The Frequency and Antiquity of Prehistoric Coca-Leaf-Chewing Practices in Northern Chile: Radioimmunoassay of a Cocaine Metabolite in Human-Mummy Hair

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Cartmell ◽  
Arthur C. Aufderheide ◽  
Angela Springfield ◽  
Cheryl Weems ◽  
Bernardo Arriaza
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Human Mummy ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Hair Shafts

Coca-leaf chewing results in absorption of part of its cocaine content. Following absorption, cocaine and/or its stable metabolic product benzoylecgonine (BZE) may enter the chewer's hair follicles and subsequently be incorporated into the hair shafts. This article reports that a recently developed radioimmunoassay is capable of detecting BZE in hair samples from ancient, spontaneously mummified human remains. Results are provided from tests on hair samples of 163 individuals, representatives of populations from seven different cultures living at coastal and low valley sites in northern Chile during the past 4,000 years. These indicate that coca-leaf-chewing practices began in this area about 2,000 years ago. The practice seems to have been common in several subsequent cultural groups. In one of these—Maitas Chiribaya—the majority of both adult men and women indulged in this practice. Coca-leaf-chewing women probably transferred BZE to their fetuses and nursing infants.

scholarly journals PERAN KELENJAR SEBASEA PADA ALOPESIA ANDROGENIK

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma M Fahruddin ◽  
Sonny J R Kalangi ◽  
Taufiq F Pasiak
Keyword(s):  
Hair Growth ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Hair Shafts

Abstract: In the scalp there are about 100,000 hair shafts, made of dead keratinized tissues and hair follicles. Each hair follicle has a three-phase growth cycle: anagen, catagen, and telogen. Due to these, human hair grows discontinuously, with phases of growth followed by phases of rest, and does not fall simultanously, called mosaic growth pattern. Androgenic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss and thinning in humans, which affects men and women. The sebaceous gland has an important role in the occurrence of androgenic alopecia. Recent advances in studies of hair growth show that selective and high safety drugs are needed in the management of androgenic alopecia. Substances that can be used are as follows: growth stimulators, DHT inhibitors, anti-inflammatory, anti-androgen, and super oxide dismuse substances.Key words: hair, hair folicle, androgenic alopecia, sebacceous gland.Abstrak: Pada kulit kepala terdapat sekitar 100.000 batang rambut yang terbuat dari jaringan tanduk mati dan folikel tempat tumbuh rambut. Setiap folikel rambut memiliki tiga tahap periode pertumbuhan, yaitu anagen, katagen, dan telogen. Adanya ketiga tahap ini menyebabkan pertumbuhan rambut „mozaik‟ dimana rambut tidak memanjang sekaligus dan rontok secara bersamaan. Alopesia androgenik merupakan penyebab paling umum kehilangan dan menipisnya rambut baik pada laki-laki maupun perempuan. Kelenjar sebasea berperan penting pada proses terjadinya alopesia androgenik. Dengan kemajuan terbaru dalam studi pertumbuhan rambut, pemilihan obat yang selektif dan aman menjadi pemecahan masalah utama bagi alopesia androgenik. Obat-obat yang dapat digunakan yaitu growth stimulator, DHT inhibitor, anti-inflamasi, anti-androgen, dan super oxide dismuse.Kata kunci: rambut, folilkel rambut, alopesia androgenik, kelenjar sebasea.

Understanding the Communication Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Who Are Deafblind

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Sandy K. Bowen ◽  
Silvia M. Correa-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Different Cultures

America's population is more diverse than ever before. The prevalence of students who are culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. The changes in America's demographics require teachers who provide services to students with deafblindness to have an increased awareness of different cultures and diversity in today's classrooms, particularly regarding communication choices. Children who are deafblind may use spoken language with appropriate amplification, sign language or modified sign language, and/or some form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

879: Sensitivity Mapping of Adult Men and Women Based on Sagasf Survey

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
Justine M. Schober ◽  
Heino F.L. Meyer-Bahlburg ◽  
Philip G. Ransley
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men

Alcohol use and aggressive behavior among adult men and women

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Leonard ◽  
B. Quigley ◽  
M. Testa ◽  
R. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men

Enlightening Symbols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Number System ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Mathematical Notation ◽  
Rhetorical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Different Cultures

While all of us regularly use basic mathematical symbols such as those for plus, minus, and equals, few of us know that many of these symbols weren't available before the sixteenth century. What did mathematicians rely on for their work before then? And how did mathematical notations evolve into what we know today? This book explains the fascinating history behind the development of our mathematical notation system. It shows how symbols were used initially, how one symbol replaced another over time, and how written math was conveyed before and after symbols became widely adopted. Traversing mathematical history and the foundations of numerals in different cultures, the book looks at how historians have disagreed over the origins of the number system for the past two centuries. It follows the transfigurations of algebra from a rhetorical style to a symbolic one, demonstrating that most algebra before the sixteenth century was written in prose or in verse employing the written names of numerals. It also investigates the subconscious and psychological effects that mathematical symbols have had on mathematical thought, moods, meaning, communication, and comprehension. It considers how these symbols influence us (through similarity, association, identity, resemblance, and repeated imagery), how they lead to new ideas by subconscious associations, how they make connections between experience and the unknown, and how they contribute to the communication of basic mathematics. From words to abbreviations to symbols, this book shows how math evolved to the familiar forms we use today.

scholarly journals Dietary Fat Chain Length, Saturation, and PUFA Source Acutely Affect Diet-Induced Thermogenesis but Not Satiety in Adults in a Randomized, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2615
Author(s):  
Bret M. Rust ◽  
Susan K. Raatz ◽  
Shanon L. Casperson ◽  
Sara E. Duke ◽  
Matthew J. Picklo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Structural differences in dietary fatty acids modify their rate of oxidation and effect on satiety, endpoints that may influence the development of obesity. This study tests the hypothesis that meals containing fat sources with elevated unsaturated fats will result in greater postprandial energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and satiety than meals containing fats with greater saturation. In a randomized, 5-way crossover design, healthy men and women (n = 23; age: 25.7 ± 6.6 years; BMI: 27.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2) consumed liquid meals containing 30 g of fat from heavy cream (HC), olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SFO), flaxseed oil (FSO), and fish oil (FO). Energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) were determined by metabolic rate over a 240 min postprandial period. Serum concentrations of ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol (TAG) were assessed. DIT induced by SFO was 5% lower than HC and FO (p = 0.04). Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation did not differ between fat sources. Postprandial TAG concentrations were significantly affected by fat source (p = 0.0001). Varying fat sources by the degree of saturation and PUFA type modified DIT but not satiety responses in normal to obese adult men and women.

scholarly journals Body Image and Voluntary Gaze Behaviors towards Physique-Salient Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
April Karlinsky ◽  
Holly Howe ◽  
Melissa de Jonge ◽  
Alan Kingstone ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Image Variables

The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect following media consumption. Young adult men (n = 47; mean age = 20.2 years) and women (n = 87; mean age = 19.5 years) were discretely exposed to images of same-sex models with idealized- and average-physiques while completing an irrelevant computer task. Voluntary gaze at the images was covertly recorded via hidden cameras. Participants also completed measures of affect before and after the computer task. Measures of body-related envy, body appreciation, and self-perceptions of attractiveness, thinness, and physical strength were completed. Men and women did not differ in how often nor for how long they looked at the images overall, but body image variables were differentially associated with their voluntary gaze behaviors. For men, higher body-related envy and lower body appreciation were correlated with more looks at the average-physique model. Although women reported higher body-related envy than men, envy and body appreciation were not significant correlates of gaze behaviors for women. Both men and women experienced a general affective decrease over time, but only for men was the change in negative affect associated with their time spent looking at the ideal-physique image. Overall, these findings suggest that body-related envy and body appreciation influence how men choose to consume physique-salient media, and that media consumption may have negative consequences for post-exposure affect. Body image factors appear to be more strongly associated with behavior in men, perhaps because men are generally less often exposed to physique-salient media and, in particular, to average-physique images.

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