scholarly journals Vitylo and Cargese

1882 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 354-360
Author(s):  
H. F. Tozer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
The Town ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Of Greece

The central peninsula of the three that project from the south of the Peloponnese, which since the Middle Ages has been known as the district of Maina, is one of the wildest parts of Greece owing to its rugged mountains and rocky shores, and has always been the abode of independent and intractable races. The emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus speaks of the Mainotes as having retained their primitive heathenism until the latter half of the ninth century. At the present day they are notorious for their blood-feuds, which are the scourge of the country, and seriously interfere with its social life. On the western shore of this remote district, near a small harbour that runs in from the Messenian gulf, is the town of Vitylo, one of the comparatively few places in the Morea, though these are more numerous on the seaboard than in the interior, which have retained their classical name. It was formerly called and this appellation now appears in the form which accounts for its pronunciation as Vitylo. The modern form of the name is probably the original one, for Ptolemy calls the place Rather more than two centuries ago this town was the scene of a remarkable emigration. At that time the Turks, who had made themselves masters of Crete in 1669, proceeded to attempt the subjugation of Maina. Spon and Wheler, who sailed round cape Matapan on their way to Constantinople in the summer of 1675, were told that the invaders had succeeded in reducing most of the country by means of forts built on the coasts—they seem to have been aided by the treachery of some of the inhabitants—and that part of the population had escaped to Apulia. A few months after these travellers passed by, a number of the inhabitants of Vitylo and its neighbourhood, amounting to about 1000 souls, were persuaded by the Genoese to emigrate under their auspices to Western Europe. They ware led by one of their countrymen, John Stephanopoulos, and were established by their new protectors in Corsica, which was at that time a Genoese possession; and in that island their descendants remain at the present day.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The concluding chapter highlights how the cultural history of graphic signs of authority in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages encapsulated the profound transformation of political culture in the Mediterranean and Europe from approximately the fourth to ninth centuries. It also reflects on the transcendent sources of authority in these historical periods, and the role of graphic signs in highlighting this connection. Finally, it warns that, despite the apparent dominant role of the sign of the cross and cruciform graphic devices in providing access to transcendent protection and support in ninth-century Western Europe, some people could still employ alternative graphic signs deriving from older occult traditions in their recourse to transcendent powers.

Tumultus Et Rumor in Sinagoga: An Aspect of Social Life of Provençal Jews in the Middle Ages

AJS Review ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 227-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shatzmiller
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Southern France ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Middle Ages

It is impossible to discuss the social life or the organization of the Jewish community in the Middle Ages without noting the fact that the synagogue was its center. In many cases the synagogue was the only building owned by the community as such, the only institution that actually was at everyone's disposal. It did not always happen to be a special kind of building constructed or dedicated to the worship of God: sometimes one of the city's houses, or an apartment, or a room, would serve as a synagogue. Thus we hear that in the town of Manosque in Southern France—the location of our episodes—there was in the year 1311 a synagogue located at what had formerly been the house of Macip, one of the community's members.

scholarly journals IV.—Notes on the Geology of the Country at the Base of the S.W. Slopes of the Urals

1882 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 407-410
Author(s):  
W. H. Twelvetrees
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Front Range ◽  
The South ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Town

The country at the base of and forming the south-western slope of the Urals has been little visited by geologists from Western Europe, and deserves more attention than it has received. Several years' residence in it form my excuse for recording a few notes thereon. The area I have travelled over extends from Samara on the Volga in the W. to Preobrajensky and Bieloretzky in the E., and from Orenburg in the S. to the town of Ufa in the N. The formations met with within these limits are the Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, and Jurassic. The three former are the crystalline rocks of the Urals, the western edge or front range being composed of Carboniferous grits and limestones.

scholarly journals TEXT CONTENT OF MEDIEVAL WESTERN EUROPEAN AND ANCIENT RUSSIAN EDUCATIONAL BOOKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Лариса Ивановна Ельницкая
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Virtuous Life ◽  
Western European ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Textual Content ◽  
The Middle Ages

В историко-педагогическом и теоретико-методологическом ключе рассматривается текстовое содержание средневековых западноевропейских и древнерусских учебных книг. Особое внимание отводится описанию и объяснению того, при каких дидактических и воспитательных намерениях применялось то или иное текстовое содержание этих учебных книг. Делается вывод, что в Средние века в Западной Европе и на Руси в качестве учебных использовались книги, созданные в соответствии с религиозными целями, и книги, специально подготовленные для образовательных целей. Текстовое содержание этих книг определялось средневековой культурой интеллектуального и социального бытия человека и общества. Отличительными чертами средневековых западноевропейских и древнерусских учебных книг было тяготение к энциклопедичности их текстового содержания, направленность на обучение первоначальным основам грамоты и воспитание добродетельного ведения жизни. The article examines the textual content of the medieval Western European and ancient Russian educational books. The work is done in historical, pedagogical, theoretical and methodological vein. Special attention is paid to the description and characterization of the textual content, which served for the didactic and educational intentions. There is a conclusion that in the Middle Ages in Western Europe and Russia, books used for educational objectives were created in accordance with religious goals and were specially prepared for some educational purposes. The textual content of these books was determined by the medieval culture of the intellectual and social life of a man and society. Distinctive features of medieval Western European and ancient Russian educational books were those that they had tendency to encyclopedic content, provided basic literacy and served for upbringing to live virtuous life.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF GUILD TOWARDS THE DUTCH ECONOMY AND COMMUNITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Muhammad Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
European Society ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The history of the growth of a city in Western Europe, particularly the cities in the Benelux region in the Middle Ages cannot be separated from the presence of Guilds, which is a group of craftsman for tools in need by society to lead their everyday life. With a simple and compact historical approach, this paper reveals the legacies left by Guilds in medieval times. These legacies have physical and non-physical (social systems) form in the social life of today's modern European society, especially the Dutch community who are in the Benelux region. However there are several loopholes that could bring negative impact in today's modern social life.

Irish Monks in Germany in the Late Middle Ages

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Tomás Ó Fiaich
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of

Everyone has some acquaintance with the Irish missionaries and scholars who from the sixth until the ninth century abandoned their homeland to go on a peregrinata pro Christi nomine and left a lasting imprint on the history of many countries in Western Europe. They included St Columba of Iona, Apostle of Scotland († 597), St Aidan of Lindisfarne, Aposde of Northern England († 651), St Columbanus of Luxeuil and Bobbio († 615), St Gall, after whom Sankt Gallen in Switzerland is named († c. 630), St Fursey († 650) and St Fiachra († 670) of northeast France, St Feuillen († 652) of Belgium, St Kilian and his companions of Würzburg († 689), St Fergal or Virgilius of Salzburg († 784), whose twelfth centenary was celebrated four years ago, and several others.

scholarly journals DERBENT IN CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATION SPACE OF THE MIDDLE AGES: FEATURES AND PECULIARITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
E I Inozemtseva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
The Town

The article covers the place and role of Derbent in the cultural and civilization space of the Medieval Caucasus. Basing on written sources, the author highlights important features and peculiarities of the town situated at the ‘eternal crossing’, its polyethnic nature was the main structure-forming factor and the cultural environment was a kind of symbiosis based on centuries of interaction of traditions of historically developed ethnic, confessional and social groups of townspeople. A certain negative balance in the historical and cultural process of Medieval Derbent was accounted for the slave trade. Traditionally being one of the transit centers of the slave trade in the Eastern Caucasus, in the 11th-13th centuries Derbent acquired the status of the most well-known and active slave trade market. During the process of Islamization, Dagestan people found themselves under direct influence of the Arab-Muslim civilization. Together with the religion, the rich scientific literature and fiction of the peoples of the Middle East came here and had an entirely fruitful influence on the development of spiritual life of the region. Representatives of the Muslim elite of Derbent were recognized authorities in the field of hadith science and Muslim law. Medieval Derbent was not only a religious but also a major center of spiritual culture, a kind of intellectual base and foundation of the local Muslim spiritual elite. The Arabic language and writing were critical for the formation of the local culture and science. In the comparative historical aspect, the development of Medieval Derbent had a strongly-pronounced specific character conditioned, first of all, by the centuries-old history of the town, which created unique conditions for the formation of the ethno-confessional composition of the town’s population, for the development of economic and social life. As polyethnicity was the main structure-forming factor in Derbent, it should be considered as a specific model of stable long-term interethnic interaction. For many centuries, Derbent was a well-known center of large-scale transit trade in the Eastern Caucasus. Realizing the natural needs of peoples for the exchange of goods, trade was a powerful factor of creation because it stimulated the development of crafts, science, art, development of new territories, and construction of towns. Trade was also an important factor of peace as it required political stability. At the same time, trade was a factor of dialogue culture, the culture of civilized communication, respect for customs and faith of partners in trade. An important feature of Derbent was its unique socio-cultural function: it was the center of not only economic, but also considerable cultural attraction.

THE HISTORY OF CATHOLICISM IN BASHKORTOSTAN: A BRIEF HISTORIOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
F.A. KRYZHANOVSKY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
General Nature ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
History Of

The article examines the main publications covering the centuries-old history of the Catholic Church in the lands of modern Bashkortostan, as well as partly affecting the interaction of local Catholic communities with coreligionists from other cities located in the South Urals, as well as in the Middle Volga region. Unfortunately, there are quite a few special studies on the history of this Christian denomination in our republic. Many works, in one way or another related to this issue, are of a general nature and contain a schematic listing of factual information, or are more devoted to the history of national communities, for which this religion is, to a certain extent, one of the most important elements of traditional ethnic culture. Here it is necessary to note, first of all, publications on the history of the Polish and German diaspora, which provide information about the participation of representatives of these communities in the creation of Catholic parishes and public associations associated with charity and education. At the same time, the significance of the confessional aspect is to a much lesser extent revealed in works on the history of Latvian immigrants from Latgale, Belarusians and Ukrainians from Volyn and Eastern Galicia, who, due to various circumstances, left their homes during the First World War, as well as other Catholic emigrants from Central and Western Europe, located in the Ufa province at the beginning of the XX century. In some articles on demography and striking features of social stratification, one can find indirect references to the presence of Catholics, but this information only It is noteworthy that most publications indicate the middle of the 17th century as the earliest dating of the appearance of believing Catholics in the South Urals, and evidence of missionary trips to the Eastern Hungarians during the 13th-15th centuries allows us to make hypothetical assumptions about their role in the life of the local religious community. It can be noted that the presence of a certain part of Catholics on the territory of Bashkiria during the 16th20th centuries. was associated with forced migration due to the fact that, as a result of military clashes, some of them were captured, as well as due to participation in activities that conflicted with the interests of the Russian leadership are considered, with a few exceptions, only in the context of the problem of the origin of the Bashkir people, most likely due to the modest results of the preaching.

The Influence of Islam on Albanian Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 389-408
Author(s):  
Fatmir Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Of Greece

This paper examines the influence of Islam on Albanian culture. The Islamization process of the Albanian culture was very crucial for the Albanians themselves as it gave them a new identity, which they lacked since their settlement on the Adriatic shores. According to history, Albanians, the biggest Muslim nation dwelling in the Balkans, South-East of Europe, are believed to be the descendents of the ancient Illyrians, who settled in Europe around 2500 years ago. They lived a social life based on tribalism, where every tribe had established its own cultural system and way of life. Thus, their cultural differences disallowed them to unite. Such situation did not change, even when Christianity was introduced to them. Because, Christianity came to Albania through two great dominations: Christian Catholics of Vatican (the Northern part of Albanian) and Christian Orthodox of Greece (the Southern part of Albania). The continuous religious and political suppression faced by the Albanians from their Byzantine and Latin masters enabled them to be the first people of the Balkans, who welcomed openheartedly the Ottoman Muslims and embraced Islam as their new way of life in the 15th century. The study focuses on the following issues: (1) Historical background of Albania and Albanians; (2) The genesis of Albanian culture; and (3) The process of integration between Islamic culture and Albanian culture. This research attempts to provide important findings, which will be very helpful to the Muslims and others.

Fiona J. Griffiths, Nuns’ Priests’ Tales: Men and Salvation in Medieval Women’s Monastic Life. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018, pp. 360, 29 illus.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-288
Author(s):  
Therese Martin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
Multiple Levels

The year 2018 saw the publication of two important monographs, each with groundbreaking scholarship on complementary aspects of monasticism; together they offer a clear path forward for Medieval Studies as a whole. While Fiona Griffiths’s Nuns’ Priests’ Tales and Steven Vanderputten’s Dark Age Nunneries approach the essentially interrelated natures of men’s and women’s medieval monasticism from different perspectives, it is by reading them in concert that one becomes aware of the paradigm shift they signal. In a welcome change from a traditional consideration of so-called “double” monasteries as neither fish nor fowl, Griffiths and Vanderputten offer a feast of evidence for the multiple levels of interactions between the genders—including priests and nuns, students and teachers, patrons, family members, and rulers, as well as the conventionally understood mixed religious communities of monks and nuns—at majority female monasteries in Western Christendom from the early through central Middle Ages. Vanderputten starts at the beginning of the ninth century and carries his investigation forward to the mid-eleventh, at which point Griffiths launches her study, moving the matter on from the late eleventh century into the early thirteenth.

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