Body Size, Population Density, and the Energetic Equivalence Rule

10.2307/5894 ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Marquet ◽  
Sergio A. Navarrete ◽  
Juan C. Castilla
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Size Population

Body size, population density and factors regulating suspension-cultured blue mussel (Mytilusspp.) populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Fréchette ◽  
Myriam Lachance-Bernard ◽  
Gaétan Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Size Population

Regional analysis of body size and population density in stream fish assemblages: testing predictions of the energetic equivalence rule

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1350-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H Knouft
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bergmann’S Rule ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Bergmann's Rule ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Stream Fish Assemblages

The energetic equivalence rule predicts that body mass (W) and population density (β) within an assemblage are negatively correlated and will exhibit a W–0.75 = β relationship. Bergmann's rule predicts that body size among species will increase with increasing latitude. If species body size increases with latitude, the shape of the body size – population density distribution among assemblages may also vary. This change in the body size – population density distribution, when viewed in the context of the energetic equivalence rule, may indicate an alteration in the use of available energy by individuals of different sizes within an assemblage. Twenty-eight streams were sampled across four geographically distinct regions to determine if stream fish assemblages conform to the prediction of the energetic equivalence rule. Body size in stream fish assemblages did not support the pattern predicted by Bergmann's rule, but rather was negatively correlated with latitude. Stream fish assemblages generally did not conform to the relationship predicted by the energetic equivalence rule. Moreover, these results, coupled with the predictions of the energetic equivalence rule, suggest that larger individuals tended to control a disproportionately greater amount of energy than smaller individuals in stream fish assemblages, which may be partially due to predation pressure on smaller individuals.

scholarly journals Geospatial characterizing of Under-Five Mortality in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Adel Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun ◽  
Abdelrahman Omran ◽  
Shimaa Gad El-karim Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
Low Incidence

This study aimed to identify geo-spatial pattern of under-five mortality (U5M) in Alexandria and its key determinants. We analyzed the geospatial distribution of 3064 deaths registered at 24 health offices reported from January 2018 to June 2019. The localities of Alexandria city were clustered into high and low incidence areas. Neonates represented 58.7% of U5M, while post-neonates and children were 31.1%, 10.2% respectively. Male deaths were significantly higher (P=0.036). The main leading causes of U5M were prematurity (28.32%), pneumonia (11.01%), cardiac arrest (10.57%), congenital malformation (9.95%), and childhood cardiovascular diseases (9.20%). Spatial distribution of U5M (including the most common three causes) tend to be clustered in western parts of Alexandria (El Hawaria, Bahig, Hamlis and Ketaa Maryiut). Another 9 clusters are at risk of being hotspots. Illiteracy, divorce, and poor locality characteristics (household size, population density, and access to water supply and sanitation), were statistically significant predictors of U5M.

Effects of population density on female and male burrow characteristics in the fiddler crab, Uca bengali Crane, 1975

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (12-14) ◽  
pp. 1283-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Wazed Tina ◽  
Mullica Jaroensutasinee ◽  
Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Males And Females

We examined the effects of population density on body size and burrow characteristics ofUca bengaliCrane, 1975. We predicted that (1) males in high-density areas (HD) should be larger in size and build higher quality burrows than males in low-density areas (LD), and (2) HD females should be larger in size, but build lower quality burrows than LD females, as HD females can find higher numbers of good quality male burrows around them for breeding and egg incubation. Our results showed that males and females in HD were larger in size than those in LD. Since HD males were larger in size, they built higher quality burrows than males in LD. On the other hand, even though LD females were smaller in size than HD ones, they built higher quality burrows than HD females. Our results thus indicate that density effects both body size and burrow characteristics.

scholarly journals Is the relationship between population density and body size consistent across independent studies? A meta-analytical approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. BINI ◽  
A. S. G COELHO ◽  
J. A. F. DINIZ-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
Homogeneity Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship

The Energetic Equivalence Rule (EER) is a controversial issue in ecology. This rule states that the amount of energy that each species uses per unit of area is independent of its body size. Here, we perform a meta-analytical procedure to combine and compare the slopes of population density and body size relationships across independent studies of mammals and birds. We then compared a distribution of 50,000 bootstrap combined slopes with the expected slope (b = -0.75) under the EER. The combined slopes obtained for mammals and birds separately were -0.755 and -0.321, respectively. The homogeneity hypothesis (i. e. within studies the slopes differ by no more than would be expected due sampling variation) was rejected in both cases. So, EER cannot be supported since the use of an exponent of -0.75 is, in fact, an oversimplification. Significant heterogeneity of slopes within each group (mammals and birds) is an indicator of inferential problems related with variation in body size, spatial scale, the regression model adopted and phylogenetic relationships among species. So, we consider that questions regarding the estimation and validity of slopes is the next challenge of density-body size relationship studies.

Body Size with Relation to Population Density in Mammals

1955 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor B. Scheffer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density
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