Predicting Windborne Displacements of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens from Synoptic Weather Data. 1. Long-Distance Displacements in the North-East Monsoon

10.2307/4798 ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Rosenberg ◽  
J. I. Magor
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Synoptic Weather

Genetic variation among Asian populations of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): mitochondrial DNA sequences

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Mun ◽  
Y.H. Song ◽  
K.L. Heong ◽  
G.K. Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Populations

AbstractMany species of insects associated with cultivated rice do not over-winter in Korea and Japan, but migrate into these areas each year. To understand better the origins of these immigrations as well as the geographic structure of rice pests in Asian rice growing regions, intraspecific variation in two species of delphacid planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera Horvath, was examined. An 850 base pair region of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase-I (CO-I) was sequenced from a total of 71 individuals collected from 11 localities in seven countries: Korea, Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. In N. lugens, three haplotypes were found and all populations sampled shared a dominant haplotype. Localities in Korea contained two haplotypes and localities in China and the Philippines contained three. However, in samples from the Indochina peninsula no variation was detected either within or between populations, consistent with a hypothesis of regular migration and gene flow. These populations did not contain some haplotypes found in Korea, suggesting they were not the source of yearly immigration into Korea and, by extension, Japan. Populations from China did share haplotypes with Korea, which was consistent with the hypothesis that China was the source for yearly immigration into Korea. There was insufficient resolution to distinguish among populations in China. For N. lugens, the data suggested that populations south of the Red River Valley in Vietnam experienced regular mixing and were distinct from populations to the north which contributed to yearly immigrations. In S. furcifera, there was less differentiation among populations. Two haplotypes were found in all populations except Malaysia. The results for both species were consistent with seasonal weather data and indicated that more detailed analysis of DNA sequence data will be fruitful.

Spaces of encounter: informal markets in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Peter Mörtenböck ◽  
Helge Mooshammer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
World Congress ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Past ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Vast Network

In the past two decades numerous large-scale informal markets have emerged on the fringes of European cities in the wake of global geopolitical transformations. Relying on individualised long-distance connections and adapting to diverse local situations, they produce a proliferating array of unregulated urban architectures while providing habitats for millions of undocumented existences. One such case is the infamous Arizona Market not far from the north Bosnian town of Brc̆ko, a place that has been transformed from a border guard post into a major hub for people trafficking and prostitution and now into a multi-ethnic centre of ubiquitous consumption. Another one, Izmailovo Market in the north-east of Moscow, the largest informal trading centre in the region with links to all parts of the Russian Federation and beyond, has grown into a Babylonian site of 15 specialised trading areas that rivals the Moscow Kremlin both in terms of size and visitor attractiveness. And when the 22nd World Congress of Architecture was held in Istanbul under the motto ‘Grand Bazaar of Architectures’, a bazaar of a very different kind traded outside the tourist centres: a vast network of provisional, informal street markets that establish themselves right alongside the building sites of official urban regeneration, beneath terraces of motorways and next to newly constructed tram lines. Before exploring the dynamics of these spaces in more detail, let us address briefly the socio-economic conditions underlying the rise of informal markets.

scholarly journals Long-distance dispersal of an Amur tiger indicates potential to restore the North-east China/Russian Tiger Landscape

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianming Wang ◽  
Limin Feng ◽  
Pu Mou ◽  
Jianping Ge ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China ◽  
Amur Tiger ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

scholarly journals THE DESIGN OF A SLOTTED VERTICAL SCREEN BREAKWATER

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Gardner ◽  
I.H. Townend ◽  
C.A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
City Council ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Marine Site ◽  
A Site ◽  
Two Sides

This paper describes Che wave studies, model testing and structural design of a 250 metre long slotted vertical screen breakwater for a marina at Plymouth, England. The marina is being developed by Plymouth City Council to provide a purpose built facility for hosting the major long distance races that start or finish at Plymouth, in addition to the usual marina facilities for private boat owners. After examining three alternative locations Plymouth Council selected a site in the north-east corner of Plymouth Sound as shown in Figure 1. The site is confined on two sides by existing shipping channels and by a rocky shore on the land side. Exposure to wave attack is limited to the south west sector. Because the existing seabed at the marine site was the responsibility of the Duchy of Cornwall, an Act of Parliament was required before Plymouth Council could commence construction. The Act contains clauses regulating the use of the marina and the permissable changes to the wave conditions in the adjacent shipping channels.

Kokborok and the simple-complex reflexive distinction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gargi Roy ◽  
Kārumūri V Subbārāo ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Martin Everaert
Keyword(s):  
Binding Theory ◽  
Simple Complex ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Local Binding

Abstract This paper presents an in-depth investigation of the binding strategies in Kokborok and we will look more specifically how this sheds light on the theories of reflexivization. Kokborok, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tripura, a state in the North-East of India, has two reflexives: sak sak ‘self self’ and sak baithaŋ ‘self self’. The form sak sak ‘self self’ conforms to Principle A of classic Binding Theory, blocking long-distance binding, but this does not hold true for sak baithaŋ allowing non-local binding. It is a well-established fact that some reflexives allow non-local binding, but it is generally assumed that this phenomenon is limited to a certain type of reflexive, morpho-syntactically ‘simple reflexives.’ The so-called ‘complex reflexives’ generally bar non-local binding, and the Kokborok reflexive sak baithaŋ seems an exception to that. This paper explores the uniqueness involved in the nature of anaphoric binding in Kokborok.

scholarly journals Optimizing the bioenergy water footprint by selecting SRC willow canopy phenotypes: regional scenario simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Richard ◽  
Goetz M Richter ◽  
Marianna Cerasuolo ◽  
Ian Shield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Recent Climate

Abstract Background and Aims Bioenergy is central for the future energy mix to mitigate climate change impacts; however, its intricate link with the water cycle calls for an evaluation of the carbon–water nexus in biomass production. The great challenge is to optimize trade-offs between carbon harvest and water use by choosing cultivars that combine low water use with high productivity. Methods Regional scenarios were simulated over a range of willow genotype × environment interactions for the major UK soil × climate variations with the process-based model LUCASS. Soil available water capacity (SAWC) ranged from 51 to 251 mm and weather represented the north-west (wet, cool), north-east (dry, cool), south-west (wet, warm) and south-east (dry, warm) of the UK. Scenario simulations were evaluated for small/open narrow-leaf (NL) versus large/closed broad-leaf (BL) willow canopy phenotypes using baseline (1965–89) and warmer recent (1990–2014) weather data. Key Results The low productivity under baseline climate in the north could be compensated by choosing BL cultivars (e.g. ‘Endurance’). Recent warmer climate increased average productivity by 0.5–2.5 t ha−1, especially in the north. The modern NL cultivar ‘Resolution’ had the smallest and most efficient water use. On marginal soils (SAWC <100 mm), yields remained below an economic threshold of 9 t ha−1 more frequently under baseline than recent climate. In the drought-prone south-east, ‘Endurance’ yielded less than ‘Resolution’, which consumed on average 17 mm year−1 less water. Assuming a planting area of 10 000 ha, in droughty years between 1.3 and 4.5 × 106 m3 of water could be saved, with a small yield penalty, for ‘Resolution’. Conclusions With an increase in air temperature and occasional water scarcities expected with climate change, high-yielding NL cultivars should be the preferred choice for sustainable use of marginal lands and reduced competition with agricultural food crops.

Observations on the autumn migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and other pests in east central China

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Riley ◽  
D.R. Reynolds ◽  
A.D. Smith ◽  
L.J. Rosenberg ◽  
Cheng Xia-nian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Central China ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
The South ◽  
East Central ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Monsoon Winds

AbstractRadar, aerial netting and ground sampling were used to study the autumn migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) in Jiangsu Province in east central China. Emigration of macropterous adults increased from late August until late September as the main rice crop matured and was harvested. In early and mid September, the resulting windborne migrations carried the planthoppers mainly towards the west, although the migration directions ranged (within the western sector) from south to north. By late September, however, displacements were predominantly to the south-west on the then prevailing north-east monsoon winds: migration was particularly rapid when the north-easterlies were reinforced by typhoons. Although in late September such movements to more southerly latitudes are essential for the survival of the planthoppers' progeny, we found no definite evidence for preferential emigration on winds blowing towards the south. There were, however, indications that when winds towards the north occurred, the duration of migratory flight was curtailed. Irrespective of any possible preference for migration on northerlies, a large proportion of the N. lugens population would normally be carried in an adaptive southwards direction, because the advent of the north-east monsoon occurs at a time when the number of flight-ready planthoppers approaches its peak.

scholarly journals The Genetic Structure of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) in Java Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Ruth Martha Winnie ◽  
Rika Raffiudin ◽  
I Nyoman Widiarta ◽  
Aunu Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fixation Indices ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) causes hopperburn in the rice field. The wing macropterous adults of this insect have capability for long distance flight. We aimed to analyze the genetic structure of six N. lugens populations in Java inferred from the combined COI-COII mitochondrial and ten loci of microsatellites markers. This study found low levels of nucleotides and high levels of haplotype diversity of the planthopper. The demographic test might indicate the genetic bottleneck history of N. lugens population in Java. The genetic diversity analyzed by using microsatellite markers also showed high levels of heterozygosity (Ho>He) that indicated an isolated-breaking effect in the six populations in Java. Moreover, we found a homogenous genetic structure of N. lugens based on pairwise fixation indices (Fst) analyzes that appears to be maintained by high levels of gene flow and showed no correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Importantly, these studies also support accurate information of widely distributed and genetically intermixed among N. lugens across Asia populations. Thus, our results support the theory of long-distance migration among N. lugenspopulations. The genetic structure information of N. lugens in Java could support regional management, such as the new controlling strategies based on forecasting systems.

scholarly journals Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. 9152-9157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan Star ◽  
Sanne Boessenkool ◽  
Agata T. Gondek ◽  
Elena A. Nikulina ◽  
Anne Karin Hufthammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Knowledge of the range and chronology of historic trade and long-distance transport of natural resources is essential for determining the impacts of past human activities on marine environments. However, the specific biological sources of imported fauna are often difficult to identify, in particular if species have a wide spatial distribution and lack clear osteological or isotopic differentiation between populations. Here, we report that ancient fish-bone remains, despite being porous, brittle, and light, provide an excellent source of endogenous DNA (15–46%) of sufficient quality for whole-genome reconstruction. By comparing ancient sequence data to that of modern specimens, we determine the biological origin of 15 Viking Age (800–1066 CE) and subsequent medieval (1066–1280 CE) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) specimens from excavation sites in Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Archaeological context indicates that one of these sites was a fishing settlement for the procurement of local catches, whereas the other localities were centers of trade. Fish from the trade sites show a mixed ancestry and are statistically differentiated from local fish populations. Moreover, Viking Age samples from Haithabu, Germany, are traced back to the North East Arctic Atlantic cod population that has supported the Lofoten fisheries of Norway for centuries. Our results resolve a long-standing controversial hypothesis and indicate that the marine resources of the North Atlantic Ocean were used to sustain an international demand for protein as far back as the Viking Age.

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