Optimal Twig-Size Selection of a Generalist Herbivore, the Moose Alces alces: Implications for Plant-Herbivore Interactions

10.2307/5286 ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Jonsdottir Vivas ◽  
Bernt-Erik Saether ◽  
Reidar Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Alces Alces ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Plant-Herbivore Interactions: A Case of an Extreme Generalist, the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rioja ◽  
Vladimir Zhurov ◽  
Kristie Bruinsma ◽  
Miodrag Grbic ◽  
Vojislava Grbic
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Plant-herbivore interactions evolved over long periods of time, resulting in an elaborate arms race between interacting species. While specialist herbivores evolved specific strategies to cope with the defenses of a limited number of hosts, our understanding of how generalist herbivores deal with the defenses of a plethora of diverse host plants is largely unknown. Understanding the interaction between a plant host and a generalist herbivore requires an understanding of the plant’s mechanisms aimed at defending itself and the herbivore’s mechanisms intended to counteract diverse defenses. In this review, we use the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) as an example of a generalist herbivore, as this chelicerate pest has a staggering number of plant hosts. We first establish that the ability of TSSM to adapt to marginal hosts underlies its polyphagy and agricultural pest status. We then highlight our understanding of direct plant defenses against spider mite herbivory and review recent advances in uncovering mechanisms of spider mite adaptations to them. Finally, we discuss the adaptation process itself, as it allows TSSM to overcome initially effective plant defenses. A high-quality genome sequence and developing genetic tools, coupled with an ease of mite experimental selection to new hosts, make TSSM an outstanding system to study the evolution of host range, mechanisms of pest xenobiotic resistance and plant-herbivore interactions. In addition, knowledge of plant defense mechanisms that affect mite fitness are of practical importance, as it can lead to development of new control strategies against this important agricultural pest. In parallel, understanding mechanisms of mite counter adaptations to these defenses is required to maintain the efficacy of these control strategies in agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Predictive framework for codend size selection of brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) in the North Sea beam-trawl fishery

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0200464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Santos ◽  
Bent Herrmann ◽  
Daniel Stepputtis ◽  
Claudia Günther ◽  
Bente Limmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Brown Shrimp ◽  
Beam Trawl ◽  
Crangon Crangon ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Beam ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Neighbourhood effects determine plant-herbivore interactions below-ground

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Elias Zwimpfer ◽  
Maxime R. Hervé ◽  
Zoe Bont ◽  
Matthias Erb
Keyword(s):  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Size Selection of Atlantic Rangia Clams, Rangia cuneata, by Blue Crabs, Callinectes sapidus

Estuaries ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Ebersole ◽  
Victor S. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Blue Crabs ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Rangia Cuneata ◽  
Selection Of

An Exon Trapping System Providing Size Selection of Spliced Clones and Facilitating Direct Cloning

1994 ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Datson ◽  
Geoffrey M. Duyk ◽  
Lau A. J. Blonden ◽  
Gert-Jan B. Van Ommen ◽  
Johan T. Den Dunnen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cloning ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Exon Trapping ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meret Huber ◽  
Thomas Roder ◽  
Sandra Irmisch ◽  
Alexander Riedel ◽  
Saskia Gablenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Root Herbivore ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense metabolites and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence herbivore behavior and feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We demonstrate that TA-G is rapidly deglycosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha β-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglycosylation. Using plants and insect RNA interference, we show that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense metabolite. Our work illustrates the multifacteted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions.

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