General History of Africa, Vol. II: Ancient Civilizations of Africa

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
J. Jeffrey Hoover ◽  
G. Mokhtar ◽  
UNESCO
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations

Newton and the Origin of Civilization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Z. Buchwald ◽  
Mordechai Feingold
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radical Ideas

Isaac Newton’s Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, published in 1728, one year after the great man’s death, unleashed a storm of controversy. And for good reason. The book presents a drastically revised timeline for ancient civilizations, contracting Greek history by five hundred years and Egypt’s by a millennium. This book tells the story of how one of the most celebrated figures in the history of mathematics, optics, and mechanics came to apply his unique ways of thinking to problems of history, theology, and mythology, and of how his radical ideas produced an uproar that reverberated in Europe’s learned circles throughout the eighteenth century and beyond. The book reveals the manner in which Newton strove for nearly half a century to rectify universal history by reading ancient texts through the lens of astronomy, and to create a tight theoretical system for interpreting the evolution of civilization on the basis of population dynamics. It was during Newton’s earliest years at Cambridge that he developed the core of his singular method for generating and working with trustworthy knowledge, which he applied to his study of the past with the same rigor he brought to his work in physics and mathematics. Drawing extensively on Newton’s unpublished papers and a host of other primary sources, the book reconciles Isaac Newton the rational scientist with Newton the natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian, and chronologist of ancient history.

The Origins and Effectiveness of the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (147) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Ian Harding
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
War Victims

It gives us pleasure to publish extracts from a remarkable unpublished work by an Australian author, Ian Harding. In four chapters (Antiquity, Islam, Some European Developments, Henry Dunant) it covers the origins of the Geneva Conventions from ancient civilizations, and then goes on to explain their significance in international law and action (The Conventions, The Propositions, The Conclusions). The passages we quote below deal with the history of humanitarian ideas and the laborious efforts, repeated time and time again throughout the centuries, for the ever more effective protection of human dignity. (Ed.).

Water Security and Armed Conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Rhett B. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
International Law ◽  
River Water ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Human Conflict

Water has not just been the locus of human cooperation, as seen in our early ancient civilizations arising along the banks of desert rivers. It has also been the geography of our conflicts. Indeed, the role of water in human conflict can be seen even in our languages. For example, the word “rival” comes from the Latin word rivalis, meaning those who share a river. Water has been a strategic target and even a weapon in war. In very rare instances, disputes over water have escalated into violence. Water stress results in instability, rising food prices, and desperation, which are often dry kindling for radicalization. This chapter discusses the history of water and violence, why water is more often a source of cooperation than conflict, and the role international law has, and may, play in continuing the pattern of water as a catalyst for peace.

scholarly journals MOVIMENTOS DE DANÇA E LITERATURA: SALOMÉ E A CABEÇA DE JOÃO BATISTA NO RELATO DE MARCOS [Enéias Farias Tavares (UFSM)] [Juliana de Abreu Werner T. (UFRGS)]

REPERTÓRIO ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Teatro & Dança Repertório
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<div>A dança perpassa a história de todas as civilizações antigas. Na cultura primitiva, ela estabelece uma forma de comunicação única entre um povo e suas tradições. Essa comunicação ocorre por meio de um vocabulário próprio de movimentos e gestos corporais que também farão parte dos rituais religiosos. No caso dos textos judaicos, a dança está associada a comemorações bélicas, à conquista militar, à realização pessoal e ao culto à divindade, além de exemplificar um aspecto do “ritual pagão” dos povos não-judaicos. Por sua vez, o episódio envolvendo a filha de Herodias, Salomé, registrado nos evangelhos de <em>Mateus e Marcos</em>, foi relido nos séculos posteriores figurando sua dança apenas em associação com a licenciosidade romana. O objetivo desse texto é analisar a relação dos textos velho-testamentários com a dança e opô-la ao relato de Marcos, ressaltando o modo peculiar com que o autor constrói sua narrativa. Nesse sentido, buscamos uma aproximação entre o texto literário bíblico e as práticas da dança no contexto judaico e romano.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><br />Dance passes through the history of all ancient civilizations. In the culture of primitive society, it provides a unique form of communication between people and their traditions. This communication occurs through a specific vocabulary of movements and body gestures which is also part of religious rituals. In the case of Jewish texts, the dance is associated with the celebration of war, military conquest, personal accomplishment and to worship their god, besides its "pagan worship" nature in non-Jewish cultures. On the other hand, the story of the dance of Salome, in <em>Matthew and Mark</em>, was reread in later centuries fi guring dance only in association with the Roman licentiousness. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship of old-testamentary texts with dance and oppose them to Mark's account, highlighting the peculiar way in which the author described the dance, the setting and characters of the story. In this sense, we seek an approximation between biblical literary text and the practice of dance in a Jewish and Roman context.</div></div>

“It was a man of labor”: in memory of M.M. Khvostov

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Mikhail Novikov ◽  
Tatyana Perfilova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
The Creation

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the scientific work of the famous Russian historian, a graduate of the Imperial Moscow University, M.M. Khvostov, who made a serious contribution to the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of historical science, as well as to the study of socio-economic problems of the historical process in ancient civilizations and especially in Hellenistic Egypt. Previously unexplored aspects of its scientific and professional culture are revealed. An application is formulated for the creation of a detailed study on the image of historical science in the interpretation of the kazan professor within the framework of the “new” history of intellectual thought.

History of water and health from ancient civilizations to modern times

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Vuorinen ◽  
P.S. Juuti ◽  
T.S. Katko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
Drinkable Water ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper examines the influence of water on public health throughout history. Farming, settling down and building of villages and towns meant the start of the problems mankind suffers from this very day – how to get drinkable water for humans and cattle and how to manage the waste we produce. The availability of water in large quantities has been considered an essential part of a civilized way of life in different periods: Roman baths needed a lot of water as does the current Western way of life with water closets and showers. The importance of good quality drinking water was realized already in antiquity, yet the importance of proper sanitation was not understood until the 19th century.

Susruta of India, an unrecognized contributor to the history of exercise physiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1553-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Maximum Limit

When considering the history of exercise physiology, authors begin with Hippocrates and the “Golden Age” of Greece before mentioning Galen and the contributions from Rome. However, this approach has omitted the information from the ancient civilizations of India which flourished before and during the emergence of Mycenaen cultures. Specifically ignored have been 1) the tridosa doctrine (humoral theory), which as early as 1500 B.C., emphasized that disease occurred because of a displacement of one or more of the three humors, with health being achieved when the humors were in equilibrium and 2) the perspective of Susruta (Sushruta) who was a 600 B.C. physician who included exercise in his prescriptions to prevent and treat diseases. Susruta not only advocated exercise to maintain equilibrium among the humors, notably kapha, he promoted exercise to minimize the consequences of obesity and diabetes. To be effective, exercise had to be daily and moderate in intensity and never excessive or to exceed the half-maximum limit for exhaustion, because disease or even death could ensue. It is concluded that Susruta's concepts pertaining to chronic exercise and to the health benefits of exercise were “remarkably modern” and that future authors on the history of exercise physiology should include contributions from ancient India.

scholarly journals Construção com Terra: Breve Histórico e Técnicas

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Mariana Aparecida Giraldelli ◽  
Fabricia Cristina Lemos Melo ◽  
Osvaldo Alves Pereira ◽  
Maria Aparecida Domingues ◽  
Stefani Karoline Teodoro Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Raw Earth

A utilização do solo como matéria prima para técnicas construtivas surgiu junto com a necessidade de os seres humanos se fixarem em locais, construindo as primeiras habitações e sociedades. As primeiras construções em terra crua são datas com mais de 7.000 anos A.C., sendo observado que a utilização desta matéria prima ocorreu em quase todos os continentes devido à diversidade quantidade do material e ao clima. No Brasil, as técnicas construtivas com terra crua foram amplamente utilizadas no período colonial com forte influência dos portugueses que introduziram as técnicas de adobe, taipa de mão e taipa de pilão. Tais técnicas construtivas se mantiveram presentes, mas este modo de construir vem perdendo espaço no final do século VIII e até meados do século XIX e se vê cada vez mais marginalizado. Conhecer estas técnicas construtivas que remontam as civilizações antigas, a sua história e seus métodos e necessário para apreender e entender parte da cultura e das tradições humana. Esta revisão narrativa, baseada em livros, artigos e seminários, faz um levantamento sobre a história da matéria prima solo na construção civil, apresentando cronologicamente as técnicas e métodos construtivos que foram utilizadas em diferentes regiões, com foco nas construções em terra crua conhecidos e usuais no Brasil.   Palavras-chave: Construções em Terra. Arquitetura de Terra. Bioconstrução.   Abstract The use of soil as raw material for construction techniques arose along with the need for human beings to settle in places, building the first houses and societies. The first constructions on raw earth are dates more than 7,000 years B.C., being observed that the use of this raw material occurred in almost all the continents due to the diversity of the material and the climate. In Brazil, the construction techniques with raw earth were widely used in the colonial period with a strong influence of the Portuguese who introduced the techniques of adobe, rammed earth and rammed earth. Such construction techniques remained present, but this way of building has been losing ground in the late 8th century and until the middle of the 19th century and is increasingly marginalized. Knowing these constructive techniques that go back to ancient civilizations, their history and their methods is necessary to learn and understand part of human culture and traditions. This narrative review, based on books, articles and seminars, surveys the history of soil raw material in civil construction, chronologically presenting the construction techniques and methods that were used in different regions, focusing on the known and usual raw earth constructions in Brazil.   Keywords: Earth Constructions. Earth Architecture. Bioconstruction.

scholarly journals This research aims to identify the impact of innovation hard strategy to acquire historical perceptions of the average first-grade students. There is no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experim

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-170
Author(s):  
M. Dr. Kassem Ismail Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material History ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

   This research aims to identify the impact of innovation hard strategy to acquire historical perceptions of the average first-grade students. There is no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students to acquire a historical concepts studying material history of ancient civilizations, and the average score of the control group students who are studying the same material using the traditional method. Search Tool: For the purpose of achieving the goal of a promising research tool for the researcher to measure, a test to gain historical concepts for students (sample) consisting of (paragraph 60) has been verified sincerity and persistence. research results: By processing the data results showed statistically higher than the experimental group to the control group to test the acquisition of historical concepts, the research sample adult (64) students distributed a training group (32) and adult control group (32 students). In light of the search results researcher recommends to pay attention to the use of modern teaching strategies Keywords: serious creativity strategy

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