The Administration, Collection and Distribution of Tithes in the Archbishopric of Mexico, 1800-1860

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Costeloe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The System of tithe collection in operation in the Archbishopric of Mexico at the beginning of the nineteenth century was the result of a gradual process of change and development throughout the colonial period. In the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the responsibility for the collection and distribution of the tithes had rested both with the Church and the viceregal authorities. However, as soon as the yield was thought to be sufficient to maintain the diocese without royal subsidy, the Church was left to organize the collection. The territory covered by the see was divided into a number of areas and the right to levy tithes within these was auctioned to the highest bidder. This method was only allowed in respect of the tithes paid by the Spaniards and mestizos, for those of the Indians had to be collected directly. This latter collection was carried out on behalf of the Church by two canons who were given the title of Jueces Hacedores. Soon the Church began to extend the system of direct collection and the areas that were farmed out became fewer and fewer until finally the last one was abolished in 1782. As the revenue increased with the development of the colony, an administrative organization was evolved.

Careers and Disappointments in the Late-Medieval Church: Some English Evidence

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. McHardy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Plate Glass ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

‘He looked up at the pleasant plate-glass in the windows of the house of his friend the dean, and told himself how, in their college days, he and the dean had been quite equal—quite equal, except that by the voices of all qualified judges in the university he, Mr. Crawley, had been acknowledged to be the riper scholar. And now the Mr. Arabin of those days was the Dean of Barchester … while he, Crawley, was the perpetual curate of Hogglestock.’ The Last Chronicle of Barset is the story of a model clergyman, ‘a hard-working conscientious pastor’ and ‘still a scholar’ long after he had left university, who had never gained lucrative preferment. Yet this novel, as all those in the Barchester sequence, abounds with clerics of modest intellect and minimal spirituality whose benefices afforded extremely comfortable livelihoods. In short, the novel reminds us forcibly that a career in the Church was, in the nineteenth century, a gamble; the greatest rewards did not always go to the most deserving, but to those with the right connections through which they obtained the most lucrative positions.

The Shaking of the Seven Hills

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-455
Author(s):  
P. D. L. Avis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Anglican Theology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The doctrine of justification, for Luther the articulus stantis aut cadentis ecclesiae, was for the authors of the report Doctrine in the Church of England (1938) not worth mentioning. Here, however, the members of the Archbishops' Commission on Christian Doctrine were not representative of the Anglican tradition as a whole which has not been remiss in attending to the matter of justification. The doctrine presents a challenge to the Anglican attempt to find a via media and there are pronounced oscillations of emphasis in the Anglican tradition on this question, represented by Bishop Bull and J. H. Newman on the right and Hooker and F. D. Maurice on the left. Newman's Lectures on Justification provoked further efforts to find a synthesis and led, by the end of the nineteenth century, to a restatement of the doctrine of justification within Anglican theology, which though in certain respects catholic in form, was definitely evangelical in spirit.

The Eschatology of the Eos-Circle

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Paul Gottfried
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
German Culture ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Madame De Stael ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Church

Madame de Staël, in her monumental study of German culture, L'Allemagne, wrote of the Catholic church at the dawn of the nineteenth century: “Today, standing disarmed, it has the majesty of an aged lion which formerly made the universe tremble.”1 The French empire, continuing the policy of the revolution, confiscated ecclesiastical property wherever it expanded. By 1804 Napoleon distributed the church's land in Germany—which had been the most extensive in her possession of any country in Christendom—among his client rulers on the right bank of the Rhine.2 All over Europe princes were dissolving monastic communities in order to make their revenues available to the state. Perhaps the church suffered her crowning indignity in 1809, when Napoleon responded to a dispute with the pope by making him his prisoner.

Nationality and liberty, protestant and catholic: Robert Southey’s Book of the Church

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 409-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheridan Gilley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Human Race ◽  
English History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The Victorian liberal Roman catholic historian lord Acton thought that the history of the world was one of the growth of liberty. By liberty, he meant national independence and freedom of speech and worship, the liberties of nineteenth-century liberalism: and in his conception of the past, he drew on the whig interpretation of English history as a conflict between a progressive tradition and a reactionary one: between churches, parties and classes representing either freedom or authority. The classic statement of the idea is the whig lord Macaulay’s in 1835:Each of those great and ever-memorable struggles, Saxon against Norman, Villein against Lord, Protestant against Papist, Roundhead against Cavalier, Dissenter against Churchman, Manchester against Old Sarum, was, in its own order and season, a struggle, on the result of which were staked the dearest interests of the human race; and every man who, in the contest which, in his time, divided our country distinguished himself on the right side, is entitled to our gratitude and respect.

Restructuring Confirmation

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Robert Osmer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Education ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Church

“Revivalism's erosion of the norms traditionally associated with Reformation commitment to catechetical instruction was a gradual process. … By the end of the nineteenth century, the Sunday School had become the dominant form of Christian education. … Slowly but surely, confirmation has come to be seen as a time when individuals explore their faith and decide for themselves whether or not they will continue to participate in the church. … A new series of liturgical-teaching practices must be formulated, harking back to traditional forms of catechetical instruction for children or the adult catechumenate of the ancient church.”

The New England Contribution to Colonial American Presbyterianism

1948 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Trinterud
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Church History ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Church

The contributions made to American Presbyterianism during the colonial period by those of its members who were of New England stock have never been adequately recognized. For various reasons this contribution was so greatly minimized during the nineteenth century that even today an essentially false picture of the origins of American Presbyterianism has become currently accepted. Typical of the nineteenth-century propaganda which was later to be accepted as fact, was the attitude of Samuel Miller, the first professor of Church History at Princeton Seminary. In 1833, Miller wrote a series of open letters to Presbyterians as part of the Old School party's polemic against the New England element in the Church.

Church

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Kai Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Vatican I ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Dogmatic truth claims historically played a decisive role in shaping the identities of the various branches and denominations of Christianity. The demise of traditional metaphysics through the rise of modern epistemologies during the Enlightenment led to reformulations of ecclesiology in the nineteenth century. This chapter offers a selective survey of these reformulations. Under Kant’s shadow, Schleiermacher and Hegel defended the right-of-residence of the Church in this world while concurring that doctrinal truth claims could no longer be considered the ground and purpose of the Church. Another reactionary strand of nineteenth-century ecclesiology, evident in the Oxford Movement and Vatican I, responded to the onslaught of modern incredulities towards ecclesial dogmas by attempting to restore the primacy of theological ontology over epistemology.

scholarly journals Czas udzielania chrztu, bierzmowanie, częstość spowiedzi w diecezji augustowskiej czyli sejneńskiej i łomżyńskiej

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-66
Author(s):  
Witold Jemielity
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
Religious Dogma ◽  
Church Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

In the Catholic Church it is a religious dogma that Jesus Christ established Holy Sacraments, therefore they are constant. Whereas, practising of these sacraments by the congregation is defined by the Church common law and regional Church law, moreover, there are local and country habits added. Regulations of both kinds of law, common and regional, have changed within the centuries, what influenced the time, place and way of practising sacraments. The author showed these changes as regards the time of the child’s baptism after his birth, Confirmation and frequency of confession. In the nineteenth century the child had to be baptized until he was three days old, later it was eight days after his birth and in the midway period parents brought their children to be baptized in the period of two weeks. After the IIWW this period was much longer and reached even several months. For many centuries Confirmation seemed to be forgotten. The Bishop’s vicarious visited their Parishes and, despite being priests, they did not have the right to practise this sacrament. Considerable change as regards confirmation was introduced in the twentieth century. Sacraments of penance were associated especially with the Easter time. Numerous representants of the congregation confessed and received the Holy Communion once a year. More frequent confession and repeated receiving of the Holy Communion have become more and more popular in the several past decades.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

The Township, the Pregnant Girl and the Church: Community Dynamics, Gender and Social Control in Early Nineteenth-century Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Church Discipline ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Female Community ◽  
The Church ◽  
Unmarried Girl

In 1814 in a small Highland township an unmarried girl, ostracised by her neighbours, gave birth. The baby died. The legal precognition permits a forensic, gendered examination of the internal dynamics of rural communities and how they responded to threats to social cohesion. In the Scottish ‘parish state’ disciplining sexual offences was a matter for church discipline. This case is situated in the early nineteenth-century Gàidhealtachd where and when church institutions were less powerful than in the post-Reformation Lowlands, the focus of most previous research. The article shows that the formal social control of kirk discipline was only part of a complex of behavioural controls, most of which were deployed within and by communities. Indeed, Scottish communities and churches were deeply entwined in terms of personnel; shared sexual prohibitions; and in the use of shaming as a primary method of social control. While there was something of a ‘female community’, this was not unconditionally supportive of all women nor was it ranged against men or patriarchal structures.

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