Structural Innovation and Structural Design in Renaissance Architecture

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Leon Battista Alberti ◽  
Renaissance Architecture ◽  
Structural Innovation ◽  
Barrel Vaults

The characteristic structural forms of large Renaissance churches-domes, drums, pendentives, and barrel vaults-were the products of innovation in theory and practice during the later fifteenth century in Italy that culminated in Bramante's projects for the new Saint Peter's. Significant ideas were contributed by Leon Battista Alberti, Francesco di Giorgio, and Leonardo da Vinci. Francesco di Giorgio's geometrical methods of design for churches as described in his second treatise incorporate a procedure for calculating the thickness of walls bearing vaults. Francesco di Giorgio tested the procedure in his own churches, and it was later used by Bramante.

Fail-Safe Structural Design

1958 ◽  
Vol 62 (569) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Harpur
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Fail Safe

Around the end of the fifteenth century were written what must have been about the first set of airworthiness requirements ever compiled. These were notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci in which he discussed the physics of flight and the design of flying machines. In one of these notebooks he wrote:—“ In constructing wings one should make one cord to bear the strain and a looser one in the same position so that if the one breaks under the strain the other is in position to serve the same function.”

scholarly journals Anatomy of a Dispute: Leonardo, Pacioli and Scientific Courtly Entertainment in Renaissance Milan

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Azzolini
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Social Advancement

AbstractHistorians have recently paid increasing attention to the role of the disputation in Italian universities and humanist circles. By contrast, the role of disputations as forms of entertainment at fifteenth-century Italian courts has been somewhat overlooked. In this article, the Milanese "scientific duel" (a courtly disputation) described in Luca Pacioli's De divina proportione is taken as a vantage point for the study of the dynamics of scientific patronage and social advancement as reflected in Renaissance courtly disputes. Pacioli names Leonardo da Vinci as one of the participants in the Milanese dispute. In this paper I argue that Leonardo's Paragone and Pacioli's De divina proportione are likewise the outcome of the Milanese "scientific duel." By challenging the traditional hierarchy of the arts, they both exemplify the dynamics of social and intellectual promotion of mathematicians and artists in the privileged setting of Renaissance courts, where courtly patronage could subvert the traditional disciplinary rankings.

The influence of ancient Greek thought on fifteenth century anatomy: Galenic influence and Leonardo da Vinci

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Isaiah Tubbs ◽  
Jocelyn Gonzales ◽  
Joe Iwanaga ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Rod J. Oskouian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Thought

The Mechanization of Design in the 16th Century: The Structural Formulae of Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Luis Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fundamental Identity ◽  
Geometric Thinking ◽  
Structural Formulae

The existing fragments of an architectural booklet by the 16th-century Spanish architect Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón reveal an ingenious attempt to systematize the design process by creating a sequence of formulaic procedures to be followed in ecclesiastical projects. The formulae are addressed to two more or less separate issues. The first is to synthesize Gothic and Classic proportioning methods, and demonstrate their fundamental identity. The second is to establish an independent "science" of structural design. Aside from the more theoretical writings of Leonardo da Vinci, the work of Rodrigo Gil is the principal evidence extant for the development of structural thinking among 16th-century master masons. Seven formulae discussed here are concerned with the correct depth of a buttress to support an arch or a rib vault. The formulae do not seem to have been derived through theoretical analysis, using the medieval Scientia de Ponderibus. Rather they are the result of new experimentation and traditional Gothic geometric thinking applied to classical arches, and of new arithmetic procedures applied to Gothic rib vaults.

scholarly journals A Renascença e a tecnologia/Renaissance and Technology

2015 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Hertz Wendel de Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Leon Battista Alberti

Os estudos da perspectiva na pintura renascentista, por Leon Battista Alberti e Leonardo Da Vinci, foram um grande avanço técnico para a representação da realidade. As pesquisas do matemático italiano Fibonacci, no século XIII, revelaram que a natureza se organiza em torno de sequências numéricas, indicando uma proporção equilibrada que tem como produto, para o olhar humano, a sensação de beleza, simetria, perfeição. Chamada de “Proporção Áurea” ou “Divina Proporção”. Essa descoberta matemática trouxe à arte todo um conhecimento articulado com a ciência para manipular sentidos e criar a ilusão da terceira dimensão no plano bidimensional do quadro, a profundidade [...].

scholarly journals Methodology of Trainings in the Scope of Health and Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Leszek Kiełtyka
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Binary Relations ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
European Programme

AbstractThe paper stresses the importance of trainings in the scope of Health and Safety, in this H&S management in the functioning H&S systems of contemporary enterprises. The author also presents the principles of training, including H&S training, considering: demonstrativeness, accessibility, awareness of social responsibility, regularity, knowledge durability and binary relations between theory and practice.The underlying objective of the paper is to present training methods in the scope of Health and Safety. These methods have been aggregated in two groups: explanatory methods and activating methods. Referring to the research conducted within the European programme Leonardo da Vinci „H&S management system in enterprise – introductory module” the author has summarised the criteria for selecting teaching methods with regard to: goals and content of training process, diversification of participants in training groups in the scope of H&S, skills of the trainer and organisational conditions. Moreover, training methods in the scope of H&S have been aggregated, being highly adjusted and reflecting actual professional activities – carried out activities and potential threats that occur at the work post, in the enterprises of training participants. These methods have been characterised considering the following aspects: learning goals, educational resources, organisational conditions and examples of pursued contents.

Modern Developments in the Helicopter

1931 ◽  
Vol 35 (247) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Liptrot
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Académie Des Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Model ◽  
Physical Principles

The problem of the helicopter is one which has intrigued inventors for centuries, and which has perhaps attracted more attention and effort than any other phase of design of heavier-than-air craft.Even as far back as the fifteenth century we find Leonardo da Vinci devoting several years of his life to studying- bird and mechanical flight, and he has left many sketches showing- flying machines. Of particular interest to us is a design showing- an aircraft consisting of a sustaining screw driven about a vertical axis.The first helicopter actually to fly was a small model, little more than a toy, which was shown before the French Academie des Sciences in 1784 by Launay and Bienvenue, and since that time literally thousands of schemes have been proposed by inventors all over the world. The patent files of all countries are full of helicopter specifications, the greater part of them being based on faulty physical principles, and obviously impracticable.

scholarly journals The Comparative Genius of Leonardo de Vinci and R. Buckminster Fuller

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lange ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Tensegrity Structures ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Geodesic Domes ◽  
Buckminster Fuller

Without question Leonardo da Vinci has been recognized as the Renaissance genius of the fifteenth century due to the various inventions and structures he designed during his lifetime. The twentieth century is rapidly reaching its conclusion and it appears that the outstanding inventor of this time period has been R. Buckminster Fuller due to his inventions in geodesic domes and tensegrity structures. The author wishes to compare the philosophical and intellectual inventions of these two creative giants and arrive at conclusions based upon their methods of creativity, problem solving and the similarity of their physical or mechanical explorations.

Replication of Internal Biological Surfaces

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
J. A. Nowell ◽  
J. Pangborn ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Biological Surfaces ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Lung And Kidney ◽  
Scanning Electron

Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, used injection replica techniques to study internal surfaces of the cerebral ventricles. Developments in replicating media have made it possible for modern morphologists to examine injection replicas of lung and kidney with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Deeply concave surfaces and interrelationships to tubular structures are difficult to examine with the SEM. Injection replicas convert concavities to convexities and tubes to rods, overcoming these difficulties.Batson's plastic was injected into the renal artery of a horse kidney. Latex was injected into the pulmonary artery and cementex in the trachea of a cat. Following polymerization the tissues were removed by digestion in concentrated HCl. Slices of dog kidney were aldehyde fixed by immersion. Rat lung was aldehyde fixed by perfusion via the trachea at 30 cm H2O. Pieces of tissue 10 x 10 x 2 mm were critical point dried using CO2. Selected areas of replicas and tissues were coated with silver and gold and examined with the SEM.

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