The Homeric Chariot

1884 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Walter Leaf
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Minute Point ◽  
Greek History

The object of the present paper is not to give a full account of the Homeric chariot, but merely to call attention to a somewhat minute point, in which, as it seems to me, light may be thrown upon the words of Homer from the representations given us in the painted vases.By way of preface it may be mentioned that the war-chariot was hardly known in Greece proper, at all events after the heroic age. The only occasion in Greek history when it played an important part was on the half-oriental soil of Cyprus. In the battle so picturesquely described by Herodotos (v. 113), the fortune of the day was finally decided by the treachery of the war-chariots of Salamis, whose desertion threw the island into the hands of the Persians (498 B.C.). On the rugged and broken mountains of the mainland, such an arm could hardly ever have been of practical service, and we may assume that the type familiar to the vase-painters of the fifth century B.C. must have been derived from Asia Minor.

Military Operations on the North Front of Mount Taurus. IV.—The Campaigns of 319 and 320 B.C

1923 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Mitchell Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Account ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North

In a footnote in J.H.S. 1918, p. 144, I stated the view that the battle (319 B.C.) in which Antigonus defeated Alketas and the associated generals took place in the αὐλὼν which leads from the N.E. corner of the Limnai towards Pisidian Antioch, carrying the southern or Pisidian road across Asia Minor eastward. This important route, regarded as a highway from the west coast to the Cilician Gates, is a recent discovery, though parts of it have been often described and traversed. In J.H.S. 1920, p. 89 f., I have argued that it was the road by which Xerxes' great army marched from Kritalla to Kelainai.There are two authorities on whom we depend for details of the battle of 319 B.C., Polyaenus Strat. 4, 6, 7 and Diodorus 18, 44; but both of these gather all their information from that excellent military writer Hieronymus of Cardia, the friend and historian of Eumenes. Polyaenus tells the story with soldierly brevity, relating only the chief military features: Diodorus diffusely and at great length; but so that we can recognise Hieronymus behind and beneath, and restore the full account as given by that writer.

Regional Developments, East and West

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-135
Author(s):  
Robert G. Ousterhout
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
East And West

Despite the continuation of pan-Mediterranean commerce through the fifth century and contacts brought about by imperial patronage and pilgrimage, distinctive styles quickly emerged in the different regions of the empire. This chapter contrasts architectural and urban developments at the heart of the Byzantine Empire with those in Italy (Rome, Milan, and Ravenna) and in the eastern provinces: Syria, Jordan, Egypt, and Asia Minor.

“We do not grant that their synagogues shall stand, but want them to be converted in form to churches”

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-314
Author(s):  
Ross Shepard Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Jewish Writers

Evidence for Jews in the Mediterranean diaspora wanes by the fifth century. Few laws pertain to Jews between Theodosios II’s death and the ascension of Justinian seventy-five years later. Material evidence for Jews is sparse. Only non-Jewish writers offer possible evidence. John Malalas recounts synagogue attacks by the “Greens” charioteers’ association. Justinian’s harsh critic, Prokopios of Caesarea, notes Justinian’s various anti-Jewish acts. Justinian’s famed legal Code confirms his intensification of his predecessors’ programs against all non-Nicene persons, including Jews and Samaritans. His famous Novella 146 authorized use of the Septuagint, but banned the Deuterosis—sometimes thought, perhaps wrongly, to be the Mishnah. John of Ephesos claims that (after a devastating outbreak of plague) Justinian sent him to convert the remaining dissidents and traditionalists of Asia Minor, where he also transformed a few synagogues into churches. John Malalas chronicles Samaritan revolts also recounted by Prokopios, as well as Jewish victims of earthquakes.

The Policy of Sparta

1912 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
G. B. Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek History ◽  
New Evidence

In two papers published within the last year, one in the Classical Quarterly of October, 1911, and the other in the last number of this Journal, Mr. Dickins has put forward certain views with regard to the main lines of the policy of Sparta in the latter half of the sixth and in the fifth century B.C.Inasmuch as his two articles aim at refuting certain views put forward by myself and others in this Journal and elsewhere, I should like to reply to his arguments.In the first place Mr. Dickins, who has had and has used special opportunities for acquiring information with regard to the antiquities of Sparta, adduces a large number of new facts. For this part of his work every student of Greek History must be grateful to him. It is in the conclusions which he draws from the new evidence, and the scant courtesy with which he treats some of the old, that the main defects of his arguments lie. He uses some of the evidence of Herodotus, and ignores the rest. That of Thucydides he treats in the same way. As for that of Aristotle, he appears to regard it as wholly misleading, with regard to both Sparta in early times and Sparta in the fifth century. It seems to me that it is not unreasonable to assume that Aristotle in the fourth century before Christ had access to better evidence in support of his statements with regard to the Spartan state of the fifth century than we in the twentieth century after Christ either possess or are ever likely to possess.

The Patriarchate of Alexandria: A Study in National Christianity

1946 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Church History ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Point ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
History Of

The history of the patriarchates in the conciliar period of church history offers interesting parallels to that of the kingdoms and republics which had occupied the same territory in Hellenistic days. Like the Seleucid Empire, Antioch began with a leading position, which it gradually lost by secessions and internal divisions. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem revolted from Antioch in the fifth century A.D. as the Jews had under the Maccabees seven centuries before, although for less serious reasons. As the Hellenistic rulers of Asia Minor and Greece gradually lost out to Macedon and Rome, so the ecclesiastical jurisdictions of the same area were ultimately absorbed in the Patriarchates of Rome and Constantinople. But the closest parallel of all is in Egypt. As the Ptolemies built their power on a closely knit and almost impregnable kingdom, from which they ventured forth to take their part in the high politics of the Hellenistic world, so the patriarchs of Alexandria, backed by the united support of the Egyptian Church, took a leading part in the affairs of the great church for two centuries. After generations of splendor, the ecclesiastical, like the civil dynasty, was subject to internal divisions and harassed by external interference, and ended its career in war and catastrophe. The major aspects of this story are a familiar topic in church history, but it may repay another survey from the special point of view of the relation of church and state in Egypt.

Generation Dating in Herodotos

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Greek History

It is generally believed that a substantial number of time intervals and traditional dates given for early Greek history are the result of calculations based on genealogies and on various values for a generation. Although this method is supposed to have been used by Greek chronographers from the fifth century down at least to Kastor of Rhodes in the first, Herodotos must be our main direct evidence.

Exploration in Asia Minor during 1898: First Report

1898 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Full Account ◽  
First Report ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
The North ◽  
Preliminary Work ◽  
Scant Attention

A scheme of exploration in the central and eastern parts of Asia Minor was inaugurated last year by a series of journeys in Phrygia, the main results of which have been published in the Journal of Hellenic Studies (for 1897 and 1898). During the present season I had the good fortune to be accompanied by Mr. J. W. Crowfoot, to whom the opportunity was afforded by the liberality of the supporters of the Asia Minor Exploration Fund, and our energies were devoted chiefly to the exploration of Galatia, a country which has received but scant attention from archaeological or other travellers. But on our way thither, we did a piece of preliminary work in the shape of re-examining two difficult inscriptions which I had copied last year and visiting an unknown corner of Phrygia on the north of Mt. Dindymos (Murad Dagh). In the following paper we propose to give a full account of this preliminary excursion, and a brief sketch of our work in Galatia which will indicate in detail the routes we followed, and so impart a good deal of information that will be of use to future travellers, but cannot be conveniently repeated in our detailed discussion of the district.

Greek Historical Influence on Early Roman History

Antichthon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Matthew Trundle
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Greek History ◽  
Punic Wars ◽  
Historical Thought

AbstractThis study employs a comparative approach using Greek models of historical enquiry, especially those of Herodotus, to illustrate how Romans prior to the Punic Wars, and indeed as early as the fifth and fourth centuriesBC, might have developed their own historical consciousness and historical traditions concerning their early past in much the same way as we know the Greeks had done by the fifth centuryBC. What follows is not at all new. Many have identified Roman historical and historiographical roots, connections, and even parallels with Greek history and historians.1What follows reiterates those connections, explicitly by assessing how Herodotus presented his inquiries to his Greek audience, laying the foundations for the discipline ofhistoria, and then by examining specifically the story of the Fabii at the Cremera in Livy, Dionysius and Diodorus. Through this one historical example, I hope to show that the roots of genuine historical thought can be found in the sources of our sources for early Roman traditions. Despite the fact that these traditions appear in works written much later than the events they describe, the nature of the stories preserved in our extant accounts suggests similar historiographical roots and interest as those preserved by Herodotus for the Greeks in the stories he told in hisHistories.

Greek History

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Kostas Vlassopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Sophistic ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Greek History ◽  
The Subject ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Continuous Narrative

Political and military history used to be the main staple of ancient Greek history. This review includes a number of volumes devoted to the subject. Matteo Zaccarini's book focuses on Cimon and the period between 478 and 450 bce. Sandwiched between Herodotus’ Persian Wars and Thucydides’ Peloponnesian War, the Pentekontaetia (478–431) is the most problematic period of classical Greek history, primarily because of the lack of a continuous narrative and our reliance on much later and fragmentary sources. Zaccarini has divided his work into two sections: the first studies the development of narrative traditions concerning Cimon and his age, from the fifth century to the Second Sophistic, and presents a context for interpreting the shaping of the information provided in these traditions. This is undoubtedly the most profitable part of the work, and a good model that others could imitate. The second part attempts to present a historical reconstruction of the period 478–450 on the basis of the conclusions of the first part. Many of Zaccarini's arguments are, in my view, correct: he shows the need to emancipate our narratives from models based on competition between aristocratic/popular or pro- and anti-Spartan leaders and programmes; he argues that the late 460s–450s is the crucial period of change in the balance of internal and external forces; and he minimizes the actual significance of Cimon's role. These sensible conclusions could have been strengthened by engaging with the rethinking of the nature of early Athenian imperialism by scholars such as Lisa Kallet and John Davies. But the volume is still a worthy contribution towards reassessing this crucial period.

Aristagoras and Histiaios: The Leadership Struggle In The Ionian Revolt

1977 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
P. B. Manville
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Early Leader

In the early years of the fifth century, the Greek cities of Asia Minor attempted to free themselves from Persian rule. Our primary evidence for the unsuccessful ‘Ionian Revolt’ is literary, a patchwork from the narrative of Herodotus iv–vi.The main events of the Revolt need not be doubted: the Ionian cities were ruled by Greek puppet tyrants until the outbreak of the rebellion (Hdt. 4.136–7); Aristagoras was the early leader of the movement which began after the failure of the Persian-Milesian expedition against Naxos (5.30–5); Athens, petitioned by Aristagoras, and Eretria supplied limited support for-the Revolt (5.38; 55; 65; 97; 99);

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document