The Ancestor of Group d; the Origin of Its Texts, Tale-order, and Spurious Links

PMLA ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-484
Author(s):  
Germaine Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Canterbury Tales ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group D

While some of the most interesting questions regarding the early history of the Canterbury Tales will undoubtedly never be settled, it seems equally certain that in the full corpus of variants prepared by Professors Manly and Rickert evidence lies embedded which little by little should add to our understanding of the conditions in which the first manuscripts were prepared, hence, possibly, lead to a clearer picture of the situation when Chaucer died. The present article will deal with the lost ancestor of the manuscript family which Dr. Manly and Dr. Rickert have called group d, that ancestor to be designated hereafter as √d. Section I will be devoted to the origin of the material used in the preparation of √d; Section II to the √d editor's handling of that material.

scholarly journals Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855): A predecessor of Max Schweidler?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-270
Author(s):  
Susanne Wagini ◽  
Katrin Holzherr
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Early History ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paper Conservation

Abstract The restorer Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855), famous in the early nineteenth century, has long fallen into oblivion. A recent discovery of his work associated with old master prints at the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München has allowed a close study of his methods and skills as well as those of his pupil Ludwig Albert von Montmorillon (1794–1854), providing a fresh perspective on the early history of paper conservation. Von Hermann’s method of facsimile inserts was praised by his contemporaries, before Max Schweidler (1885–1953) described these methods in 1938. The present article provides biographical notes on both nineteenth century restorers, gives examples of prints treated by them and adds a chapter of conservation history crediting them with a place in the history of the discipline. In summary, this offers a surprising insight on how works of art used to be almost untraceably restored by this team of Munich-based restorers more than 150 years before Schweidler.

Is there a Relationship between Sexual Abuse or Incest and Eating Disorders?

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sloan ◽  
P. Leichner
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Early History ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Sexual Conflicts ◽  
History Of

The significance of sexual conflicts in many patients with eating disorders has been well documented. However, even when these have been considered to have some degree of etiological importance, the occurrence of actual sexual trauma or incest in the early lives of these patients has been generally neglected in the literature. At one point in time, it was noted that five of six patients on an inpatient unit for eating disorders revealed an early history of sexual abuse or incest. These five cases are described. A parallel is drawn between the psychological problems experienced by victims of childhood sexual abuse and by patients with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia. Our suspicion that these experiences may not be atypical led to the present article, which has implications for the investigation and management of eating-disordered patients.

Manly's Conception of the Early History of the Canterbury Tales

PMLA ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-415
Author(s):  
Germaine Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Canterbury Tales ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Canterbury Tales ◽  
Main Ideas

Scholars have regretted that the enormous work embodied in The Text of the “Canterbury tales” did not leave Professor Manly the time and strength to integrate in a summary his main ideas as to the early history of the work. For that unwritten chapter no one, of course, could hope to offer a substitute. Yet much which would have gone into it and is not clear at the first reading takes form and coherence as one's familiarity grows with Manly's ideas and his material. One comes to see that, on most of the important features of the early history of the text, he had formed very definite opinions, while his silence on a number of others, if in some cases hard to interpret, more often clearly reflects a conviction that no light can be elicited either from the manuscripts or anything else within our ken. Correlating all indications I shall try to present in its main lines Manly's view of the history of the Canterbury tales to c. 1500, indicating as far as possible the basis for his opinions.

Qumran Calendars: A Survey of Scholarship 1980—2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ben-Dov ◽  
Stéphane Saulnier
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early History ◽  
Lunar Phases ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Themes ◽  
The Temple

The present article surveys the scholarship on the calendars represented in the Qumran texts and the Pseudepigrapha. The survey commences with the influential articles by VanderKam in the late 1970s, while relating also to Jaubert's earlier hypothesis. After a presentation and classification of the relevant texts, we proceed to elucidate the prominent calendrical and historical themes: the calendar in Jubilees and the Temple Scroll; the early history of the 364-day year in Judah; the non-Jewish origins of the 364-day calendar tradition; intercalation and the beginning of the day; and the various accounts of lunar phases in writings from Qumran. Broadly speaking, present-day research tends to emphasize the schematic aspect of the 364-day calendar tradition, renouncing the older view of this system as a `solar' calendar. In addition, Jaubert's hypothesis on the antiquity of the 364-day calendar, although still upheld in significant parts of current scholarship, is seriously challenged when viewed in a broader historical context. Finally, the Jewish astronomical and calendrical lore is increasingly explained on the background of astral sciences in the Hellenistic world—from Mesopotamia to Egypt.

An introduction to Caodaism I. Origins and early history

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Early History ◽  
Victor Hugo ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Walt Disney ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
History Of

Few phenomena in the modern history of Asia can have been so completely misunderstood by Westerners as the Vietnamese religious (and political) movement known in European languages as ‘Caodaism’. Based upon a syncretic approach to religion, in which a key role is played by spirit-séances, it has inevitably been regarded by Christian writers with the same suspicion (if not contempt) as occidental ‘spiritualism’; and this initial lack of sympathy is compounded by the fact that the spirits who have revealed themselves at Caodaist séances include such familiar figures as Victor Hugo and Jeanne d'Arc. Then there is the show-piece temple of the Caodaists at Tây-Ninh, which drew forth Mr. Graham Greene's description of ‘Christ and Buddha looking down from the roof of the Cathedral on a Walt Disney fantasia of the East, dragons and snakes in Technicolor’. This superficial notion of the religious element in Caodaism fitted in very well with the cynicism of political observers, notably Bernard Fall, who saw in Caodaism no more than a political movement anxious to preserve its private armies and local power, using its religious ideas merely to dupe a credulous peasantry. In these circumstances, it is perhaps not surprising that the real nature and origins of Caodaism have been lost from view, and even its history has never been adequately summarized in any Western language. The present article will attempt to fill the historical gap, by tracing the history of the religion from 1925 to 1936, and then looking at its origins and antecedents. A subsequent article (to appear in BSOAS, XXXIII, 3, 1970) will analyse the various beliefs which have been incorporated into this essentially syncretic cult.

scholarly journals Краткий экскурс в раннюю историю изучения паремии как объекта этнолингвистики

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Анжелика Штейнгольд
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Early History ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of

Как хорошо известно, пословицы и поговорки (в более общем смысле т. наз. паремии) являются не только художественными миниатюрами — анонимными произведениями устного народного творчества, употребление которых в речи диктуется потребностью в точности и выразительности, но также неписаным сводом этических норм и правил. Их назидательность и дидактичность во многом предопределяет существование особой “паремической” логики, на языковом уровне выражающейся в присущей пословицам и поговоркам специфической синтаксической оформленности. На поверхности лежит их семантическая многлоплановость, о чем в свое время писали А. Дандис [1978], А. Крикманн [1978; 1984], Ю.И. Левин [1984], Г.Л. Пермяков [1988] и др....Anzhelika ShteingoldOn the Early History of Proverb Studies (Proverb as an Object of Ethnolinguistics)It is often not clear what exactly is meant by certain words and constructions in a proverb, even though its actual (metaphorical) sense is understood. The origins of some historical proverbs might be grasped only by employing the data of cultural anthropology. In the present article a short overview of early proverb studies in Russia is given. In the nineteenth century and in the early part of the twentieth century there were many scholars in Russia who dealt with proverbs. For instance, I. Snegiryov, V. Dahl, F. Buslaev, A. Afanasyev, A. Potebnya, S. Maksimov. During the 1930’s this tradition was continued in the scientific papers of the academician J. Sokolov. Despite their methods of proverb studies not being contemporary, these researchers gave examples of etymology that would later receive support and approval from the scholars of our time.Keywords: Russian proverbs, ethnolinguistics, etymology, history of proverb studies.

Manly's Conception of the Early History of the Canterbury Tales

PMLA ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germaine Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Canterbury Tales ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Canterbury Tales

Die Redefigur "Substanz a Produziert Wirkung B" in Den Frühen Rezeptarien Und Der Materia Medica Der Chinesischen Textkultur1

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R.A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Early History ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article focuses on the interaction between recipes unearthed from tombs datable to the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and the early history of the materia medica. We observed that the two medicographic media, i.e. the materia medica and the recipes, share the following logical structure: [Substance] A [produces] → [effect] B Our arrow (→) indicates a variety of relations, which the present article tries to categorize. As is shown in detail, the routine A → B is on the

scholarly journals Aspects of the Early History of Romani

1970 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Claus Peter Zoller
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Early History ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

We owe to Ralph Lilley Turner the correct classification of Romani as originating from a central or inner form of Indo-Aryan. Turner also clarified that the “Dardic” elements in Romani have been borrowed into early Romani after its speakers had left their original home and reached the north-west of South Asia where they stayed for several hundred years before finally leaving the subcontinent. Until now, the extent of the “Dardic” influence on early Romani was poorly understood. In the present article much data has been put together which shows that this impact indeed is considerable. But it is intelligible only if we accept Turner’s hypothesis of a long stopover in north-western South Asia. The data presented below will also show that the notion of “Dardic” is too narrow in this context: the impact on early Romani, in fact, comprises linguistic elements and features found in Nuristani, Dardic and West Pahāṛī.

Some early history of replica techniques for electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
Robert M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Early History ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Microscopes

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.

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