Sleight of Hand: Brazilian and American Authors Manipulate the Brazilian Racial Situation, 1910–1951

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Rout
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
The West ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
To Come ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Tropical South America

In June, 1908, Sir Harry Johnston, explorer, historian, diplomat and African colonial administrator, wrote to Theodore Roosevelt expressing a desire to come to the New World. In Johnston’s own words,What I want to learn is the present condition and possible prospects of the Negro in North America, the West Indies and tropical South America.This English Lord had written extensively about blacks in Africa, and while his knowledge of racial and historical conditions in the two Americas was hardly profound, his reputation opened doors that might otherwise have been hermetically sealed. Roosevelt’s reply was recognition of this fact:

NOTES ON SOME GENERA OF CANADIAN INSECTS

1872 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Francis Walker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
The Earth

The geographical distribution of Smicra differs much from that of Leucospis. Unlike the latter genus, which is spread thinly and somewhat equally over the warm and temperate regions of the earth, Smicra, with very few exceptions, is limited to the New World, where there are some species in North America, many in Mexico and in the West Indies, and great abundance in the tropical parts of South America, and the genus has thus much more influence than Leucospis in regulating, by means of transfer, the increase of other insect tribes.

The milliped family Platyrhacidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea) in the West Indies: Proposal of Hoffmanorhacus n. gen.; description and illustrations of males of Proaspis aitia Loomis, 1941; redescription of Nannorrhacus luciae (Pocock, 1894); hypotheses on origins and affinities; and an updated New World familial distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3626 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROWLAND M. SHELLEY ◽  
DANIELA MARTINEZ-TORRES
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Insular Populations

In the New World, the milliped family Platyrhacidae (Polydesmida) is known or projected for Central Americasouth of southeastern Nicaraguaand the northern ¼ of South America, with disjunct, insular populations on Hispaniola(Haiti), Guadeloupe(Basse-Terre), and St. Lucia. Male near-topotypes enable redescription of Proaspis aitia Loomis, 1941, possibly endemic to the western end of the southern Haitian peninsula. The tibiotarsus of its biramous gonopodal telopodite bends strongly laterad, and the medially directed solenomere arises at midlength proximal to the bend. With a uniramous telopodite, P. sahlii Jeekel, 1980, on Guadeloupe, is not congeneric, and Hoffmanorhacus, n. gen., is erected to accommodate it. Nannorrhacus luciae (Pocock, 1894), onSt. Lucia, is redescribed; also with a biramous telopodite, its tibiotarsus arises distad and diverges from the coaxial solenomere. The Antillean species do not comprise a clade and are only distantly related; rather than introductions, they plausibly reflect ancestral occurrences on the “proto-Antillean” terrain before it rifted from “proto-SouthAmerica” in the Cretaceous/Paleocene, with fragmentation isolating modern forms on their present islands. Existing platyrhacid tribes are formally elevated to subfamilies as this category was omitted from recent taxonomies. Without unequivocal evidence to the contrary, geographically anomalous species should initially be regarded as indigenous rather than anthropochoric.

scholarly journals The Antillean Arc and the distribution of neotropical mosses

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Claudio Delgadillo M.
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The West ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Patterns Of Distribution

The West Indies have strong continental affinities, but the strongest are with South America, not Central America as was once thought. Moss diversity is the result of migration after the Miocene; the patterns of distribution involving the West Indies and South or North America indicate both migration as well as floristic flows through the Antillean Arc. Speciation due to selective pressures in the changing climate of the Pleistocene gave rise to endemic taxa, but paleoendemics may have resulted in a previous archipelago condition.

Geographic spread of Strumigenys silvestrii (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dacetini)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe A. MacGown ◽  
James K. Wetterer ◽  
JoVonn G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Old World ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Undisturbed Forest

Strumigenys silvestriiis a tiny dacetine ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dacetini), apparently from South America, that has spread to the southern US and the West Indies.Strumigenys silvestriihas recently been found for the first time in the Old World, from the island of Madeira, mainland Portugal, and Macau. Here, we document new distributional records and the geographic spread ofS. silvestrii. We compiled and mapped 67 site records ofS. silvestrii. We documented the earliest knownS. silvestriirecords for 20 geographic areas (countries, major islands, and US states), including four areas for which we found no previously published records: Georgia (US), Grenada, Nevis, and St. Vincent.Strumigenys silvestriiis the only New World dacetine ant that has been recorded in the Old World. The distribution of its closest relatives and of knownS. silvestriispecimen records supports the hypothesis thatS. silvestriiis native to South America. Throughout its New World range (South America, the West Indies, and the southern US), manyS. silvestriirecords are from undisturbed forest habitats (usually indicative of a native species), but are very recent (usually indicative of a newly arrived exotic species).

scholarly journals First North American Records of the Old-World Tramp Ant Syllophopsis sechellensis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
James Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Tramp Ant ◽  
Old World Tropics

Syllophopsis  sechellensis  (Emery)  (formerly  Monomorium  sechellense) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a small, inconspicuous ant species native to the Old-World tropics. Syllophopsis sechellensis is widespread in Asia and Australia, and on islands the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. In the New  World,  all  published  records  come  from  West  Indian  islands.  Here,  I report the first records of S. sechellensis from North America: from four sites in Miami-Dade and Broward counties, Florida, more than 1500 km from the closest records in the West Indies. The ants of Florida have been well-studied in the past, so S. sechellensis appears to be a recent arrival.

The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the Americas: An Economic Analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Galenson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Indentured Servitude ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
British Colonies ◽  
Over Time

Indentured servitude appeared in Virginia by 1620. Initially a device used to transport European workers to the New World, over time servitude dwindled as black slavery grew in importance in the British colonies. Indentured servitude reappeared in the Americas in the mid-nineteenth century as a means of transporting Asians to the Caribbean sugar islands and South America following the abolition of slavery. Servitude then remained in legal use until its abolition in 1917. This paper provides an economic analysis of the innovation of indentured servitude, describes the economic forces that caused its decline and disappearance from the British colonies, and considers why indentured servitude was revived for migration to the West Indies during the time of the great free migration of Europeans to the Americas.

English in the West Indies, or the West Indies in English?

1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dillard
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Sea Islands ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caribbean

The English of the West Indies, like the other languages of the area, shows many resemblances to the language patterns of Negroes in other parts of the New World. There have been many controversies over this matter, with many linguists, especially dialect geographers, inclined to deny West African influence upon anything inside continental North America except for Gullah(Georgia and South Carolina sea islands) and the French Creole of Louisiana. Others, like Lorenzo Turner, who conclusively disproved the widely held belief that Gullah was an amalgam of archaic features from the British Isles,have substantiated the thesis of the anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits that the culture, including the language, of Negroes from Suriname to Michigan retains many traces of African patterns. And, since the recent death of the Haitian philologist Jules Faine, no one has seriously denied resemblances among the Caribbean dialects.

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