Characteristics of Accounting Standards and SEC Review Comments

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff P. Boone ◽  
Cheryl L. Linthicum ◽  
April Poe
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Accounting Estimates

SYNOPSIS As mandated by Sarbanes-Oxley, the SEC reviews the financial reports of public companies and challenges the appropriateness of accounting that seems questionable or unclear. We investigate whether the likelihood of an SEC comment (challenge), and the time needed to resolve such comments, depends upon either of two characteristics of the underlying accounting standard—rules and accounting estimates. We find that the probability of an SEC comment increases with the rules-based characteristics in the standard, but find little evidence that time to resolution is related to such characteristics. We also find that the extent of estimates required to implement the standard is positively associated with both the probability of an SEC comment and the time to resolve the comment. Our findings should help inform the debate over the appropriate level of rules and estimates in GAAP, and are especially timely in light of the potential convergence between more rules-based U.S. GAAP and more principles-based IFRS GAAP. Data Availability: Data are available from public sources.

scholarly journals Regulatory Spillovers in Common Audit Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 3389-3411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Duguay ◽  
Michael Minnis ◽  
Andrew Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Demand Shock ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Audit Market ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Audit Fee ◽  
Short Run

We find that Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX) had two significant effects on the audit market for nonpublic entities. The first short-run effect stems from inelastic labor supply coupled with an audit demand shock from public companies. As a result, private companies reduced their use of attested financial reports in bank financing by 12%, and audit fee increases for nonprofit organizations (NPOs) more than doubled. The second long-run effect was a transformation in the audit supply structure. After SOX, NPOs were less likely to match with auditors most exposed to public companies, whereas auditors increasingly specialized their offices based on client type. Audit market concentration for NPOs dropped by more than one-half within five years of SOX and remained at this level through the end of our sample in 2013, whereas the number of suppliers increased by 26%. Our results demonstrate how regulation directed at public companies generates economically important spillovers for nonpublic entities. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS FOR LEASE VALUATION AND ACCOUNTING IN LATVIA

10.23856/3301 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Iluta Arbidane ◽  
Anita Puzule
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Accounting Standard

In the legislation of the Republic of Latvia, leasing transaction accounting complies with the provisions no. 17 of the International Accounting Standard "Leasing", which expired on January 1, 2019. The problem for the lessee in the accounting of leasing transactions is also the introduction of a new standard for companies that prepare annual financial reports  in accordance with the requirements of international accounting standards. The aim of the study is to examine accounting problems and assess leasing transactions in Latvia and offer solutions. The study examined the justification for the assessment and accounting of leasing transactions in line with international accounting standards and identified issues of assessment and reporting in Latvia, possible solutions to improve the quality of leasing transactions have been worked out, offering necessary changes in legislation and revision of methodological documents.

scholarly journals Analisis penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintahan untuk belanja pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Manado

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Jefri Fanuel Motoh ◽  
Jantje J Tinangon ◽  
Jessy D. L Warongan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
State Finance ◽  
The Government

Government Accounting Standards is an accounting standard established to increase transparency in the management of state finances so that the use of state finance becomes more targeted and avoids various kinds of government financial misuse. The benefits of applying accrual-based Government Accounting Standards certainly make it easier for the government to evaluate financial reports on government performance, especially on human resources. The purpose of this study was to determine for expenditure at the Manado City Health Office in accordance with the application of accrual-bassed Government Accounting Standards. The results of the study on the Manado City in Public Health Agency have carried out the implementation of Government Accounting Standards for expenditure (cost realization), and accrual-based regulations have been implemented in accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 64 of 2013.

scholarly journals FASB's Not-for-Profit Financial Reporting Project: Analysis of Letters to ASU 2016-14 Exposure Draft

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75
Author(s):  
Donald R. Deis ◽  
Arpita Shroff
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit

ABSTRACT In 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Exposure Draft (ED) as part of its first significant project in over 20 years on financial reporting by Not-for-Profit organizations (NFP). In this study, we categorize the 264 letters received on the ED by the type of respondent and analyze the responses using ANOVA, multiple comparisons tests, and multidimensional scaling. Ultimately, as Phase 1 of its NFP project, FASB issued accounting standards update (ASU) 2016-14 containing proposed changes supported by a majority of the respondents to the ED. The Board deferred recommended changes with less support from respondents to Phase 2 of the project. Although constituents often accuse accounting standard setters of standards-overload and for being unresponsive to their comments (Herz 2003), our findings indicate otherwise. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: G00; L31; M40.

Accounting estimates as the most important factor in the formation of the book value of accounting objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 848-867
Author(s):  
Irina A. LISOVSKAYA ◽  
Natal'ya G. TRAPEZNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Accounting Estimates ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
And Training

Subject. This article discusses the category of Accounting Estimates, which is important from the methodological and practical points of view, including the upcoming transition to Federal Accounting Standard 6/2020 (FAS 6/2020) – Property, Plant and Equipment. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the essence of the category of Accounting Estimates, including from the standpoint of the transformation of these estimates and their impact on the book value of fixed assets accounted for in accordance with FAS 6/2020. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of systems analysis and generalization. Results. Using some cases of transactions in fixed assets, the article shows that before the transition to FAS 6/2020, it is necessary to analyze which accounting estimates may get changed and how these changes will affect the dynamics of depreciation elements and financial statements indicators. Conclusions and Relevance. One of the reasons for the likelihood of practical difficulties associated with the justification and correct reflection of accounting estimates is the lack of knowledge of regulatory documents and international accounting practices. Therefore, it is advisable to prepare methodological recommendations on the reflection of changes in accounting estimates, given the upcoming transition to new accounting standards, and expand the practice of effective implementation of IFRS. The results of the study are intended for scientific and practical activities and training of specialists in the field of accounting, as well as the development of proposals for improving the Russian accounting methodology, focused on convergence with current international practice.

Financial Engineering and the Arms Race Between Accounting Standard Setters and Preparers

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Dye ◽  
Jonathan C. Glover ◽  
Shyam Sunder
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Engineering ◽  
General Theorem ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Goal Congruence ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The Face ◽  
Representational Faithfulness

SYNOPSIS This essay analyzes some problems that accounting standard setters confront in erecting barriers to managers bent on boosting their firms' financial reports through financial engineering (FE) activities. It also poses some unsolved research questions regarding interactions between preparers and standard setters. It starts by discussing the history of lease accounting to illustrate the institutional disadvantage of standard setters relative to preparers in their speeds of response. Then, the essay presents a general theorem that shows that, independent of how accounting standards are written, it is impossible to eliminate all FE efforts of preparers. It also discusses the desirability of choosing accounting standards on the basis of the FE efforts the standards induce preparers to engage in. Then, the essay turns to accounting boards' concepts statements; it points out that no concept statement recognizes the general lack of goal congruence between preparers and standard setters in their desires to produce informative financial statements. We also point out the relative lack of concern in recent concept statements for the representational faithfulness of the financial reporting of transactions. The essay asserts that these oversights may be responsible, in part, for standard setters promulgating recent standards that result in difficult-to-audit financial reports. The essay also discusses factors other than accounting standards that contribute to FE, including the high-powered incentives of managers, the limited disclosures and/or information sources outside the face of firms' financial statements about a firm's FE efforts, firms' principal sources of financing, the increasing complexity of transactions, the difficulties in auditing certain transactions, and the roles of the courts and culture. The essay ends by proposing some other recommendations on how standards can be written to reduce FE. JEL Classifications: M31.

scholarly journals DIVERSIFIKASI USAHA DAN MANAJEMEN LABA DENGAN PENDEKATAN CONDITIONAL REVENUE MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Matthew Haryanto ◽  
Lina Lina
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Revenue Model

Generally, go public companies are belong to large-scale companies or even international ones. Mostly those companies have more than one business divisions, therefore the financial reports might be published in more than one segments. According to Financial Accounting Standard 5, the company financial reports can be distinguished between geographical segments and operating segments. This study aims to give the empirical evidence about the influence of the business diversification towards earnings management. The amount of the geography segments and the operating segments are used as proxy to represent the business diversification. The earnings management is measured by conditional revenue model. The data is collected from the company annual reports by accessing through Indonesia Stock Exchange website for period 2011-2013. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. Data analysis used multiple linear regressions. The result of the study shows that the geography segments have no influence on the earnings management, meanwhile the operating segments have positive influence on earnings management.

scholarly journals Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on FASB Exposure Draft of Proposed Accounting Standard Update: Notes to Financial Statements (Topic 235): Assessing Whether Disclosures Are Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. C1-C9
Author(s):  
Urton L. Anderson ◽  
Marcus M. Doxey ◽  
Marshall A. Geiger ◽  
Willie E. Gist ◽  
Diane J. Janvrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Stated Objective ◽  
Auditing Standards ◽  
The Way

SUMMARY On September 24, 2015 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) solicited public comments on a proposed Accounting Standards Update of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The stated objective is to improve the effectiveness of footnote disclosures to financial statement users. The focus of the Update is to clarify the way materiality should be considered when assessing requirements for providing information in the notes. The comment period ended on December 8, 2015. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on these amendments. Data Availability: The exposure draft of Proposed Accounting Standard Update: Notes to Financial Statements (Topic 235): Assessing Whether Disclosures Are Material is available at: http://www.fasb.org/cs/ContentServer?c= Document_C&pagename=FASB%2FDocument_C%2FDocumentPage&cid=1176166402325

The Public Company Whistleblowing Environment: Perceptions of a Wrongful Act and Monetary Attitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa G. Brink ◽  
D. Jordan Lowe ◽  
Lisa M. Victoravich
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Fraudulent Financial Reporting ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Securities Law ◽  
Anonymous Reporting ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
External Reporting

ABSTRACT The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and Dodd-Frank Acts created a unique environment for whistleblowing at public companies. SOX requires public companies to establish anonymous reporting channels, and Dodd-Frank outlines substantial monetary incentives for reporting securities law violations directly to the SEC. In response to these provisions, this study examines whether the type of securities law violation (fraudulent financial reporting versus insider trading), individuals' psychological assessments of the wrongdoing, and individuals' monetary attitude influence intentions to report to an internal hotline and to the SEC. We find internal reporting is driven by increased perceptions of responsibility to report a wrongful act, whereas external reporting to the SEC is driven by increased perceptions of seriousness regarding the wrongful act. Finally, we find that individuals' attitude toward money explains reporting intentions; however, we do not find any evidence that monetary attitude leads to increased reporting to the SEC. Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from the authors upon request.

scholarly journals Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Staff Consultation Paper, Auditing Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. C1-C11 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Abernathy ◽  
Karl E. Hackenbrack ◽  
Jennifer R. Joe ◽  
Mikhail Pevzner ◽  
Yi-Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fair Value ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Auditing Standards ◽  
Accounting Estimates ◽  
Fair Value Measurements ◽  
Consultation Paper

SUMMARY Recently, the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) solicited public comments on its Staff Consultation Paper Auditing Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on the various questions asked in the PCAOB Staff Consultation Paper. Our comments submitted to the PCAOB appear below. Data Availability: The invitation to comment (which invited comments through November 4, 2014), with links to the consultation paper, is available at: http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Pages/SCP _ Accounting _ Estimates _ Fair_Value.aspx

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