A Rainfall Intensity-Duration Threshold for Landslides in a Humid-Tropical Environment, Puerto Rico

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Larsen ◽  
Andrew Simon
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Duration Threshold

scholarly journals Drivers of Wetland Conversion in the Tropical Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Benjamin Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Wetland Loss ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
User Group ◽  
Wetland Dynamics ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Wetland Conversion

<p>The study identified factors responsible for wetland dynamics and negative marks produced on the environment in the area.  It equally suggested efforts aimed at reducing effects of the factors on the environment. The study incorporated both meta-analysis of case studies and questionnaires distribution and administration to the respondents who are mainly members of the Fadama User Group (FUG). The results showed changes in rainfall intensity as the major factor responsible for wetland loss; followed by settlement developments and loss of soil water due to river drainage. The results further revealed the effects of the factors to include siltation of drainages, destruction of ecosystem and loss of wetness, and emergent of heavy flooding. The study concluded by suggesting efforts aimed at reducing the influence of the factors on the environment.</p>

scholarly journals Characteristics of landslides in unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits, southern Kyushu, Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 6351-6378 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamao ◽  
R. C. Sidle ◽  
T. Gomi ◽  
F. Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Flow ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Antecedent Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Duration Threshold ◽  
Different Types

Abstract. We investigated 184 landslides that occurred in unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits (Shirasu) on southern Kyushu Island, Japan, that included detailed data on the rainfall characteristics and the timing of slope failure. Localized rainfall intensity, antecedent rainfall, and topography affected the hydrologic processes that triggered landslides. Antecedent rainfall (adjusted for evapotranspiration losses) for large (> 200 mm) storms that triggered landslides was much lower than for smaller (≤ 200 mm) storms. Mean storm intensity and antecedent 7 day rainfall (API7) thresholds of > 5 mm h-1 and ≤ 30 mm (or API30 ≤ 60 mm), respectively, were useful to identify landslides triggered by rapid pore water pressure response, especially for shorter (< 20 h) duration events. During smaller storms with lower intensity, landslides are likely affected by a combined increase in soil weight and loss of suction when API30 ≥ 150 mm; simulations indicated that these weight and suction changes due to rainfall accumulation decreased factor of safety in steep Shirasu slopes, but did not necessarily trigger the landslides. All but two of the 21 landslides that plotted below a general rainfall intensity-duration threshold for landslide initiation had API30 values > 235 mm, indicating that they were highly influenced by the combined effects of the accumulated weight of rainfall and loss of suction. Our findings show that both event rainfall characteristics and antecedent conditions affect the hydrogeomorphic processes that trigger different types of landslides in Shirasu. This knowledge and the thresholds we have identified are useful for predicting the occurrence of different types of landslides in Shirasu deposits and improving sediment disaster prevention practices, including real-time warning systems.

scholarly journals A Rainfall Intensity-Duration Threshold for Mass Movement in Badulla, Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (12) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. C. Perera ◽  
D. T. Jayawardana ◽  
Pathmakumara Jayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Duration Threshold

A physics-based model to derive rainfall intensity-duration threshold for debris flow

Geomorphology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 106930 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Zhang ◽  
C.X. Xu ◽  
F.Q. Wei ◽  
K.H. Hu ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Duration Threshold

scholarly journals Characteristics of landslides in unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits, southern Kyushu, Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamao ◽  
R. C. Sidle ◽  
T. Gomi ◽  
F. Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Flow ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Duration Threshold ◽  
Different Types

Abstract. We investigated 184 landslides that occurred in unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits (Shirasu) on southern Kyushu Island, Japan, that included detailed data on the rainfall characteristics and the timing of slope failure. Localized rainfall intensity, antecedent precipitation index (API), and topography affected the hydrologic processes that triggered landslides. API (adjusted for evapotranspiration losses) for large ( >  200 mm) storms that triggered landslides was much lower than for smaller ( ≤  200 mm) storms. Mean storm intensity and 7-day API (API7) thresholds of  >  5 mmh−1 and  ≤  30 mm (or API30 ≤  60 mm), respectively, were useful to identify landslides triggered by rapid pore water pressure response, especially for shorter ( <  20 h) duration events. During smaller storms with lower intensity, landslides are likely affected by a combined increase in soil weight and loss of suction when API30 ≥  150 mm; simulations indicated that these weight and suction changes due to rainfall accumulation decreased the factor of safety in steep Shirasu slopes, but did not necessarily trigger the landslides. Most of the landslides that were plotted below a general rainfall intensity–duration threshold for landslide initiation occurred during smaller storms with API30 values  >  200 mm, indicating that they were highly influenced by the combined effects of the accumulated weight of rainfall and loss of suction. Our findings show that both event rainfall characteristics and API affect the hydrogeomorphic processes that trigger different types of landslides in Shirasu. This knowledge and the thresholds we have identified are useful for predicting the occurrence of different types of landslides in unwelded Shirasu deposits and improving sediment disaster prevention practices, including real-time warning systems.

The Planetary Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Orit Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
World War ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Richard Neutra ◽  
Second World

In 1943, in the midst of the Second World War, the famous architect Richard Neutra was commissioned by the government of Puerto Rico to build hospitals and schools. In response, he produced a number of prototypes and processes investigating different ways to ventilate and climate control buildings in the sub-tropical environment of the island through technology. Neutra famously labeled his work in Puerto Rico a Planetary Test. This article examines this history of making climate a medium for design and the implications of these practices for our present

scholarly journals Performance of Oilseed Sunflower Cultivars in an Oxisol in Northwestern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
J. Badillo-Feliciano ◽  
L. Calduch
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Infertile Soils

Oil yield potential of five high yielding sunflower cultivars grown under tropical conditions in an Oxisol in northwestern Puerto Rico was evaluated. No significant yield differences were measured with cultivars Sputnik, Peredovik, Hybrid 891, Hybrid 894, and Hybrid 896. In spite of this fact, a fieldwide average of 1616 kg/ha was obtained. Yields of this magnitude are considered rather high for oilseed sunflowers under a tropical environment. The key to successful sunflower production in the deep, well-drained, acid, and relatively infertile soils of the tropics seems to lie in the use of high yielding cultivars coupled with rational fertilization and sound crop and soil management practices.

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