Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inpatient Stay ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review contains 2 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States ,Volume Depletion, Osmolality, Diuretics

Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inpatient Stay ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review contains 2 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States ,Volume Depletion, Osmolality, Diuretics

Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance: Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilea M. Carmona Matos ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review offers an overview of various disorders of water balance: diabetes insipidus, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, idiopathic edema, and volume depletion, as well as their clinical presentations, lab tests, and management. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States , Diabetes insipidus, Volume Depletion, Cirrhosis, Diuretics

Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance: Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilea M. Carmona Matos ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review offers an overview of various disorders of water balance: diabetes insipidus, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, idiopathic edema, and volume depletion, as well as their clinical presentations, lab tests, and management. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States , Diabetes insipidus, Volume Depletion, Cirrhosis, Diuretics

Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance: Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilea M. Carmona Matos ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review offers an overview of various disorders of water balance: diabetes insipidus, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, idiopathic edema, and volume depletion, as well as their clinical presentations, lab tests, and management. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States , Diabetes insipidus, Volume Depletion, Cirrhosis, Diuretics

Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance: Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilea M. Carmona Matos ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review offers an overview of various disorders of water balance: diabetes insipidus, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, idiopathic edema, and volume depletion, as well as their clinical presentations, lab tests, and management. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States , Diabetes insipidus, Volume Depletion, Cirrhosis, Diuretics

Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance: Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilea M. Carmona Matos ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review offers an overview of various disorders of water balance: diabetes insipidus, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, idiopathic edema, and volume depletion, as well as their clinical presentations, lab tests, and management. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States , Diabetes insipidus, Volume Depletion, Cirrhosis, Diuretics

ACUTE CONFUSIONAL STATES AND DEMENTIA IN THE ELDERLY: THE ROLE OF DEHYDRATION/VOLUME DEPLETION, PHYSICAL ILLNESS AND AGE

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. SEYMOUR ◽  
P. J. HENSCHKE ◽  
R. D. T. CAPE ◽  
A. J. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Confusional States

scholarly journals Hubungan Asupan Serat, Kolesterol, Natrium dan Olahraga Dengan Kadar Kolesterol dan Hipertensi pada Lansia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Magdalena Magdalena
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hypercholesterolemia is an excess of cholesterol in the blood, can be factors for heart disease and stroke. The cause of hypertension is heredity, age, sex, obesity (overeating), lack of exercise, stress, excessive salt intake, another effect: smoking, alcohol consumption, taking drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of fiber intake, cholesterol, sodium and exercise with cholesterol and hypertension in the elderly group S. Parman Banjarmasin. Type of research is descriptive analytic research using cross sectional design of the study, which was conducted in a group of elderly Regional Health Center S. Parman Banjarmasin. This research was conducted in January through June 2015 with a sample size of 50 people. The data obtained is the intake of cholesterol, sodium, exercise and cholesterol and hypertension. The statistical test used is Chi Square test (p <0.005). The results of this study are most of the respondents were female (68%), most of the respondents aged less than 60 years (56%), and respondents work mostly does not work / housewife (48%). Most fiber intake respondents are not good (96%), cholesterol intake was mostly good (82%), sodium intake are all good (100%), most of the sports activities of respondents are less good (88%), there was no association between dietary fiber intake and kolestero cholesterol levels and hypertension, there is no relationship between exercise activities cholesterol levels and hypertension Keywords: fiber intake, sodium intake, exercise, cholesterol levels, hypertension

Hyponatremia in the rat in the absence of positive water balance.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-529
Author(s):  
M Gowrishankar ◽  
C B Chen ◽  
S Cheema-Dhadli ◽  
A Steele ◽  
M L Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Usual Diet

The purpose of this report is to determine the mechanisms that lead to hyponatremia when isotonic saline was the only fluid infused into rats given antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and what might minimize the degree of this hyponatremia. Normal rats were deprived of food and water for the 24-hr study period. They received an infusion of isotonic saline to expand their extracellular fluid (ECF) volume with and without exogenous ADH administration (N = 8 in each of the four groups). Similar studies were also carried out in 32 rats fed a low electrolyte diet for 72 hr before the experiment. An additional control group was fed the low electrolyte diet supplemented with sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl). Hyponatremia developed over 24 hr in rats fed their usual diet if treated with ADH and isotonic saline (fall, 13 +/- 2 mM, P < 0.01). The hyponatremia was caused by negative balance for Na + K salts. Hyponatremia did not develop after the saline + ADH treatment if rats were pretreated for 3 days with a low electrolyte diet. Two factors were required to develop this hyponatremia--generation of electrolyte-free water as a result of the excretion of a large quantity of Na + K salts at a high concentration in the urine, and prevention of the excretion of this electrolyte-free water by ADH. Increasing the avidity for Na reabsorption by the kidney prevented this type of hyponatremia from developing.

Acute kidney injury in the elderly

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinna N. Cruz ◽  
Anna Clementi ◽  
Mitchell H. Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Aggressive Care

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is largely a disease of the elderly patient. As described in this chapter, age-related changes in the kidney as well as the accumulated co-morbid conditions and polypharmacy associated with ageing greatly increase the susceptibility to the development of AKI. The aetiologies of AKI in the elderly patient represent the same spectrum of prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes as in other age categories. However, elderly patients tend to have a higher relative risk for developing AKI due to volume depletion and urinary tract obstruction. Diagnosis of AKI can be confounded by the use of serum creatinine which has limitations in the diagnosis of AKI.Poorer short- and long-term outcomes may influence decision-making on the provision of aggressive care such as offering renal replacement therapy. These complex decisions require a careful analysis of potential outcomes as well as coordinated discussions with family members to ensure that the most thoughtful and rational treatments are offered.

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