Contamination in Manuscripts of the A-Text of Piers the Plowman

PMLA ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Actual Practice ◽  
Perfect Reconstruction ◽  
Accidental Coincidence ◽  
Mere Possession ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sizable Number

Theoretically it is true that the application of the genealogical method to a sizable number of manuscripts descended from a single archetype would allow the almost perfect reconstruction of that archetype. Families, groups, and subgroups could be distinguished without hesitation, and readings could be determined with very little recourse to editorial ingenuity. Unfortunately such conditions are not to be found in actual practice. When the text critic has made a systematic record of all variants to be found in the MSS that he has collated, he must determine which of the great quantity of variational groups are genetic—that is, which groups actually reflect in their common readings the genealogy of their transmission. This operation requires the elimination of variational groups formed by the mere possession of the right reading, and random groupings formed by the accidental coincidence of readings.

Young people’s participation: views from social workers and independent reviewing officers

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Clive Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Education Planning ◽  
Children's Participation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
Personal Education ◽  
Children Rights

In this chapter social workers’ and independent reviewing officers’ views on the work they carry out with children in care are presented. Pressures on professionals were a recurrent concern. It was also noted that social workers’ understanding of the concept of participation was limited and the examples provided illustrated that children’s and young people’s participation was largely tokenistic. There appeared to be a disconnect/dissonance between professionals’ views of how important participation is and their actual practice with families. Social workers and IROs both stated that children’s participation was very important to them but then went onto explain that generally children played no role in deciding where the review took place, when it took place, who was invited and what was on the agenda. Social workers and IROs also stated that reviews took place without children to meet statutory timescales and that on occasions CIC reviews would take place just after Personal Education Planning meetings leading to very long meetings. Despite legislation giving children rights to have a say in their care and their wishes taken into consideration, there remains a lack of commitment to this from professionals, high caseloads, systemic pressures and a focus on completing paperwork rather than engaging meaningfully with children seems to be the reason for this. This appears to resonate with Forrester’s (2016) idea of ‘zombie social work’, and appears clear evidence of ‘doing things right instead of doing the right thing’ (Munro 2012).

scholarly journals On the Right of Reclamation of the Insane before the Civil Courts

1886 ◽  
Vol 32 (137) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Achille Foville
Keyword(s):  
Actual Practice ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Civil Courts

[The subject discussed in this article, and the facts stated in regard to the actual practice of the French Courts in reference to the claims of the insane under restraint, with a view to recover their liberty, are of such vital importance at the present time in our own country, that we have thought it well to reproduce Dr. Foville's paper, which was read before the Congress of Psychiatry and Neuro-pathology held at Antwerp, September 7, 1885. The deliberate opinion of so great an authority cannot fail to be of much practical value, in view of the changes in Lunacy Law which seem imminent.—Eds.]

Unity in the Common Law?: Critical Notice:The Unity of the Common Law: Studies in Hegelian Jurisprudenceby Alan Brudner

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-423
Author(s):  
Richard Dien Winfield
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given

A specter of disunity haunts the common law, threatening to throw property, contract, tort, and penal law into a crisis, where competing paradigms stand intransigently opposed, undermining any claims of coherence and giving sober proof that legality is a battleground of equally unjustifiable ideologies where only force wins out at the end. The impending crisis pits advocates of liberalism, affirming the primacy of the right over the good, against communitarians, upholding the priority of commonly shared ends embodied in an historically given community. Yet although the conflict parallels what many take to be the exhaustive options of ethical thought, the difficulty extends beyond theoretical dispute into the actual practice of common law, where at every turn, tendencies promoting welfare clash with tendencies upholding the formal right of ownership. In face of such division in both theory and practice, the dangers of idealism seem hardly surmountable by fidelity to law or by reflective equilibrium, for if disunity pervades legal thought and convention, neither appeal to the given can locate a coherent kernel in the conflicted shell.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

Study of charge transfer in FeTi

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
J. Taft∅
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Cscl Structure ◽  
The Right

It is well known that for reflections corresponding to large interplanar spacings (i.e., sin θ/λ small), the electron scattering amplitude, f, is sensitive to the ionicity and to the charge distribution around the atoms. We have used this in order to obtain information about the charge distribution in FeTi, which is a candidate for storage of hydrogen. Our goal is to study the changes in electron distribution in the presence of hydrogen, and also the ionicity of hydrogen in metals, but so far our study has been limited to pure FeTi. FeTi has the CsCl structure and thus Fe and Ti scatter with a phase difference of π into the 100-ref lections. Because Fe (Z = 26) is higher in the periodic system than Ti (Z = 22), an immediate “guess” would be that Fe has a larger scattering amplitude than Ti. However, relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations show that the opposite is the case for the 100-reflection. An explanation for this may be sought in the stronger localization of the d-electrons of the first row transition elements when moving to the right in the periodic table. The tabulated difference between fTi (100) and ffe (100) is small, however, and based on the values of the scattering amplitude for isolated atoms, the kinematical intensity of the 100-reflection is only 5.10-4 of the intensity of the 200-reflection.

New Dimensions in Freeze-Etching

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 202-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Michael Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Aluminum Specimen ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
The Right

A redesigned specimen holder and cap have made possible the freeze-etching of both fracture surfaces of a frozen fractured specimen. In principal, the procedure involves freezing a specimen between two specimen holders (as shown in A, Fig. 1, and the left side of Fig. 2). The aluminum specimen holders and brass cap are constructed so that the upper specimen holder can be forced loose, turned over, and pressed down firmly against the specimen stage to a position represented by B, Fig. 1, and the right side of Fig. 2.

Adrenocorticotropin Production by a Mammary Carcinoma

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
K.S. McCarty ◽  
N.R. Wallace ◽  
W. Litaker ◽  
S. Wells ◽  
G. Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Subcutaneous Metastases ◽  
Ectopic Acth Production ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pituitary Carcinomas

The production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by non-pituitary carcinomas has been documented in several tumors, most frequently small cell carcinoma of the lung, islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas, thymomas and carcinoids. Electron microscopy of these tumors reveals typical membrane-limited "neurosecretory" granules. Confirmation of the granules as adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) requires the use of OsO4 as a primary fixative to give the characteristic cored granule appearance in conjunction with immunohistochemical demonstration of the hormone peptide. Because of the rarity of ectopic ACTH production by mammary carcinomas and the absence of appropriate ultrastructural studies in the two examples of such ectopic hormone production in the literature of which we are aware (1,2), we present biochemical and ultrastructural data from a carcinoma of the breast with apparent ACTH production.The patient had her primary tumor in the right breast in 1969. The tumor recurred as visceral and subcutaneous metastases in 1976 and again in 1977.

Z-line degradation and phagocytosis of sarcomeric fragments in myonecrosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 790-791
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Estes ◽  
Samuel M. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
White Female ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Muscle Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mononuclear Inflammatory Cell

Many muscle diseases show common pathological features although their etiology is different. In primary muscle diseases a characteristic finding is myofiber necrosis. The mechanism of myonecrosis is unknown. Polymyositis is a primary muscle disease characterized by acute and subacute degeneration as well as regeneration of muscle fibers coupled with an inflammatory infiltrate. We present a case of polymyositis with unusual ultrastructural features indicative of the basic pathogenetic process involved in myonecrosis.The patient is a 63-year-old white female with a one history of proximal limb weakness, weight loss and fatigue. Examination revealed mild proximal weakness and diminished deep tendon reflexes. Her creatine kinase was 1800 mU/ml (normal < 140 mU/ml) and electromyography was consistent with an inflammatory myopathy which was verified by light microscopy on biopsy muscle. Ultrastructural study of necrotizing myofiber, from the right vastus lateralis, showed: (1) degradation of the Z-lines with preservation of the adjacent Abands including M-lines and H-bands, (Fig. 1), (2) fracture of the sarcomeres at the I-bands with disappearance of the Z-lines, (Fig. 2), (3) fragmented sarcomeres without I-bands, engulfed by invading phagocytes, (Fig. 3, a & b ), and (4) mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the endomysium.

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