Priority Effects in Temporary Pools: Nature and Outcome of Mosquito Larva-Toad Tadpole Interactions Depend on Order of Entrance

10.2307/5701 ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Blaustein ◽  
Joel Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Larva ◽  
Temporary Pools ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Toad Tadpole

Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools

Oecologia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Eitam ◽  
Leon Blaustein ◽  
Marc Mangel
Keyword(s):  
Temporary Pools ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Salamandra Salamandra

Conservation and Restoration of Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Woody Plant Encroachment ◽  
Humpty Dumpty ◽  
Alternate States ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Stocking Rates

Conservation programs alter herbivore stocking rates and find and protect the remaining areas that have not been plowed or converted to crops. Restoration is an ‘Acid Test’ for ecology. If we fully understand how grassland systems function and assemble after disturbance, then it should be easy to restore them after they have been degraded or destroyed. Alternatively, the idea that restorations will not be equivalent to remnants has been termed the ‘Humpty Dumpty’ hypothesis—once lost, it cannot be put back together again. Community assembly may follow rules, and if these rules are uncovered, then we may be able to accurately predict final species composition after assembly. Priority effects are sometimes found depending on species arrival orders, and they can result in alternate states. Woody plant encroachment is the increase in density and biomass of woody plants, and it is strongly affecting grassland C and water cycles.

scholarly journals Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouwe R. Reijenga ◽  
David J. Murrell ◽  
Alex L. Pigot
Keyword(s):  
Priority Effects

scholarly journals Priority Treatment Leaves Grassland Restoration Vulnerable to Invasion

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine L. Stuble ◽  
Truman P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Target Species ◽  
California Grasslands ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Regional Species Pool ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
One Year

Priority effects can be used to promote target species during restoration. Early planting can provide an advantage over later-arriving species, increasing abundance of these early-arrivers in restored communities. However, we have limited knowledge of the indirect impacts of priority effects in restoration. In particular, we do not understand how priority effects impact non-target species. Of particular conservation concern is how these priority effects influence establishment by non-native species. We use a field-based mesocosm experiment to explore the impacts of priority effects on both target and non-target species in California grasslands. Specifically, we seeded native grasses and forbs, manipulating order of arrival by planting them at the same time, planting forbs one year before grasses, planting grasses one year before forbs, or planting each functional group alone. While our study plots were tilled and weeded for the first year, the regional species pool was heavily invaded. We found that, while early-arrival of native grasses did not promote establishment of non-native species, giving priority to native forbs ultimately left our restoration mesocosms vulnerable to invasion by non-native species. This suggests that, in some cases, establishment of non-native species may be an unintended consequence of using priority treatments as a restoration tool.

scholarly journals Seasonality and competition select for variable germination behavior in perennials

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna ten Brink ◽  
Thomas Ray Haaland ◽  
Oystein Hjorthol Opedal
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
Unpredictable Environments ◽  
Evolutionary Simulation ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Germination Timing

The common occurrence of within-population variation in germination behavior and associated traits such as seed size has long fascinated evolutionary ecologists. In annuals, unpredictable environments are known to select for bet-hedging strategies causing variation in dormancy duration and germination strategies. Variation in germination timing and associated traits is also commonly observed in perennials, and often tracks gradients of environmental predictability. Although bet-hedging is thought to occur less frequently in long-lived organisms, these observations suggest a role of bet-hedging strategies in perennials occupying unpredictable environments. We use complementary numerical and evolutionary simulation models of within- and among-individual variation in germination behavior in seasonal environments to show how bet-hedging interacts with density dependence, life-history traits, and priority effects due to competitive differences among germination strategies. We reveal substantial scope for bet-hedging to produce variation in germination behavior in long-lived plants, when "false starts" to the growing season results in either competitive advantages or increased mortality risk for alternative germination strategies. Additionally, we find that two distinct germination strategies can evolve and coexist through negative frequency-dependent selection. These models extend insights from bet-hedging theory to perennials and explore how competitive communities may be affected by ongoing changes in climate and seasonality patterns.

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