The Educational Activities of Fray Alonso de la Vera Cruz in Sixteenth Century Mexico

1948 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
John F. Blethen
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Ghost Town ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
General Appearance

The Little Pueblo of Tiripetío lies at the foot of a mountain near Morelia in the state of Michoacán. Its Indian name means “place of gold”, but the adobe houses with their straw roofs plus a general appearance of shabbiness belie such a title. Tiripetío, however, was not always a ghost town. In the sixteenth century it pulsed with life and activity. The life of the place centered about a convent of Augustinian friars, with its adjoining church, hospital and school. The name Vera Cruz is closely linked with this convent and school as with many other educational activities in sixteenth century Mexico. But like Tiripetío itself, which marked the scene of his early labours, the name of Alonso de la Vera Cruz has fallen into obscurity and today counts little, even with historians of his own Order. The recent work of Oswaldo Robles, a translation of one of Vera Cruz’s philosophic treatises, the Physica Speculano, (vd. The Americas, October 1944, under article: “Fray Alonso de la Vera Cruz and the Beginnings of Philosophic Speculation in the Americas”.) is truly a step in the right direction. It can only be hoped that the relatively settled political set-up in Mexico will open the way for a more thorough search for historical data on outstanding figures like Alonso de la Vera Cruz. The present article attempts, from the sources now at hand, to synthesize the many and varied activities in the field of education in which Vera Cruz engaged and to give an interpretation of the influence he exerted in the field of learning and in the development of the philosophic thought of his day in Mexico.

American Soldiers and Okinawan Women

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuko Takushi Crissey
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Biracial Children ◽  
Civilian Leaders ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

In September, 1945, with most Okinawans still in refugee camps, the U.S. military ordered elections for civilian leaders in which women were granted the right to vote for the first time, seven months earlier than in mainland Japan. Yet they were far more concerned about the many rapes committed by American soldiers. Women and girls were abducted from fields while searching for food, dragged away from their homes, and assaulted in front of their families. After months of inaction, the U.S. military decided to set up “special amusement areas” for prostitution in certain towns. Some Okinawans favoured this policy as a “breakwater” to protect women and children of “good” families, while others opposed it as exploitation of women. In 1967, at the peak of the Vietnam War, an estimated 10,000 women engaged in prostitution. In 1948 the U.S. military rescinded a ban on marriages between U.S. soldiers and Okinawan women that failed to prevent couples from having intimate relations and living together. Still, commanding officers pressured soldiers not to marry, threatening disciplinary transfers. By 1967, among thousands of biracial children in Okinawa, about half were raised by mothers or their relatives with little or no financial support from fathers.

Lending to the Borrower from Hell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intelligent Model ◽  
New Evidence

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.

Chow Rings, Decomposition of the Diagonal, and the Topology of Families (AM-187)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Voisin
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chow Groups ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Complete Intersections ◽  
Algebraic Varieties ◽  
Chow Ring ◽  
Hodge Structures ◽  
Chow Rings ◽  
Geometric Methods ◽  
The Right

This book provides an introduction to algebraic cycles on complex algebraic varieties, to the major conjectures relating them to cohomology, and even more precisely to Hodge structures on cohomology. The book is intended for both students and researchers, and not only presents a survey of the geometric methods developed in the last thirty years to understand the famous Bloch-Beilinson conjectures, but also examines recent work by the author. It focuses on two central objects: the diagonal of a variety—and the partial Bloch-Srinivas type decompositions it may have depending on the size of Chow groups—as well as its small diagonal, which is the right object to consider in order to understand the ring structure on Chow groups and cohomology. An exploration of a sampling of recent works by the author looks at the relation, conjectured in general by Bloch and Beilinson, between the coniveau of general complete intersections and their Chow groups and a very particular property satisfied by the Chow ring of K3 surfaces and conjecturally by hyper-Kähler manifolds. In particular, the book delves into arguments originating in Nori's work that have been further developed by others.

Process design and equipment selection for optimized steam and power concepts – the “zero” process steam sugar factory

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Boris Morgenroth ◽  
Thomas Stark ◽  
Julian Pelster ◽  
Harjeet Singh Bola
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Steam Drying

Optimization of process steam requirement in order to maximize sugar recovery and export power along with manpower optimization is a must for sugar factories to survive under difficult conditions and to earn additional revenues. The process steam demand of greenfield and revamped plants has been reduced to levels of 32–38% from originally more than 50% steam on cane in the case of the brownfield plants. In addition, significant improvement in the power requirement of the plants has been achieved. Bagasse drying offers a good potential to improve the power export. Different available concepts are compared with a focus on bagasse steam drying and low temperature bagasse drying. In order to set up an optimized highly efficient plant or to optimize an existing plant to achieve competitive benchmarks, good process design and the right equipment selection are very important. Experience has been gained with multiple stage or double effect crystallization in the beet sugar industry offering further steam optimization potential. Vapour recompression is also an option to substitute live steam by electrical power. This even provides options to reduce the steam demand from the power plant for the sugar process down to zero. Key aspects concerning the process design and equipment selection are described.

Method for drawing forest maps by means of an office computer

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Goossens ◽  
J. De Schuyter
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Similar Form ◽  
Code Number ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Forest Maps ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Computer Unit ◽  
Fixed Network

In  this article, we tried to perform the drawing of forest maps, together with  the calculations involved, automatically by means of relatively simple aids.      The computer unit used is an office computer Olivetti P203. As an example  the growing stock (in m3/ha) was mapped out. The proper inventory in the field is done  according to the classical method by means of a previously fixed network of  squares (70,7 m x 70,7 m), which corresponds to two plots a ha.     The quantity which is measured and mapped out (in this case the growing  stock) is in a similar form not very useful in mapping. Therefore a division  in classes (Ku) numbered from 0 to 9, is set up. An appropriate program  calculates for a certain number of points within this elementary square, to which  class they have to be assigned, whereas the typewriter prints the  corresponding code number on the right place.     Fig. 1 and the formulas (1), (2) and (3) represent the principle o[ the  calculations while fig. 2A and B reproduce the results printed by the  typewriter for a elementary square of respective 1” X 1” and 2” X 2”. The  whole of similar network of squares eventually results in a basical document,  on which the existing forest map with an adapted scale is laid (see appendix  3) and the class limits are drawn.     If desirable, the scale may be adapted when the forest map under discussion  is definitely reproduced.

Valid Signature Detection and Verification for Security of Individual Person

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Narpat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
Signature Detection ◽  
Online Signature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Handwritten Signature

In the recent research work, the handwritten signature is a suitable field to detection of valid signature from different environment such online signature and offline signature. In early research work, a lot of unauthorized person put the signature and theft the data in illegal manner from organization or industries. So we have to need identify, the right person on the basis of various parameters that can be detected. In this paper, we have proposed two methods namely LDA and Neural Network for the offline signature from the scan signature image. For efficient research, we have focused the comparative analysis in terms of FRR, SSIM, MSE, and PSNR. These parameters are compared with the early work and the recent work. Our proposed work is more effective and provides the suitable result through our method which leads to existing work. Our method will help to find legal signature of authorized use for security and avoid illegal work.

New Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
The State ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right

The fight over an exchange had a very different dynamic in New Mexico because there were no loud voices on the right calling for the state to reject control. Republican Governor Susanna Martinez supported retaining control, but strongly preferred a governance model that allowed insurers to serve on the board of directors and limited the degree of oversight by the board on the types of plans that could be sold on the exchange. Governor Martinez vetoed legislation in 2011 that would have set up a different model of an exchange. Institutional quirks meant the legislature did not have the opportunity to weigh in again for two years, until 2013. By this point it was too late and the state had to rely on the federal website despite passing legislation to run its own exchange.

scholarly journals XIII. Letter from Captain Nepean, to the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., President, communicating an account of certain Antiquities excavated, under his direction, in the Island of Sacrificios: followed by a Report upon the examination of them, by Samuel Birch, Esq.

Archaeologia ◽  
1844 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Evan Nepean
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right

The public curiosity has been much roused by Stevens's recent work on Central America, as well as by the late visit of Mr. Walker and Captain Caddy of the Artillery, to Palenque, and other ancient cities in that quarter.I have the honour to acquaint your Lordship, as President of the Society of Antiquaries, that, having been lately on service in the gulph of Mexico, whilst laying off the island of Sacrificios, I caused several excavations to be made there, and succeeded in digging up various articles of pottery, idols, and musical instruments; amongst other specimens, are three or four types, or signets, with hieroglyphics, which may perhaps throw some light on the origin of the Mexicans, or the still more ancient race that preceded them.

Governmental Censorship in War-Time

1942 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Price
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Radio Industry ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Free People ◽  
Magazine Articles

To a free people, the very word “censorship” always has been distasteful. In its theory, it runs counter to all democratic principles; in practice, it can never be made popular, can never please anyone.Everything the censor does is contrary to all that we have been taught to believe is right and proper. The Post Office Department, for example, has two proud mottoes: “The mail must go through,” and “The privacy of the mail must be protected at all hazards.” But censorship stops the mail, it invades the privacy of the mail, it disposes of the mail as may seem best. The same thing holds true in the publishing business. Censorship limits the lively competition and free enterprise of reporters. It relegates many a scoop to the waste basket. It wields a blue pencil—both theoretical and actual—on news stories, magazine articles, advertisements, and photographs. Censorship also enters the radio industry, where it may edit scripts and in some cases stop entire programs.Yet even the most vociferous critics of the principle of censorship agree that in war-time some form and amount of censorship is a necessity. It then becomes not merely a curtailment of individual liberty, but a matter of national security. It is one of the many restrictions that must be imposed on people fighting for the right to throw off those restrictions when peace returns.

An Aid in Selecting the Brand, Size and Other Strategic Choices for a Hotel

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Morey ◽  
David A. Dittman
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

The “go/no-go” decision for a candidate property, i.e., whether or not to actually acquire the site, choose the brand (flag), build and operate the hotel, requires the explicit consideration of the interconnectedness of the many myriad elements affecting the property's potential profits. The many facility design decisions (number and mix of rooms, capacity for F&B operations etc.) as well as other strategic choices (e.g., size of marketing program, level of service aimed for) must recognize the site's competitive features and interactions with the above. Also, the particular design and operational features for a given property will affect its different revenue streams, fixed and variable costs, efficiency and profits. The authors consider developers contemplating acquiring a given site, choosing a brand, building and operating a new hotel. They offer a normative approach for this type of decision which arrives endogenously at possibly attractive options for the brand, design and strategic choices for the site. The final decision as to which option to actually use, if any, should be based on subjecting the above identified scenarios, as well as others, to traditional feasibility analyses where judgment and expert opinion are applied. The authors' implementable approach integrates a “best practices” benchmarking methodology with regression analysis to yield a mathematical programming optimization model. A key advantage of this approach lies in its contrast to conventional approaches for site selection which often ignore the more detailed design and strategic choices. The approach deals explicitly with the complex interfaces between marketing and operations management as the endogenous site and competitive environmental factors interact with the endogenous brand and facility design choices. By identifying attractive options to be further explored (that might otherwise be overlooked), several types of errors are avoided: i) an incorrect “go/no go” decision could be recommended for the site in question; ii) even if the right decision to proceed is made, the forecasted level of annualized profits could be in error, leading to an incorrect priority for the activity; iii) the incorrect brand and facility design choices could be made for the site. Other key advantages of the suggested approach are that 1) various substitution possibilities (between more or less capital, labor, materials etc.) are considered; 2) not only is the best brand and configuration identified, but also a ranking of other brands is available if the “best” brand is not available; 3) the “best practices” at other specific sites (which serve as the basis for the recommendations) are identified, thereby enabling management (possibly through site visits) to isolate the actual cultures, processes and procedures to be transported and emulated at the candidate site. This paper illustrates the approach for two different sites.

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