Ritual Pathways of the Inca: An Analysis of the Collasuyu Ceques in Cuzco

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Documentary Source ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Ritual Systems ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
The City

The ceque system of Cuzco was composed of at least 328 shrines (huacas) organized along 42 hypothetical lines (ceques) that radiated out of the city of Cuzco, the capital of the Inca. Ethnohistoric research indicates that the system was conceptually linked to, and essentially reproduced, the fundamental social, political, spatial, and temporal divisions of the Cuzco region and Inca society. As such the ceque system is one of the most complex, indigenous Prehispanic ritual systems known in the Americas. This article summarizes the basic organizational features of the ceque system according to ethnohistorians and reviews the current literature. Archaeological data document the likely positions of 85 shrines and the probable courses of nine ceques in Collasuyu, the southeast quarter of the Cuzco Valley. The courses of the nine Collasuyu ceques are then compared with predicted courses set forth in current models of the system. The findings suggest that numerous internal inconsistencies, if not errors, exist in the seventeenth-century documentary source that describes the ceque system and that the courses of the ceques may have varied far more than is suggested in the literature.

scholarly journals Constructing an Urban Drug Ecology in 1970s Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Greg Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
The City

In 1970, youthful researchers carried out participant-observer studies of the drug scene in Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax. This ethnographic research, prepared for the federal Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs (the LeDain Commission), was part of the commission’s extensive series of unpublished studies. The commission, which released an initial report in 1970, one on cannabis in 1972 and a final report in 1973, adopted a broad approach to the issue of drugs and society. This article examines the unpublished studies as examples of social science “intelligence gathering” on urban social problems. The reports discussed the local market in illegal drugs, its geographic patterns and organizational features, the demographic characteristics of drug sellers and consumers, the culture of the drug scene, and the attitudes of users. Unlike earlier sociological and anthropological studies that focused on prisoners and lower-class “junkies” or more recent studies that examine marginalized inner-city populations, the city studies reflected the era’s fixation on middle-class youth culture and the addiction-treatment sphere’s growing concern with amphetamine abuse.

The Fiery Pacific: Volcanic Eruptions and Settler-State Theatricality in Oceania, 1780–1900

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-392
Author(s):  
Diana Looser
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Art History ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Form Part ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Grand Opera ◽  
The City

In the closing scene of René-Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt's melodramaLa Tête de mort; ou, Les Ruines de Pompeïa(1827), audiences at Paris's Théâtre de la Gaîté were presented with the spectacular cataclysm of an erupting Mount Vesuvius that invaded the city and engulfed the hapless characters in its fiery embrace. “The theatre,” Pixérécourt writes, “is completely inundated by this sea of bitumen and lava. A shower of blazing and transparent stones and red ash falls on all sides…. The red color with which everything is struck, the terrible noise of the volcano, the screaming, the agitation and despair of the characters … all combine to form this terrible convulsion of nature, a horrible picture, and altogether worthy of being compared to Hell.” A few years later, in 1830, Daniel Auber's grand operaLa Muette de Portici(1828), which yoked a seventeenth-century eruption of Vesuvius with a popular revolt against Spanish rule in Naples, opened at the Théâtre de Monnaie in Brussels. The Belgian spectators, inspired by the opera's revolutionary sentiments, poured out into the streets and seized their country's independence from the Dutch. These two famous examples, which form part of a long genealogy of representing volcanic eruptions through various artistic means, highlight not only the compelling, immersive spectacle of nature in extremis but also the ability of stage scenery to intervene materially in the narrative action and assimilate affective and political meanings. As these two examples also indicate, however, the body of scholarship in literary studies, art history, and theatre and performance studies that attends to the mechanical strategies and symbolic purchase of volcanic representations has tended to focus mainly on Europe; more research remains to be undertaken into how volcanic spectacles have engaged with non-European topographies and sociopolitical dynamics and how this wider view might illuminate our understanding of theatre's social roles.

scholarly journals History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth Century

1909 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
J. H. Innes ◽  
Schuyler Van Rensselaer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

scholarly journals High-resolution late Holocene sedimentary cores record the long history of the city of Cádiz (south-western Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Ferréol Salomon ◽  
Darío Bernal-Casasola ◽  
José J. Díaz ◽  
Macarena Lara ◽  
Salvador Domínguez-Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Abstract. Today, coastal cities worldwide are facing major changes resulting from climate change and anthropogenic forcing, which requires adaptation and mitigation strategies to be established. In this context, sedimentological archives in many Mediterranean cities record a multi-millennial history of environmental dynamics and human adaptation, revealing a long-lasting resilience. Founded by the Phoenicians around 3000 years ago, Cádiz (south-western Spain) is a key example of a coastal resilient city. This urban centre is considered to be one of the first cities of western Europe and has experienced major natural hazards during its long history, such as coastal erosion, storms, and also tsunamis (like the one in 1755 CE following the destructive Lisbon earthquake). In the framework of an international, joint archaeological and geoarchaeological project, three cores have been drilled in a marine palaeochannel that ran through the ancient city of Cádiz. These cores reveal a ≥50 m thick Holocene sedimentary sequence. Importantly, most of the deposits date from the 1st millennium BCE to the 1st millennium CE. This exceptional sedimentary archive will allow our scientific team to achieve its research goals, which are (1) to reconstruct the palaeogeographical evolution of this specific coastal area; (2) to trace the intensity of activities of the city of Cádiz based on archaeological data, as well as geochemical and palaeoecological indicators; and (3) to identify and date high-energy event deposits such as storms and tsunamis.

Chetumal Bay in the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Oland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The West ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Late Postclassic

Spanish documents imply that the Chetumal Bay region acted as a unified force to resist European colonization, yet archaeological data suggest that the experience of the Maya during the fifteenth to the seventeenth century (Late Postclassic through Colonial periods) was highly localized. Some communities, such as at Caye Coco on Progresso Lagoon, were in a state of unstable transition when the Spanish appeared. Their arrival elicited a variety of actions and reactions as local communities attempted to adapt to indirect colonial rule, and these settlements experienced differential rates of colonial control and conversion. In this chapter, the distinct experiences of three indigenous communities at Lamanai, Santa Rita Corozal, and the west shore of Progresso Lagoon are examined.

“Pilate Defended”

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
David Lloyd Dusenbury
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
High Point ◽  
The City

The question of Pilate’s innocence is debated with greater sophistication at the end of the seventeenth century than ever before. A liberal professor of law in the city of Halle, Christian Thomasius, is now remembered as one of the master-thinkers of ‘secularization’ in the early Westphalian era. Yet Thomasius is rarely if ever remembered as the author of a highly interesting 1675 text On the Unjust Judgement of Pontius Pilate. Thomasius’ juridical text on Pilate is likely the high point of European legal reasoning on the innocence (or guilt) of Jesus’ Roman judge. However, Thomasius’ 1675 text is written in reply to two other forgotten texts: Pilate Defended, by Johann Steller; and A Refutation of the Defence of Pontius Pilate, by Daniel Hartnaccius. This chapter offers a reading of, and a reflection upon, this collection of early Enlightenment texts on the Roman trial of Jesus.

Central Greco-Roman Cities

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora P. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The Road ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
The City ◽  
Eastern Edge

Argos, situated in the southern peninsula of Greece called the Peloponnese, lies on the northwest side of the Argos Plain, backed by hills to the north and west that are the eastern edge of an extensive region of mountains and intermountain basins. A road runs northward through the valley and over the hills to Nemea and Corinth. Eastward beyond the capricious rivers lie the old Mycenaean cities of Mycenae and Tiryns on their knolls, with the port of Nauplia closing the circuit to the southeast. Beyond Nauplia is the Argolid peninsula with the ancient pilgrimage and health center of Epidauros. (The term “Argolid” as used in the literature sometimes means all the area near Argos and sometimes means only the peninsula south and east of Nauplia. Herein, we will use Argolid for the latter and Argive Plain for the former.) Between Argos and the gulf about 6 km south is the marshy area of Lerna, remnant of a lake that once reached nearly to the outskirts of Argos, while the southeast part of the plain was until recently a series of lagoons (Piérart 1992). To the southwest, skirting the mountains, runs the road to Sparta. The advantages for Argos of being situated at the center of gravity in the triangular plain (Runnels 1995) continued throughout all the periods studied herein. Argos is unusual among ancient cities because we have ample modern geological investigations of regional structure, morphology, karst geology, and hydrogeology, literary evidence from antiquity, and archaeological data from decades of investigation. These materials contribute to a detailed understanding of how human settlement built on and responded to local resources. We will therefore describe the regional setting of the city before turning to an examination of the urban core. Below its mountains, the city of Argos stands on a shelf overlooking a plain of extensive fertile agricultural land that curves around the site from north to southwest. The stratigraphy is as follows, beginning with the topmost modern layers: . . . Higher plateau and mountains are Tripoli limestone. Tripoli plateau sits amid karstic mountains. (Older) Triassic and Jurassic limestones to the northeast. . . .

ILLUSTRATIONS DEPICTING THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE MYTHICAL CITY… OF TIBETAN MEDICINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Katharina Sabernig ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Text Passage ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The City ◽  
Material Form

The first chapter of the most famous treatise in Tibetan medicine called Four Treatises (Rgyud bzhi) characterises the environmental preconditions in order to practice medicine in a perfect way. One of these aspects is the description of the mythical city called Lta na sdug where a precious palace of the Buddha of medicine is situated. The origin of the text passage and, hence, the geographical location of this mythical city is discussed controversially in the current literature. This paper, however, argues that it is possible that the suggested principles are applicable at any suitable place of Tibetan medical practice if they were adapted to the local environment as long as most of the described parameters are adhered to symbolically. Different types of visual expressions depicting features of the city as described in this introductory chapter will be compared. First, plate number one of the famous seventeenth century thangka collection to the Blue Beryl commentary stored in Ulan-Ude presents a rather orthodox interpretation of these circumstances. Second, not a painting but a three-dimensional example of monastic cityplanning: the medical murals in the inner courtyard of the Medical Faculty and the architectural arrangement of the Faculty within the whole cloister indicate that the local authorities may have regarded Labrang territory as a material form of Lta na sdug. Third, yet another pair of murals in a small monastery painted by the same artist as the murals at Labrang monastery present an alternative, vivid way of depiction.

Théophraste Renaudot (1586–1653)

2018 ◽  
pp. 353-370
Author(s):  
Olivier Walusinski
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Gilles de la Tourette had a passion for the history of medicine and ideas, with a particular attachment to the city of Loudun, where his family had its roots. In 1884, he published a biography of another Loudun native, Théophraste Renaudot, a seventeenth-century physician who advocated reform in medical studies, calling into question the rigid scholastic method, limited to Hippocratic and Galenic medicine, in order to develop truly clinical practices as well as medical research. This chapter presents this biography and its genesis, Gilles de la Tourette’s hidden debt to Eugène Hatin, and unpublished letters received by Gilles de la Tourette after the book’s publication. Drawing on archival documents, the process Gilles de la Tourette initiated to erect a Renaudot statue in Paris and Loudun is detailed, as is his induction into the Ordre de la Légion d’honneur.

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