scholarly journals The Erechtheum

1880 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
A. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Original Part ◽  
Western Division ◽  
The Temple

Michaelis does not appear to me to be altogether right when he describes the Caryatid Porch at the south-west corner of The Erechtheum (B on the plan), as serving solely to cover the stair leading down from it to the western division of the temple (C). Further, I think he is wrong when he makes an entrance to the temple through the opening (A) in this porch. The mouldings at the sides show clearly that this opening was an original part of the construction; but they do not show that it was an entrance. For in the first place the step up to it from the outside—if it is a step—measures twenty inches; and in the second place, the delicate mouldings which run round the base ofthe building and are continued under this opening would be worn by almost every step that was taken up to it or down from it, as in fact they are now being worn by visitors who, with an effort, get up to the opening. Had there been an entrance at this point, these mouldings would have been discontinued, and a step placed to render the ascent fairly comfortable. Michaelis must then be wrong in making Pausanias first enter the temple at this opening. Perhaps it was here that the famous dog mentioned by Philochorus entered and descended into the Pandroseum!

scholarly journals Climate variability impacts on diversification processes in a biodiversity hotspot: a phylogeography of ancient pseudoscorpions in south-western Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Harms ◽  
J Dale Roberts ◽  
Mark S Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
The South ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
South West ◽  
Western Division

Abstract The south-western division of Australia is the only biodiversity hotspot in Australia and is well-known for extreme levels of local endemism. Climate change has been identified as a key threat for flora and fauna, but very few data are presently available to evaluate its impact on invertebrate fauna. Here, we derive a molecular phylogeography for pseudoscorpions of the genus Pseudotyrannochthonius that in the south-west are restricted to regions with the highest rainfall. A dated molecular phylogeny derived from six gene fragments is used for biogeographic reconstruction analyses, spatial mapping, environmental niche-modelling, and to infer putative species. Phylogenetic analyses uncover nine clades with mostly allopatric distributions and often small linear ranges between 0.5 and 130 km. Molecular dating suggests that the origins of contemporary diversity fall into a period of warm/humid Palaeogene climates, but splits in the phylogeny coincide with major environmental shifts, such as significant global cooling during the Middle Miocene. By testing several models of historical biogeography available for the south-west, we determine that Pseudotyrannochthonius is an ancient relict lineage that principally follows a model of allopatric speciation in mesic zone refugia, although there are derivations from this model in that some species are older and distribution patterns more complex than expected. Ecological niche models indicate that drier and warmer future climates will lead to range contraction towards refugia of highest rainfall, probably mimicking past variations that have generated high diversity in these areas. Their conservation management will be crucial for preserving the unique biodiversity heritage of the south-west.

Archaeological Discoveries in Sicily and Magna Graecia

1939 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Umberto Zanotti-Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The South ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Magna Graecia ◽  
South West ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Southern Flank

In my previous report (JHS, 1938, p. 247) I spoke of the work being carried on at Syracuse to bring to light the remains of the temple of Apollo. The east, north, and west sides had been freed by then, whilst the southern side was still hidden under seventeenth- and eighteenth-century houses, so that it had never been possible to dig trial trenches through their foundations to ascertain if any part of the temple was preserved there. The demolition of the houses and the excavation under the modern ground level beginning from the south-west angle have fully satisfied our hopes. Five columns of the southern flank of the peristasis have appeared, preserved to a height of over 2 metres, with the stylobate beneath them (Fig. 1): only the angle column had been destroyed during the building of the walls of the Spanish barracks. The cella is equally well preserved, and a third of its total length has already been liberated, although the work is in temporary suspense owing to unsettled disputes with the owners of the houses. The southern flank of the archaic Syracusan temple appears to be in much better condition than the others.

scholarly journals TEMUAN FRAGMEN GERABAH SEBAGAI INDIKASI PERMUKIMAN KUNO DI SITUS BOROBUDUR

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Agni Sesaria Mochtar
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Back Side ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Temple

Borobudur temple has been famously known as one of the Indonesian heritage masterpiece. Various aspects of it had been studied thoroughly since the beginning of 20th century A.D. Those studies tended to be monumental centric, giving less attention to the cultural context of the temple and its surroundings. Settlement in the nearby places is one of the topics which not have been studied much yet; leaving a big question about how the settlement supported continuity of many activities in the temple, or even the other way around; how the temple affected the settlement. There is only a few data about old settlement found in situ in Borobudur site, only abundance of pottery sherds. The analysis applied on to the potteries find during the 2012 excavation had given some information about the old settlement in Borobodur site. The old settlement predicted as resided in the south west area, in the back side of the monument.

scholarly journals Excavations at Zerélia, Thessaly

1908 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 197-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace ◽  
J. P. Droop ◽  
M. S. Thompson ◽  
Wilhelm Vollgraff
Keyword(s):  
Small Lakes ◽  
The South ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
South West ◽  
Prehistoric Settlements ◽  
The Temple

The mound known as Zerélia stands on a hill between two small lakes to the south-west of Almyró in Phthiotis (Fig. 1). Recent writers on the topography of the district have conjectured that this was the site of Itonos and the famous temple of Athena Itonia. We first visited the site in July 1907, and believed, that apart from the question of the site of the temple, it would repay excavation, since we recognised that the mound (Fig. 2) was probably formed by the accumulation of débris from prehistoric settlements. Thanks to a grant from the Cambridge University Worts Fund, and to subscriptions from several friends we were enabled to excavate here in June 1908.

scholarly journals To the Issue of the Distribution and Influence of Islam in the Cities of the Southwestern Zhetysu Region in the Second Half of the 8th – 12th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Arnabay A. Nurzhanov ◽  
◽  
Galina A. Ternovaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
South West ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Temple

The article examines some aspects related to the changes that have occurred in the urban culture of the South-West Zhetysu at the initial stage of the establishment of Islam. The results of archaeological research carried out at the architectural and archaeological complex Akyrtas, monuments discovered at the medieval fortified of Taraz, Kostobe, Lugovoye, Ornek are presented by the authors. The early period of Islamization includes the construction of pillar mosques (Akyrtas, Ornek), alteration of the temple into a mosque (Taraz), elements of Muslim decor in religious premises of representatives of other religions (Kostobe, Lugovoye Г) and relic manifestations in the design of the columns of the Ornek mosque. 8th–12th centuries – this was a time associated with a series of historical events: the mass resettlement of the Sogdians in connection with the seizure of Central Asia by the Arabs, the conquest of Taraz and the Talas Valley by Emir Ismail from the Samanid dynasty and the adoption of Islam by the Karakhanids.

Palatine Apollo

1956 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Private House ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Temple

The purpose of this note is to redirect attention to some of the literary evidence that concerns the site of Apollo's temple on the Palatine. For this evidence has an irritating habit of refusing to confirm what would otherwise be irrefutable archaeological proof of the temple's site. It is now fashionable to identify the site of the temple with that occupied by the temple-core that was originally assigned to Iuppiter Victor on the south-west angle of the Palatine in the region of the Scalae Caci, the Temple of Magna Mater, the Casa Romuli, and the so-called House of Liuia. This was, in the view of most scholars, Euander's citadel that Virgil calls Pallanteum and this must be the site of the Augustan buildings. Now the House of Liuia has been identified with apparent probability as the House of Augustus, and we know from literary evidence (Suet. Aug. 29, 72, Vell. 2. 81, Dio Cass. 49. 15. 5) that the temple of Apollo, Augustus' private house, and the house decreed to him by the senate (Richmond, J.R.S., 1914, pp. 194 f.) must have been in close proximity to each other. The temple-core on the south-west of the Palatine is of Augustan date and is built over the remains of houses of the late republic1 which appear to have been demolished for the purpose. If Liuia's House was the house of Augustus then Iuppiter Victor's temple must be assigned to Apollo.

III.—The Temple of Aphrodite: its Architectural History and Remains

1888 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
R. Elsey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Temple

The history of the temple, as far as it can be ascertained from literary records from the study of ancient coins and from any similar sources, is elsewhere fully discussed; it remains to examine the actual ruins of the fabric, in order to extract from them what internal evidence there may be as to the date of the various portions from the style of workmanship and the methods of construction therein employed.It will be easier to follow this examination in connection with the plan if we systematically pursue it from the south-west corner northwards. There are two great divisions into which the work may be separated—pre-Roman and Roman. In the first of these there are certainly three subdivisions, and the Roman work shows two main divisions denoting two great periods of restorative work; but the work of all these five distinct periods is so interwoven that it is not possible to separate and make them clear on a small scale plan. The two main divisions are indicated by differences in shading on the plan opposite, and the position of the more minute subdivisions will be referred to in order as they occur.

A Note on the LM IB Marine Style at Knossos

1974 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Mountjoy
Keyword(s):  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
The Temple

The published corpus of LM IB Marine Style pottery from Knossos is small. It includes: 1. A jar from the Royal Road, AR (1961–2) 28 fig. 36.2. A jar from the South-west Corner of the Palace, PM iv 280 fig. 215.3. A ewer from the House of the Sanctuary, ibid, iv 215 fig. 165.4. A tall alabastron from the Tomb of the Double Axes, TDoAx. 87.5. A bridge-spouted jar from a chamber tomb near the Temple Tomb, PM iv 279 fig. 214.6. A fragment from a jar, ibid, ii 506 fig. 310a.7. A fragment from a flower-pot, ibid, ii 506 fig. 310b–c.

Cyrene: A Survey of Certain Rock-Cut Features to the South of the Sanctuary of Apollo

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. H. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
South West ◽  
Ancient Rock ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Two Sides

Basic Structure: A broad flight of twenty-one steps leads up from the south-west angle of the Temple of Apollo to a partially paved court immediately in front of the lower face of the scarp. This is given a quadrilateral delimitation by the angular revetment of an irregularity in the scarp to the west, and by the monumental water tank to the east of the entrance to the grotto. The entrance was hewn in the cliff face in the form of three arches (now much destroyed), and was revetted with large well-draughted limestone blocks. Of these, only the lower two courses are now in situ, but individual blocks of the upper courses have been collected and amongst them are those with crowning mouldings and one bearing the fragment of a Greek inscription (height:of letters, 25 cm. approximately).The interior of the grotto consists basically of a central oblong depression, paved and cemented, surrounded on the two sides and the back by a raised staging—thus giving rise to the term of reference ‘TRICLINIUM’—while between the staging and the walls are the tanks and channels: associated with the water supply and drainage.Considered longitudinally, the interior may be divided into three entities. The first extends from the entrance to a pair of rock-hewn columns bearing rude inscriptions. Immediately above this compartment lay the terrace of an ancient rock-cut path and its collapse has breached the path and totally unroofed this section of the grotto.

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