Arborista, Inc.: An Instructional Resource Case

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc P. Picconi ◽  
Kimberly J. Smith ◽  
Alexander Woods
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Managerial Accounting ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Cash Flow Statement ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows

ABSTRACT: This deceptively simple case is intended for use as early as the first day of an M.B.A. core accounting course or as a focused review for an undergraduate accounting course. It achieves three primary objectives: accelerating student learning about the statement of cash flows, emphasizing the importance of both the cash flow statement and the income statement in valuation and capital markets, and introducing the three primary financial statements as an integrated system. The case also features the use of the direct method of presenting operating cash flows, both as a pedagogical tool and to allow interested instructors to increase their focus on that method. We have found that students benefit from the early integration of the cash flow statement, as well as the ability to clearly understand how operating cash flows are similar to—and different from—net income. Finally, the case provides an optional managerial accounting module for instructors who teach a course that integrates financial and managerial accounting.

The Effects of Financial Statement and Informational Complexity on Analysts’ Cash Flow Forecasts

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Hodder ◽  
Patrick E. Hopkins ◽  
David A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Cash Flow Forecasts ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
Cash Flow Forecast

ABSTRACT: We characterize the operating-activities section of the indirect-approach statement of cash flows as backward because it presents reconciling adjustments in a way that is opposite from the intuitively appealing, future-oriented, Conceptual Framework definitions of assets, liabilities, and the accruals process. We propose that the reversed-accruals orientation required in the currently mandated indirect-approach statement of cash flows is unnecessarily complex, causing information-processing problems that result in increased cash flow forecast error and dispersion. We also predict that the mixed pattern (i.e., +/−, −/+) of operating cash flows and operating accruals reported by most companies impedes investors’ ability to learn the time-series properties of cash flows and accruals. We conduct a carefully controlled experiment and find that (1) cash flow forecasts have lower forecast error and dispersion when the indirect-approach statement of cash flows starts with operating cash flows and adds changes in accruals to arrive at net income and (2) cash flow forecasts have lower forecast error and dispersion when the cash flows and accruals are of the same sign (i.e., +/+, −/−); with the sign-based difference attenuated in the forward-oriented statement of cash flows. We also conduct a quasi-experiment to test our mixed-sign versus same-sign hypotheses using archival samples of publicly available I/B/E/S and Value Line cash flow forecasts. We find that the passively observed samples of cash flow forecasts exhibit a similar pattern of mixed-sign versus same-sign forecast error as documented in our experiment.

scholarly journals Net Operating Working Capital, Capital Budgeting, And Cash Budgets: A Teaching Example

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Budgeting Process

Many introductory finance texts present information on the capital budgeting process, including estimation of project cash flows.  Typically, estimation of project cash flows begins with a calculation of net income.  Getting from net income to cash flows requires accounting for non-cash items such as depreciation.  Also important is the effect of changes in net operating working capital on cash flow.  While students readily understand how to account for depreciation when calculating cash flow, they typically have much more difficulty understanding how and why changes in working capital affect cash flows.  This paper develops a teaching example to show exactly how and why changes in net operating working capital affect cash flows.  The example shows how to derive operating cash flows for a proposed project using the accrual accounting method and then shows a cash budget for the same project.  Finally, the example shows that the discrepancy between the cash flows shown in the cash budget and the operating cash flows can be resolved by accounting for changes in working capital.  A survey of students in an MBA managerial finance course indicates student satisfaction with the teaching example and gives evidence that students prefer the teaching example to explanations of the effect of working capital on project cash flows given in the assigned text.

Voluntary Income Reporting

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-295
Author(s):  
Philip Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Fund Flows ◽  
Litigation Risk ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Income Reporting ◽  
Cash Flow Statement

SYNOPSIS This paper proposes a voluntary income-reporting regime, in which firms could choose whether to publish an income statement. Firms choosing not to issue it would report fund flows in a cash flow statement employing the direct method, similar to the cash flow statement advocated by Ohlson et al. (2010). Voluntary income reporting is motivated by managers' numerous motives to manipulate earnings, recent research challenging the value relevance of earnings compared to cash flows, and costs of auditing income, including litigation risk. Another motivation for voluntary income reporting is rising investor dissatisfaction with reported earnings, but unlike many critics in the investing community, the paper does not claim that earnings do not have significant information value. Rather, given recent developments, it is worth reconsidering whether the benefits of reporting accrual earnings exceed the costs for all firms.

scholarly journals Effect Of Net Income And Operating Cash Flow On Cash Dividends

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Sherly Rinjani ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Operating Cash Flow

In invested, investors are more interested to shared profits at the form of cash dividends. The factor that can determine the amount of cash dividends that companies shared to investors are financial condition of the company which consists of net income and operating cash flow. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of net income and operating cash flows on cash dividends. The population of this research was pharmaceutical sub-sector manufacturing company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2013-2018 Period. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling method, and five companies have conform of that criteria sampling. This research used multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS 23 software.The result of this research showed that (1) net income has influence on cash dividends (2) operating cash flow has influence on cash dividends.

scholarly journals International Harmonisation Of Accounting Standards: The Case For A Mandatory Requirement For The Direct Method Of Reporting Operating Cash Flows

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Yap
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Operating Cash Flows

Even though standard setters have now embraced cash flow statements there remains ambivalence as to the best format (i.e. direct or indirect method) for disclosing cash flow from operations. In 1987 the FASB asserted that information about the gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments is more relevant than information about the net amounts of cash receipts and payments. Yet apart from Australia and New Zealand, most standard setting bodies, including the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), permit a choice between the direct and indirect methods. When given this choice, the vast majority of companies have opted for the indirect method of reporting operating cash flows (OCFs).This difference in OCF presentation between jurisdictions is relevant in this era of harmonisation of accounting standards: both the European Union parliament and the Australian Financial Reporting Council have decided to set 2005 as the target date for the adoption of standards produced by the IASB. Underlying this policy of verbatim adoption of international accounting standards, presumably is the belief that adoption of standards issued by the IASB would lead to an improvement in financial reporting. Such a view was presented recently when current Australian accounting standards were criticised as being deplorable by the Chairman of the IASB, David Tweedie (Australian Financial Review, 5 August 2003, p.1). Yet by reviewing the literature on cash flow statements, this paper argues that not all Australian standards would be improved by adopting international standards. In the case of cash flow reporting, maybe the IASB should review its standard and accept the lead of Australia and New Zealand, by not permitting choice of method and mandate the direct method: surely an intended consequence of harmonisation is to narrow areas of difference and variety in accounting practice.

scholarly journals A Research Note On The Issue Of Non-Articulation And The Method Used To Calculate Net Operating Cash Flow

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Ward ◽  
Jon Woodroof ◽  
Benjamin P. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Using a proxy for nonarticulation, prior researchers found evidence that many companies using the indirect method of reporting net cash flow from operations have a significant level of nonarticulation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The purpose of this study is to determine if companies using the direct method of reporting net cash flow from operations experience significantly lower levels of nonarticulation than companies that use the indirect method of reporting net cash flow from operations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Results show that companies using the direct method have significantly less nonarticulation than companies using the indirect method.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>This finding suggests that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) should consider requiring companies to use the direct method of preparing the Statement of Cash Flows.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals The impacts of free cash surplus flows, audit quality and ownership on earnings management: The Jordan case

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mushref Salim Al-Omush ◽  
Ali Mohammad Al-Attar ◽  
Walid Muhammad Masadeh
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Fund Flows ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Cash Flow Statement ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows

This paper primarily aims to identify and evaluate the effect of Free Cash Surplus flows, Audit Quality and the ownership on Earnings Management. The study shows that financial distress has a significant impact on earnings management for samples on the Jordanian listed companies during (2003-2016). The Cash Flow Statement provides information on the flow of cash in and out of the organization over a specific period. It shows how an organization spends its money (cash outflows) as well as the source of the money (cash inflows). The Cash Flow Statement – additionally alluded to as the statement of cash flows or fund flows, which is one of the financial statements that is often utilized in the measurement of an organization’s financial performance and overall wellbeing. The study also investigates the prevalence of both accrual and base earnings management for the empirical corporate finance which claims that the better corporate governance constraints between earnings management and the relation of high free-cash -flows firms the more will the increase will be at the income management and the earnings management. Although, the research has addressed the issues of earnings management and the real activities handling; this research paper put these two issues together. The analysis provides a mixed support when using different earnings management detection models. The findings of this study could serve as a guideline to a proper and understanding of earnings management to public listed companies, regulators, and various stakeholders

scholarly journals The rules for the Cash Flow Statement in the International Financial Reporting Standard

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Anikó Türkössy
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Cash Flow Statement ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows

Cash flow statement may provide considerable information about what is really happening in a business beyond that contained in either the income statement or the balance sheet. Analyzing this statement should not present an intimidating task; instead it will quickly become obvious that the benefits of understanding the sources and uses of a company’s cash far outweigh the costs of undertaking some very straightforward analyses. The objective of IAS 7 is to require the presentation of information about the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of an entity by means of a statement of cash flows, which classifies cash flows during the period according to operating, investing, and financing activities.

scholarly journals ANALISIS LAPORAN ARUS KAS UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisilia Kaloh ◽  
Ventje Ilat ◽  
Sonny Pangerapan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
Cash Flow Statement

 A necessity for companies to include cash flow statements in financial statements. One analysis of financial performance using the cash flow statement is the ratio of cash flow statements. The purpose of this study was to find out the financial performance of six food and beverage companies during 2014-2017. This study uses the ratio analysis method. The ratio used in this study is the ratio of operating cash flows, the ratio of operating cash flow to interest, the ratio of capital expenditure, the ratio of total debt, and the ratio of cash flows to net income. From the results of calculations using the ratio analysis of cash flow reports obtained that from the six food and beverage companies namely PT. Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk, PT. Delta Djakarta Tbk, PT. Mayora Indah Tbk, PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk, PT. UltraJaya Milk Industry & Trading Company Tbk, PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk has a very good improvement, although not too high.Keywords: Cash flow statement, Operating cash flow, Cash flow ratio, Financial performance, Bursa Efek Indonesia

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