scholarly journals Facilitative and Mandatory Rules in the Corporation Law(s) of the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Buxbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporation Law ◽  
Mandatory Rules

scholarly journals Economics of Arbitrability in International IP Contracting

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Dels Sants Mirambell Fargas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Party Autonomy ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
Mandatory Rules ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement

IP arbitrability in international commercial disputes enshrines the friction between traders and holders, between private contracts and public registers, between party autonomy and mandatory rules. Particularly, non‑arbitrability of invalidity defenses concerning registered industrial intellectual property rights has been insufficiently analyzed as a crucial matter of recognition and enforcement of international awards. Consequently, a sound economic rationale on grounds of competitive advantages is disregarded in too many instances. Having regarded the ever‑growing importance of IP rights for companies’ productivity and today’s primary use of arbitration in cross‑border contracting, the present research aims at pointing that out. It applies a transaction cost economics approach and takes into account the legal comparative background. The study finally examines arbitrability of IP validity with inter‑partes effect as an operable solution and the advantages of a predictable model as was early adopted by the United States.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

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