Modeling Discretionary Accrual Reversal and the Balance Sheet as an Earnings Management Constraint

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R Baber ◽  
Sok-Hyon Kang ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Earnings Forecasts ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Quarterly Earnings ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Management Context ◽  
Empirical Implications ◽  
Empirical Analyses

ABSTRACT This study presents conceptual and empirical analyses of discretionary accrual reversal in the earnings management context. We specifically focus on the extent that income-increasing (decreasing) discretionary accruals initiated in a prior period reverse to become income-decreasing (increasing) accruals in the current period. The analysis suggests that the extent that such reversals constrain the ability to manage toward earnings objectives depends on both the magnitude of past accrual-based earnings management and the reversal speed of past discretionary accruals. To demonstrate the empirical implications of the analysis, we consider discretionary accrual reversal speed as an additional determinant of the balance sheet constraint on earnings management (Barton and Simko 2002). We show that, conditional on the magnitude of net operating asset overstatement, the probability of achieving quarterly earnings forecasts varies inversely with reversal speed.

UKURAN KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK, DISCRETIONARY ACCRUALS DAN OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ravaela Amba Masiku ◽  
Christine Novita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Going Concern Opinion ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study is to examine auditor’s concervatism in term of their reaction to client’s earnings management behavior and their limitations to issue the going concern opinions (GCO). The population of this study consists of 672 observations from 69 companies are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during 2012-2017. The author used the modified Jones model to measure discretionary accruals as a proxy of earnings management. The results of this study indicate that size of audit firm has a positive effect to discretionary accrual. Companies that have been audited by the Big4 tend to apply discretionary accrual in their financial reporting than companies audited by Non-Big4. Further, to strenghten the first hypothesis, we examine the effect of discretionary accruals and going concern opinion on companies that audited by audit firms Big4 lower than companies that audited by audit firms Non-Big4. We found that the result is consistent with the first hypothesis. Keywords : auditor reputation, discretionary accruals, going concern opinion, audit firm  ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji konservatisme auditor dalam hal reaksi auditor terhadap akrual diskresioner yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan dan keterbatasan auditor untuk menerbitkan opini Going Concern (GC). Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 672 pengamatan dari 69 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama tahun 2012-2017. Penulis menggunakan model modifikasi Jones untuk mengukur akrual diskresioner sebagai proksi manajemen laba. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa ukuran kantor akuntan publik berpengaruh positif terhadap akrual diskresioner, hal tersebut diperkuat dengan pengaruh akrual diskresioner dan opini audit going concern yang diaudit oleh kantor akuntan publik Big4 lebih rendah dari perusahaan yang tidak diaudit oleh kantor akuntan publik Non-Big4. Kata kunci : reputasi auditor, akrual diskresioner, opini audit going concern, kantor akuntan publik

scholarly journals DETEKSI MANAJEMEN LABA MELALUI PERBEDAAN NILAI ABSOLUT AKRUAL DISKRESIONER SEPUTAR SEASONED EQUITY OFFERINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Djaja Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Seasoned Equity Offerings ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Equity Offerings ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstrak: Deteksi Manajemen Laba Melalui Perbedaan Nilai Absolut Akrual Diskresioner Seputar Seasoned Equity Offerings. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi praktik manajemen laba pada perusahaan yang melakukan aksi Seasoned Equity Offerings. Pendeteksian manajemen laba dilakukan melalui pengujian perbedaan nilai absolut akrual diskresioner sebelum dan sesudah aksi Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEO).  Penelitian ini melibatkan total 201 data observasi dari 67 sampel perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang melakukan Seasoned Equity Offerings selama periode 2008-2013 dan dipilih melalui metode purposive random sampling serta menggunakan data Laporan Keuangan periode 2004-2016. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai absolut akrual diskresioner dalam informasi laba perusahaan antara sebelum dengan sesudah melakukan Seasoned Equity Offerings.  Nilai absolut akrual diskresioner sebelum Seasoned Equity Offerings lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sesudah Seasoned Equity Offerings. Hal ini menunjukkan terjadinya praktik manajemen laba sebagai dampak asimetri informasi antara manajemen perusahaan dengan investor. Kata kunci: Asimetri informasi, Manajemen Laba, Nilai Absolut Akrual Diskresioner, Seasoned Equity Offerings Abstract: Detecting Earning Managemeng by Examining the Changes in Absolute Value of Discretionary Accrual in Relation to Seasoned Equity Offerings. This study aims to detect earnings management practices in companies that perform Seasoned Equity Offerings. Earnings management is detected by examining the change of absolute value of discretionary accrual before and after Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEO). This study utilises 201 observation data from 67 IDX-listed companies which conducted Seasoned Equity Offerings during 2008-2013. The samples were selected by purposive random sampling method and using the data from Financial Report 2004-2016 period. The test was performed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. This study found the absolute value of discretionary accruals before Seasoned Equity Offerings is greater than after Seasoned Equity Offerings. These earnings management practices as impact of information asymmetry between management and investors. Keywords: Information Asymmetry, Absolute Value of Discretionary Accruals, Earnings Management, Seasoned Equity Offerings

scholarly journals The Influence’s Analysis of Deferred Tax Expense, Current Tax and Discretionary Accrual towards Earnings Management (Survey in Manufactured Company Registered at Indonesia Stock Exchange in the Period of 2014 – 2018

Webology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-586
Author(s):  
Erike Anggraeni ◽  
Muslim Marpaung ◽  
Ersi Sisdianto ◽  
Bayu Tri Cahya ◽  
Muhammad Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
A Current ◽  
Tax Expense

The study aims to provide an overview of the influence of deferred tax expense, current tax and discretionary accruals to earnings management towards Earnings Management where it was caused by the temporary differences between accounting income and taxable profit. In this PSAK, there is a statement paragraph that can provide freedom of management in determining an earning in deferred tax of the difference between accounting standard and tax regulations in the amount of deferred tax payable related to accounting income in a current perioed or a current fiscal year. The amount of current tax is same with tax expense in SPT. The type of a method of this study is quantitative. Based on the hipothesis testing, it can be concluded that deferred tax expense and discretionary accruals have a significant positive influence toward earnings management while current tax has no significant positive towards Earnings Management in Manufactured Company registered at Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2014 – 2018. The limitation of this study is that it only discusses how much influence the deferred tax expense, current tax and discretionary accruals have on earnings management, as well as the number of samples and populations that are less than 100 samples, thus opening up opportunities for new researchers by adopting the same theme. The implications of this study are expected to be able to add to the state of knowledge relating to the effect of deferred tax expense, current tax and discretionary accruals on earnings management.

Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan Cross Listed Terhadap Discretionary Accruals Manajemen Laba Model Jones Modifikasi Dengan Legal Sistem Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi

MODUS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Cahyo Indraswono
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Listed Company ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
York Stock Exchange

Abstrak  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh struktur kepemilikan pada perusahaan cross listed terhadap discretionary accrual manajemen laba model Jones modifikasi dengan legal sistem sebagai variabel pemoderasi dalam hubungan antara struktur kepemilikan perusahaan cross listed dan discretionary accrual manajemen laba. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengggunakan sampel lima puluh perusahaan Asia yang terdaftar di New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) pada tahun 2011-2013. Salah satu indikator penilaian kinerja perusahaan adalah besarnya kompensasi yang diterima oleh manajer, hal ini menjadi motivasi tindakan manajemen laba. Tindakan manajemen laba dapat diminimalisasi dengan cara memonitor pihak manajemen dengan menggunakan proporsi kepemilikan oleh pihak luar di dalam perusahaan. Bagi perusahaan yang terdaftar di pasar modal asing (cross listed), legal sistem suatu negara diduga mampu memperkuat pengaruh struktur kepemilikan perusahaan terhadap tindakan manajemen laba karena negara dengan legal sistem yang baik mampu memperkecil kemungkinan tindakan manajemen laba. Manajemen laba diukur menggunakan model Jones yang dimodifikasi dengan discretionary accruals sebagai proksi dari manajemen laba.Alat uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah multiple regression. Penelitian ini memperoleh bukti bahwa struktur kepemilikan institusional perusahaan cross listed memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap discretionary accruals manajemen laba, sedangkan legal sistem tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh struktur kepemilikan perusahaan cross listed terhadap discretionary accruals manajemen laba yang dilakukan perusahaan. Hal ini terjadi karena pasar modal NYSE berada di negara dengan proteksi investor yang kuat sehingga legal sistem perusahaan Asia tersebut tidak mampu memperkuat pengaruh struktur kepemilikan terhadap tindakan manajemen laba. Kata kunci: Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan Cross Listed, Legal Sistem, Discretionary Accruals Manajemen Laba dan Model Jones Modifikasi.  Abstract This study aimed to get empirical evidence about the influence of ownership structure cross listed company on earnings management with the legal system as a moderating variable in the relationship between ownership structure cross listed company and discretionary accruals earnings management model Jones Modified. This research was carried out by using a sample of fifty Asian companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2011-2013. One indicator of corporate performance assessment is the amount of compensation received by the manager, where this can be the motivation of earnings management action. Earnings management measures can be minimized by monitoring the management by using the proportion of ownership by outsiders in the company. For companies listed on foreign capital markets, the legal system of a country believed to be able to strengthen the company's ownership structure influence on earnings management measures for countries with good legal system is able to minimize the likelihood of earnings management action. Earnings management is measured using the modified Jones models with discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management. Statistical test equipment used in this research is multiple regression. This study obtained evidence that the structure of institutional ownership cross listed company has a significant negative effect on discretionary accruals earnings management, while the legal system is not able to moderate the influence of ownership structure cross listed company on discretionary accruals earnings management of the company. This occurs because the NYSE stock market is in a country with strong investor protection that the legal system of the Asian company is not able to strengthen the influence of ownership structure on earnings management action. Keywords: Ownership Structure Cross Listed Company, Legal System, Discretionary Accruals Earnings Management and Modified Jones Model.

scholarly journals The Valuation Of Discretionary Accruals And Antitrust Merger Investigations

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Makar ◽  
Pervaiz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Earnings Components ◽  
Incremental Information ◽  
Management Context ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
The Impact

<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study explores the impact of managerial discretion on the information content of reported earnings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In particular, we extend the prior research by examining the pricing of discretionary accruals for firms subject to antitrust merger investigation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>To date, the empirical evidence on managerial discretion and earnings informativeness has been limited, and the pricing of discretionary accruals in the earnings management context of antitrust merger investigations has not been examined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>We address this gap in the literature, and provide results that are consistent with our expectations. Specifically, the evidence indicates that investigated firms&rsquo; discretionary accruals are priced by the stock market, and that such earnings components have incremental information content regarding future profitability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In contrast, as expected, the accruals of non-investigated firms are not value-relevant. </span></span></p>

Discretionary Accruals and Earnings Management: An Analysis of Pseudo Earnings Targets

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ayers ◽  
John (Xuefeng) Jiang ◽  
P. Eric Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Management Incentives ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Unexpected Earnings ◽  
Earnings Benchmarks ◽  
Earnings Targets

We investigate whether the positive associations between discretionary accrual proxies and beating earnings benchmarks hold for comparisons of groups segregated at other points in the distributions of earnings, earnings changes, and analystsbased unexpected earnings. We refer to these points as “pseudo” targets. Results suggest that the positive association between discretionary accruals and beating the profit benchmark extends to pseudo targets throughout the earnings distribution. We find similar results for the earnings change distribution. In contrast, we find few positive associations between discretionary accruals and beating pseudo targets derived from analysts-based unexpected earnings. We develop an additional analysis that accounts for the systematic association between discretionary accruals and earnings and earnings changes. Results suggest that the positive association between discretionary accruals and earnings intensifies around the actual profit benchmark (i.e., where earnings management incentives may be more pronounced). We find similar effects around the actual earnings increase benchmark. However, analogous patterns exist for cash flows around the profit and earnings increase benchmarks. In sum, we are unable to eliminate other plausible explanations for the associations between discretionary accruals and beating the profit and earnings increase benchmarks.

scholarly journals What is earning management in sharia bank lower than conventional bank?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nurianah Nurianah
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Earning Management ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Conventional Banks

<p><strong>Purpose</strong> - This study is to examine the effect of sharia status on the level of earning management in Banking Companies in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Method</strong> - This study use pooled data regression analysis and independent sample t-test to test the level of earning management between Islamic banks and non-Islamic banks. We use sample of Islamic banks and non-Islamic banks in Indonesia in the year 2009-2013.</p><p><strong>Result</strong> - We find the Islamic banks employ less earning management than non-Islamic banks. The results show that, as hypothesised, Islamic banks status has a significant negative association with earning management in regression model. This Suggest that Islamic banks have lower discressionary accrual than non-Islamic banks ans Islamic ethics palys monitoring role in reducing managerial opportunistic behaviors to manage earnings by discretionary accruals.</p><p><strong>Implication</strong> - At least the sample in this study was due to the limited number of Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia. The discretionary accrual model used in this study may not be able to detect earnings management properly, so that there is a need to readjust other models related to earnings management.</p><p><strong>Originality</strong> - Earnings management has become a global issue, but for Islamic banking based on religious principles, the practice of earnings management can be minimized or eliminated. Then provide information about the high and low earnings management in banks, especially Islamic and conventional banking in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Earnings Management: An Advantage or Disadvantage?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Paulina Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Price Discounts ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Operating Cash Flows

Objective - The purpose of this research is to examine the consequences of accrual based earnings management and real earnings management on future operating performance.The firms studied engage in accrual-based earnings management with discretionary accrual measures using the modified Jones model and some of the following real earnings management activities: (1) Sales manipulation that accelerates the timing of sales through increased price discounts or cutting prices to boost sales in the current period; and/or (2) cutting of discretionary expenditures to increase income in the current period. Furthermore, the study examines the extent to which discretionary accrual and real earnings management affects subsequent operating performance (as measured by both return on assets and operating cash flows). Methodology/Technique - The sample manufacturing firms that engage in financial statement were listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2014. The hypothesis testing method used in this research is multiple regression linear. Findings - The results suggest that accrual-based earnings management, with discretionary accrual measures, and real earnings management through sales manipulation and discretionary expenditures are positively associated with return on assets after one and two years. Meanwhile, accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management through sales manipulation enhances subsequent operating cash flows. However, real earnings management through discretionary expenditures does not influence operating cash flows. Novelty - This research contributes to the existing literature on the subsequent impact of accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Discretionary Accrual; Sales Manipulation; Discretionary Expenditure; Return on Assets; Operating Cash Flows JEL Classification: M21, M41.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL DISTRESS, EARNINGS MANAGEMENT DAN PENILAIAN PASAR TERKAIT PERIODE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA INDUSTRI JASA YANG GO PUBLIC DI BEI PERIODE 2010-2013)

CALYPTRA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Susan Alvina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Jones Model

ABSTRAK - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan financial distress, earnings management dan penilaian pasar selama periode global financial crisis. Sampel yang digunakan berupa badan usaha go public yang bergerak di industri jasa yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) (kecuali sektor keuangan) pada periode 2010-2013. Prosedur pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa purposive judgemental. Pengukuran earnings management mengacu pada Modified Jones Model dalam penelitian Dechow et al. (1995) dengan mengunakan proksi Discretionary Accruals Model. Sedangkan perhitungan nilai diskriminan dan pengklasifikasian badan usaha ke dalam kategori badan usaha financial distress maupun badan usaha non financial distress berdasarkan penelitian McKeown et al. (1991), Hopwood et al. (1994), dan Mutchler et al. (1997). Selain itu, perhitungan return saham mengacu pada Habib, Bhuiyan dan Islam (2012) dan Ross et al. (2003, hal. 238). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara financial distress dengan earnings management. Temuan yang kedua menunjukkan bahwa periode global financial crisis tidak mampu memoderasi hubungan financial distress dengan earnings management. Temuan ketiga menunjukkan adanya penilaian pasar terhadap discretionary accrual pada distressed firm tidaklah berbeda dengan non distressed firm selama periode global financial crisis. Kata kunci : Financial Distress, Global Financial Crisis, Earnings Management, Return Saham.

The Perils of Pensions: Does Pension Accounting Lead Investors and Analysts Astray?

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Picconi
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Earnings Forecasts ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Pension Accounting ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Future Earnings ◽  
Quarterly Earnings ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Funded Status

This paper explores the ability of investors and analysts to fully process available pension information when establishing prices and making earnings forecasts. I find that neither prices nor forecasts fully reflect the quantifiable future earnings effects of changes in pension information at the time it becomes publicly available in the firm's 10-K. Instead, the evidence suggests that investors and analysts only gradually incorporate this information into prices and forecasts as they observe the effects of the pension plan changes on subsequent quarterly earnings. The persistent tardiness of analysts to incorporate this relevant and economically significant information about earnings is surprising given that they are provided with pension information on a repeated and timely basis. Additionally, I find that the off-balance-sheet portion of the pension plan's funded status and the PBO are predictive of future returns while the on-balance-sheet portion of the funded status is not. This implies that investors do not accurately assess the long-run cash flow and earnings implications of these off-balance-sheet pension disclosures. The compensation rate is also predictive of future returns suggesting that it signals management's expectation of future performance.

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