Alice Chaucer and her Husbands

PMLA ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
Marjorie Anderson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
English History ◽  
Personal Influence ◽  
Other Hand

This paper is written on the assumption that Alice Chaucer was the granddaughter of the poet. That she was the daughter of Thomas Chaucer is easily proved and, despite skillful arguments to the contrary, the weight of evidence seems to the present writer to confirm the belief that Thomas was the son of Geoffrey. This paper is also written because of the assumption of Alice's relation to Geoffrey; her connection with the poet has been the chief reason for this study of her life. But such need not have been the case. Chaucer had no personal influence upon his granddaughter, unless by way of heredity, for their lives did not overlap. She was born four years after the poet's death. On the other hand, she lived to be the wife and widow of three successive men, two of whom were of great military and political prominence in English history; she was the friend and confidante of royalty; she became the mother-in-law of a king's sister. She was, in truth, a figure of sufficient social and political importance in the life of her time to merit consideration on her own account.

II.—Pecus and Pecunia

1888 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
William Ridgeway
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Weight System ◽  
Natural Unit ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Gold Coins

In a late number of the Journal of Hellenic Studies the present writer endeavoured to show, (1) that in the Homeric poems the gold talanton simply represented the value of the ox or cow, a relation which remained at Delos down into historical times, and (2) that the actual value of both units was a gold daric, or gold Attic stater (two drachms) of 130–135 grains Troy; in fact the standard on which all the gold coins, and a large proportion of the silver coins of Greek Proper were struck; and at the same time the basis of the standards of Asia Minor, Syria, and probably of Egypt. I then confined myself to the countries immediately bordering on the Aegean, and did not attempt to deal with the weight system of the Italian Peninsula. I propose in the present paper to examine the Roman system, and to seek for it, as I have tried for the others, a natural unit, by which I mean a metallic unit based on some older unit of barter.Dr. Hultsch remarks (Metrologie, p. 151) that whilst the weight unit of the Roman pound is the most accurately known of all ancient standards, its origin on the other hand is the most obscure. The Roman libra weighed 327·45 grammes. Though it was adjusted at a later period to the Attic system, it plainly dated from a period long before Rome had come into contact with the culture of Athens.

I.—Shul and Shal In The Chaucer Manuscripts

PMLA ◽  
1911 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-30
Author(s):  
Carleton Brown
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Before we may hope to solve some of the problems which confront the student of Chaucer we must gain a clearer understanding of the relationship in which the extant mss. stand to the text written by the poet's own hand. In the hope of throwing some light upon this relationship it occurred to the present writer to apply to all the Chaucer mss. thus far printed a very obvious grammatical test by noting their usage in the case of the plural present indicative of the verb shullen. The use of this test first suggested itself as a result of my observation that in these forms there is a curious variation among different mss., and even in the same ms. in different portions of Chaucer's text. These reversals of usage in the same ms. are best illustrated in Camb. Gg. 4, 27, for this manuscript contains not only the Cant. Tales, but also Troilus, the Parl, of Foules, and the Legend of G. W. In the Parl, of F. one finds the plural of the present indicative written schul eight times and schal only once; in Troilus, on the other hand, there are no less than forty-one schal's as against eight schul's. Much the same ratio is found in the Legend, which has eleven schal's and only two schul's. Moreover, among the several tales of the Canterbury collection this manuscript shows marked difference of usage, swinging abruptly from six to two in favor of schal in the Man of Law's Tale to nine to one in favor of schul in the Wife of Bath's Tale, which immediately follows. Similar examples of reversal of usage in these forms might be cited in nearly all the printed mss. Such alternations between schal and schul on the part of the same scribe are evidently due to variations in the mss. from which he was copying. In other words, the responsibility for this variation in usage does not rest upon the scribes of the extant mss.,—though they may have added to the confusion already existing. It is clear, then, that this confusion between shul and shal must proceed, either from scribes intermediate between Chaucer and the extant copies or—from Chaucer himself.

scholarly journals Forging Alberta's Constitutional Framework, Richard Connors and John M. Law, eds., and The Alberta Supreme Court at 100: History and Authority, Jonathan Swainger, Ed.

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

In a recent issue I raised the question of whether Canada has developed a distinctive law of its own. With two recent publications it is possible to focus that question more narrowly and ask if there is such a thing as a distinctive Albertan law that has developed over the twentieth century. In the introduction to their book Forging Alberta's Constitutional Framework (Forging), Richard Connors and John Law declare that "Alberta has, in part, forged its own Constitution and its place within Canada's Constitution." This statement perfectly balances the issue: on the one hand, Alberta has its own Constitution that it has made itself; on the other hand, it exists as an entity within the wider Canadian constitutional framework. In his introduction to The Alberta Supreme Court at 100: History and Authority, Jonathan Swainger strikes a similar balance: "In those areas where the Court did act, the weight of evidence suggests that while some aspects of Alberta's jurisprudential path have been creative and forward looking, in others they were less inclined to strike out in new directions.... And if the Court's jurisprudence in a given area might appear tentative or tightly prescribed, in others we find indications of a distinctive "made in Alberta" flavour that did not necessarily tread expected paths."Reading these books introduces us to many interesting parts of Alberta's legal past, but in the end these sometimes unique events do not lead us to conclude that there is much distinct about the law in Alberta, whether in its constitutional framework or in its courts.

Circumvention of the Law in Talmudic Literature

1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Shmuel Shilo
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cursory Examination ◽  
The Law ◽  
Systematic Explanation ◽  
The Way

A cursory examination of the Talmudic sources relating to circumvention of the law is sufficient to show that two approaches exist, one affirmative and permitting it and one negative and forbidding it. “A person may contrive to bring his produce in whilst still in its chaff so that his animal may eat it without its becoming liable to tithe”. “A person may contrivingly mix his grain with stubble in order to exempt it from tithe”. There are many similar dicta. On the other hand, for example, in theTosefta Taharotwe find in a number of matters “provided he does not act contrivedly for if he does they are impure”.Can these sources be reconciled to give a more or less clear picture of the way in which the rabbis approached the question of circumvention of the law? Rosh (R. Asher b. Yehiel, Germany, Spain c. 1250–1327), for instance, conscious of the attendant difficulties, observed with regard to rules of rabbinical provenance: “Not every circumvention… is the same. Some are generally permitted… Others are permitted only to students of the law… Still others are entirely forbidden and the rabbis treat them more rigorously than deliberate acts… And then there are those over which opinion is divided”. Rosh thus sets out the problem but suggests no solution. In the view of the present writer the sources lend themselves to systematic explanation which rebuts the remark of Rashba (R. Solomon Ibn Abraham Adret, Spain c. 1235–1310) that no two cases of circumvention are alike.

scholarly journals The Papacy and the Modern State

1918 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Fawkes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Firing Line

More than a year ago, in a letter to the present writer, an eminent French savant, M. Alfred Loisy, contrasted the parts played by the Pope and the President of the United States respectively in the war. “Maintenant c'est Wilson qui devient pape, et qui fait la morale aux belligérants, en nous appuyant de son crédit politique, financier, militaire. Vive le pape Wilson!” The contrast was just. “Faire la morale aux belligérants” — this is what we expect a Pope to do. We have been disappointed; it is exactly what he has not done. On the other hand, the President is the one politician on either side who has risen to the level of a statesman, and has gained, not lost, in reputation during the last four years. It must be remembered that he came late into the firing line, and has therefore been less exposed than his European colleagues to the test of time under which so many of them have broken down. But more than any one man now in public life, he stands for the combination of Reason and Energy.

scholarly journals Grundtvig og den lutherske tradition

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Theodor Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Answer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Word Of Faith ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Significant Expression ◽  
Lutheran Orthodoxy

Grundtvig and the Lutheran TraditionBy Theodor JørgensenThe essay analyses the relation of Grundtvig to the Lutheran tradition in the form it took in Orthodoxy and early Protestantism, primarily on the basis of Grundtvig’s essay from 1830: »Should the Lutheran Reformation Really Be Continued?«. Grundtvig gives an affirmative answer to this question. In elaboration the present writer points out that in his dispute with Lutheran orthodoxy as well as modem Protestantism Gmndtvig upholds the main concern of the Reformation, but in the context of Modernity.This finds its most significant expression in Gmndtvig’s rejection of the ’sola scriptura’ of the Reformation, the Scriptures as the foundation of Christian Faith. The foundation of Faith is the living Christ, present in the word of Faith, Baptism and Eucharist amidst the congregation celebrating the divine service. On the other hand the Holy Scripture retains its authority as the best book of enlightenment for Faith. Grundtvig is convinced that with this view of the Scriptures he legitimizes the freedom for Bible research and theology which they rightly demand.

scholarly journals The Rise of the English Legal Profession

1874 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 98-162
Author(s):  
J. W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Old French ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
The Other ◽  
English History ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Law

How much the English Law, in the present day, is indebted to the Roman, appears to be still a point on which writers differ. Professor Stubbs, in his edition of “Documents Illustrative of English History,” holds that the debt is slight; or, at all events, that few remains exist, in modern times, of laws that had their origin in the days of the Roman occupation of Britain; while Mr. Finlason, in his preliminary essay to the last edition of “Reeves' History of English Law,” argues, on the other hand, that we derive much of our system of jurisprudence and many of our present laws from this source. M. Guizot holds the same on behalf of the origin of the old French laws.

scholarly journals The arc spectrum of palladium, its Zeeman effect and spectral type

1925 ◽  
Vol 109 (750) ◽  
pp. 369-384 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Spectral Type ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Zeeman Effect ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Palladium is a metal occurring in the eighth group of the periodic table of the elements. Of atomic number 46 and atomic weight 106·7, it is a member of the so-called triad—ruthenium, rhodium, palladium. In the vertical column of the table, palladium occupies a position between nickel and platinum. According to the alternation law governing the multiplicities of terms in the line-spectra of the elements, only odd multiplicities are to be expected in the even groups of the table, and vice versa . The numerous spectral regularities which have been discovered in the arc spectrum of iron, belong entirely to triplet, quintet, and septet systems. The arc spectrum of cobalt, on the other hand, has been shown by Walters to contain quartets. This would seem to indicate that the present grouping of these elements is erroneous, and that a division should occur between iron and cobalt, and probably also between cobalt and nickel. The behaviour of elements in the other groups of the table makes it probable that ruthenium and osmium, in the same vertical column, should be in the same group with iron, and that their spectra should be similar and should contain only odd multiplicities. Similarly, rhodium and iridium would be grouped with cobalt, and only terms of even multiplicity should appear in their spectra. The next group would then be nickel, palladium, and platinum, and again odd multiplicities would be expected. An analysis of the spectrum of nickel has been undertaken at the laboratory of the Bureau of Standards in Washington. Some photographs of the Zeeman effect of nickel have been made by the present writer, and the patterns observed indicate that the spectrum of nickel contains triplet terms.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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