Causal Inference in Judgment Using the Balanced Scorecard

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-224
Author(s):  
Kristian Rotaru ◽  
Dennis D. Fehrenbacher ◽  
Min Hui Liang ◽  
Axel K.-D. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Generic Strategy ◽  
Strategy Map ◽  
Financial Performance Measures ◽  
Psychology Literature

ABSTRACT One of the potential threats to the effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is that managers over- or underuse particular perspectives of the BSC. Specifically, we investigate the effects of (1) the presentation of strategic objectives (generic strategy map versus strategic objective list), and (2) the performance outcome patterns (positive versus negative outer perspective) across the performance measurement perspectives of the BSC and find support that is consistent with the violation of the causal independence assumption (VCIA) in the psychology literature (Rehder 2014). Our findings show that the presentation of the strategic objectives and the performance outcome patterns interact significantly affecting performance evaluation outcomes. Two follow-up experiments provide further support for the VCIA observed in the main experiment by ruling out an alternative explanation that managers simply place a greater emphasis on financial performance measures. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

scholarly journals Strategy Map dan Rancangan Balanced Scorecard PT. DPI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
A Fakhri Arifyanto
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Strategy Map ◽  
Process Perspective

This research aims to compile and designing Strategy Map and Balanced Scorecard on PT. DPI in order to achieve the objective of becoming an international organization or world class company.  According to David P. Norton which had been quoted by Mathews (2007), Balanced Scorecard is precise methodologies to develop measurement which is capable to describe the organization’s strategy.  Development of Strategy Map is the key to design effective Balanced Scorecard. The analysis result stated that the Strategy Map of PT. DPI could be compiled by virtue of the strategic issues in the corporate level, meanwhile for the Balanced Scorecard design consists of four perspectives in which financial perspective to improve the ROI of strategic objective by increasing revenue from existing product and new product.  Customer perspective, with the strategic objective of customer satisfaction, increased market share by retaining existing customers and add new customers.  Internal Business Process Perspective, with a strategic objective of developing superior products, innovative and sophisticated, improved customer relationship management.  Learning and Growth Perspective, with strategic objectives to improve the quality, professionalism of human resources DPI, to develop a conducive climate in DPI (improve DPI climate).    

scholarly journals Balanced Scorecard Application and its Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Hani Deghash
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Financial Performance Measures ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Institutions seek to obtain a comprehensive picture of their financial and managerial performance by providing indicators and measures for evaluating internal and external performance in the short and long term based on their strategic needs. Institutions' performance is measured through managerial measurement tools to improve decision-making process and achieve the institutions’ strategic objectives. Among tools used in measuring performance, there are traditional tools rely on financial measures and other tools rely on financial and non-financial performance measures, such as the balanced scorecard. This study focuses on the balanced scorecard as one of the tools used to measure performance, the reasons that led to its emergence, its dimensions, the axes contained in each dimension, its basic characteristics, advantages, the success drivers of applying the balanced scorecard, the challenges facing its application, and the steps of implementing the balanced scorecard.

Dynamic Decision Making Using the Balanced Scorecard Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Humphreys ◽  
Michael Shayne Gary ◽  
Ken T. Trotman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Experiment Control

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects that two balanced scorecard framework (BSF) elements, causal linkages between strategic objectives (“causal linkages”) and time delay information (“delays”) in a strategy map, have on long-term profit performance in a dynamic decision-making environment. Using a computer-based simulation task, we conduct a 3 × (4) experiment (control group; causal linkages without delays; causal linkages with delays; four simulation rounds) and find that managers presented with causal linkages without delays generate greater long-term profit compared to a control group. For managers presented with causal linkages with delays, long-term profit generation is higher than the control group, but is not significantly different from the causal linkages without delays treatment. Those managers presented with causal linkages with delays, however, demonstrate learning across the four simulation rounds. In contrast, learning is found to plateau for the causal linkages without delays treatment and is not present for the control group. We also examine the cognitive mechanism through which these two BSF elements impact performance, by measuring the accuracy of two components of managers' mental models. Data Availability: Experimental materials are available upon request from the authors.

The Differential Improvement Effects of the Strategy Map and Scorecard Perspectives on Managers' Strategic Judgments

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy M. Cheng ◽  
Kerry A. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
External Information ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Information Relevance ◽  
Strategy Map ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT This study examines the effect that two key balanced scorecard (BSC) framework elements—causal linkages between strategic objectives in the strategy map and performance measures categorized by scorecard perspective—have on managers' ability to interpret the strategic relevance of external information and use this information to evaluate the appropriateness of an organization's strategy. We conduct two experiments, finding that presenting a set of strategic objectives as a strategy map enhances both managers' information relevance and strategy appropriateness judgments. We attribute this improvement to the explication of causal linkages between objectives in a strategy map. In contrast, presenting performance measures categorized by scorecard perspective only improves managers' strategy appropriateness judgments when the managers are provided with a set of strategic objectives that are not presented in a strategy map structure. Our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that these two elements of the BSC framework have differential decision-facilitating impacts on managers' strategic judgments. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

scholarly journals Development of a system of indices of the efficacy of the performance of general outpatient department of "Children's Clinical Medical Center" of the city of Chita

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Chuprova ◽  
G. I. Bisharova
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Rational Structure ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

One of the most effective and popular tools in the world of strategic management of the organization is the Balanced Scorecard, which increases the capability to achieve the strategic objectives and provides an integrated work of the organization. There is considered the classical rational structure of the working activity of the department in the context of prospects for 4 - finances, cases, internal processes, training and development. There are developed key indices of the efficacy and established their aimed values. The developed system of indices of the efficacy of the work of the Department will allow to detail the aims of operational and personal levels, and as a consequence to improve the efficacy of the management of health facility.

Influences of Timeline and Perceived Strategy Effectiveness on Balanced Scorecard Performance Evaluation Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Philip M. J. Reckers ◽  
Geoffrey D. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Strategic Performance ◽  
Performance Judgments ◽  
Financial Performance Measures

ABSTRACT This study examines evaluator ratings of subordinate performance in implementing a new corporate strategy in a Balanced Scorecard environment. We focus on two factors predicted to influence strategic performance judgments: (1) the presence or absence of an explicit timeline for strategy implementation, and (2) the evaluator's perceptions of the effectiveness of the new strategy. One hundred eleven M.B.A. students averaging over eight years of work experience participated in the study. Consistent with predictions, we find that (1) absence of an implementation timeline was associated with fixation on lagging financial performance measures outside of the subordinate's time span of control, and (2) evaluator perceptions of the strategy's effectiveness were positively associated with evaluations of strategy-congruent performance. These results extend prior research by highlighting the importance of the time dimension and perceptions of strategy effectiveness in performance judgments. Implications for future research in strategic performance evaluation are discussed. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

Supply Chain Performance Measurement and Organizational Alignment in the Digital World

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-154
Author(s):  
Ehap Sabri ◽  
Rohan Vishwasrao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Maturity Models ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Road Map ◽  
And Performance

The authors describe how organizations can leverage the maturity model approach in conjunction with foundational concepts of perspective-based performance evaluation models like the balanced scorecard (BSC) to define a comprehensive performance measurement framework. A maturity model by design provides a road-map to the next level of performance. In this chapter, the authors propose using maturity models as a structured way of identifying current capability or maturity level of any supply chain. The authors provide guidance on selecting the right “causal linkages” between supply chain objectives and performance measures. They then define a mechanism for specifying even more granular definitions of measures linked to strategic objectives, as the level of maturity progresses. In this chapter, the authors survey widely used supply chain/business process maturity models and current practices related to measuring operational metric. And then present a tiered framework for operational metric alignment and KPI governance based on perspective-based modeling design principles.

Human Resources in the Balanced Scorecard System

2011 ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Juha Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Organizational Levels ◽  
Administrative Units

Strategic planning is a matter of mapping the route between the perceived present circumstances and the desired future situation. Strategic management adapts higher education institutions (HEI) to their environment including educational policy, local demand for skilled labor, and other factors. The purpose of HEIs is to positively affect the development of society and the local community. The balanced scorecard approach developed by Kaplan and Norton (2001, 2004, 2006) is a framework for the communication and implementation of the strategy. The approach creates a shared understanding of the strategic plan by describing the plan using strategy maps, strategic objectives, measures and target values for the planning period (Niven, 2005). The balanced scorecard approach can be combined with other approaches and management tools. The purpose of this article is to report on a development project where the balanced scorecard approach was applied in the management information system MIS) of an HEI. The MIS integrates the different approaches of management into human resources (HR) planning. It is important that the balanced scorecard approach is supported by the MIS. This is especially critical in large organizations. Many administrative units and organizational levels emphasize the importance of automation enabling management to consistently aggregate the scorecards of lower organizational levels to the overall scorecard. The MIS with a portal is a valuable communication channel, information processor, management tool and the joint memory of the organization. The empirical part of the article describes the MIS of the Turku University of Applied Sciences (TUAS), where the MIS is based on strategic management and the balanced scorecard approach. The system integrates budgeting, action plans, HR planning and quality management. The data warehouse approach is used to capture data from the diverse source systems and to store the data in an integrated database. An MIS portal was developed to support the management process and be open to the personnel of the institution. The portal supports the dialogue and commitment of the personnel to the strategic outlines. The portal is open to management and the personnel of the institution.

The Fifth Perspective

2010 ◽  
pp. 2378-2388
Author(s):  
Preeti Goyal ◽  
Bhimaraya A. Metri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Business Process Outsourcing ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
External Relationships ◽  
New Perspective

Today, alliances, collaborations, and networks are synonymous with strategy. Business process outsourcing (BPO) is one such type of alliance. With increasing reliance on outsourcing, the organizational boundaries are blurring. The implications for the client organization can be tremendous, as it now relies on an outside organization to fulfill its operational objectives. Currently, there is no single framework that can effectively measure performance for BPO arrangements. In its present form, the balanced scorecard (BSC) only addresses the performance measurement needs of a single enterprise and any perspective on any external relationships is completely missing. The traditional BSC does not suffice as a performance measurement framework for BPO. While both the client and the vendor can use a BSC for their respective organizations, the strategic objectives of the organizations may not be met. In this article the authors propose a new perspective as an extension to the BSC, namely, the goals alignment perspective. Goals alignment of the two organizations will enable creation of performance measures that will help participating organizations to achieve their respective goals.

Strategy maps: the essential link between the balanced scorecard and action

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Lueg
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Strategy Execution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategy Maps ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Action Strategy ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Balanced Scorecards ◽  
Strategy Map

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how the use of Strategy Maps substantially improves the implementation success of balanced scorecards (BSC). The BSC is supposed to translate strategy into action. Strategy maps support this by showing cause-and-effect chains. But what does this mean for strategy execution in practice? To achieve better BSC implementations, the author uncovers pitfalls and names the remedies. Design/methodology/approach – The author summarizes the most important findings from initially over 1,000 studies that have dealt with the BSC from 1992 to 2012. Findings – BSC implementations that use a sophisticated Strategy Map appear to be successful. Strategy maps foster a better understanding of the BSC among employees, create greater commitment and less resistance and are superior to the BSC itself in communicating how to achieve strategic goals. Also, strategy maps facilitate managers’ evaluation of the relevant environment. Nevertheless, the common measure bias is a usual pitfall: top managers have a tendency to use their own strategic targets as a yardstick for lower-level employees. Originality/value – This paper helps managers understand the most recent developments on strategy maps. In particular, the author highlights that causalities do not exist in organizations in the same way as there are “laws” in physics. Instead, organizations need to customize their BSC to their way of doing business.

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