory microscopic examination, which was the adhesive tape microscopic (AT) a noninvasive alternative. We aimed to compare the scabies diagnostic accuracy of CA and AT in Islamic Boarding School. This study was an analytical observational cross-sectional study. The population was 94 students of Islamic Boarding School, determining the sample base on purposive sampling technique. There were 34 samples with presumptive scabies analyzed with CA by two clinicians and AT by two trained laboratory technicians. The result showed that the number of patients who positive scabies by CA was 14 (41.18 percent) and 31 (91.18 percent) by AT. Sensitivity was 41.93 percent for CA and 92.85 percent for AT, and the difference was significantly based on Cohen's kappa (ⱪ=0.024). The number of positive cases with both techniques was 13 (38.24 percent). The number of patients positive with only CA was 1 (2.93 percent), and only AT was 18 (22.9 percent). The accuracy of CA was only 44,11 percent. The study concluded that CA is low accuracy than AT. The adhesive tape test is easy, needs no expensive equipment. It is recommended that adhesive tape test for screening purposes. The appropriate comprehensive of both methods for scabies diagnostic is highly recommended.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document