Lightning and Electrical Injury

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Davis ◽  
Tracey A. Cushing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Conducted Electrical Weapon ◽  
Electrical Injuries

There are multiple types of electrical injuries, which vary according to the type of electricity (alternating current or direct current) and the mechanism of contact. Electrical injuries caused by contact with alternating current are more commonly encountered in the household setting, while direct current is found in industrial accidents. Lightning injuries are rare in the United States but are much more common in developing countries due to a lack of access to infrastructure and more agrarian economies. This review includes an overview, assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, treatment and disposition, and outcomes for each of these types of injury.  This review contains 2 figures, 18 tables, and 68 references. Keywords: Lightning, electrical injury, burn, voltage, alternating current, direct current, conducted electrical weapon, TASER, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, myonecrosis, rhabdomyolysis

Direct or alternating?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150
Author(s):  
S. A. Kropachev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
Current Systems

The article is devoted to the so-called "war of currents", which unfolded in the United States in the late 19th-early 20th century. The winner of this "war" was a talented Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla. He professed the ideas of alternating current. He was opposed by the famous American businessman and scientist T. Edison. Enterprises of the latter produced machines running on direct current. It made a big profit. After a number of conflicts, Tesla, who worked for Edison, left his company and organized a business of his own jointly with an industrialist D. Westinghouse. Tesla's ideas and projects won a landslide victory. The development of direct current systems ended in the late 1920s, despite the efforts of T. Edison. N. Tesla was at the origins of alternating current systems, the appearance of electric motors, robotics, wireless charging devices and much more. Today, the ideas of the great Serbian inventor, even the most fantastic ones, are experiencing a rebirth.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

Intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUD)

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Devices

After the initial enthusiasm for the Gräfenberg ring in the 1920’s had waned, an IUD was not considered a safe contraceptive.1 However, the new plastic IUDs have revived interest in this method and there have been trials in many developing countries, as well as in the United States2 and Britain.3

scholarly journals TAXATION ARISING FROM DIGITALISATION: ISSUES AT STAKE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Velarde Aramayo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
European Union Countries

The OECD is leading global efforts to reach an international consensus around the BEPS Project with the G20 support. Action 1 works on the tax challenges of the digital economy and its proposals have been made with the «inclusive framework» participation that brings together more than 137 countries. The article focuses on the legitimacy, operation, and consequences of all this work for developing countries that, according to estimates of the UNCTAD, lost annually U$100 billion due to tax avoidance schemes by MNEs. The OECD/G20 inclusive framework is designing a new global tax structure and its proposals attempt to introduce new rules on taxing rights allocation and distribution. At the same time, some countries have adopted unilateral measures in order to tax some digital businesses. Finally, the European Union Countries continue to delay the adoption of the CCCTB and DST Directive proposals, and the United States has introduced the GILTI legislation that seeks to tax the global intangible income. Everything seems to indicate that in the next years the international tax architecture will be changed in deep.

scholarly journals Lack of Selection and Limits to Delegation: Firm Dynamics in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-275
Author(s):  
Ufuk Akcigit ◽  
Harun Alp ◽  
Michael Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Firm Dynamics ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Managerial Delegation

Delegating managerial tasks is essential for firm growth. Most firms in developing countries, however, do not hire outside managers but instead rely on family members. In this paper, we ask if this lack of managerial delegation can explain why firms in poor countries are small and whether it has important aggregate consequences. We construct a model of firm growth where entrepreneurs have a fixed time endowment to run their daily operations. As firms grow large, the need to hire outside managers increases. Firms’ willingness to expand therefore depends on the ease with which delegation can take place. We calibrate the model to plant-level data from the United States and India. We identify the key parameters of our theory by targeting the experimental evidence on the effect of managerial practices on firm performance from Bloom et al. (2013). We find that inefficiencies in the delegation environment account for 11 percent of the income per capita difference between the United States and India. They also contribute to the small size of Indian producers, but would cause substantially more harm for US firms. The reason is that US firms are larger on average and managerial delegation is especially valuable for large firms, thus making delegation efficiency and other factors affecting firm growth complements. (JEL D22, G32, L25, L26, O14)

Geriatric Experience Following Cardiac Arrest at Six Interventional Cardiology Centers in the United States 2006–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Seder ◽  
Nainesh Patel ◽  
John McPherson ◽  
Paul McMullan ◽  
Karl B. Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
The United States
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