Is Clutch Size Variation in the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus) Adaptive? An Experimental Study

10.2307/4428 ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Nur
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Parus Caeruleus ◽  
Blue Tit

The Effect of Temperature and Clutch Size on the Energetic Cost of Incubation in a Free-Living Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus)

The Auk ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Haftorn ◽  
Randi Eidsmo Reinertsen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Parus Caeruleus ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Metabolic Chamber ◽  
Resting Metabolism

Abstract The energetic cost of incubation of a free-living Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus) female was studied during two breeding seasons by measuring the rate of oxygen consumption in a nest box converted into a metabolic chamber. Like its congeners, only the female Blue Tit incubates and during that time is fed by the male. Just before and during the egg-laying period the female spends the night in the nest. Because of the progressive development of incubation behavior during this period, it is possible to measure the oxygen-consumption rate of a nonincubating female (resting metabolism) and to compare it with values obtained later when the bird is incubating a full clutch under otherwise similar conditions. The air temperature in the metabolic chamber was regulated experimentally. The results show that the energy cost of incubation is relatively important below the lower critical temperature (about 15°C). With a fall in the air temperature, energy expenditure increased in relation to that of the resting metabolism. The energy cost of incubation also increased with clutch size, by about 6-7% for each additional egg. At air temperatures around 0°C, which are frequent under natural conditions in Fennoscandia, the female must increase her metabolic rate by 50-90% to keep the eggs in a normal-size clutch (10-13 eggs) warm. During the last days of incubation we accounted for the metabolism of the embryos, which on the day before hatching contributed about 15% of the total oxygen consumption when the female was incubating a clutch of 13 eggs.

Geographical differences in seasonal clutch size variation in multi-brooded bird species

Ibis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
André A. Dhondt ◽  
Tracey L. Kast ◽  
Paul E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Geographical Differences

Clutch Size Variation and Patterns of Attrition in Fecundity of Willow Ptarmigan

Ecology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1788-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Martin ◽  
S. J. Hannon ◽  
R. F. Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Willow Ptarmigan

Extreme rainfall-related clutch size variation in the Critically Endangered Raso Lark Alauda razae of the arid Cape Verde islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de L. BROOKE
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cape Verde Islands ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Island Endemic

SummaryThe Raso Lark Alauda razae is a single island endemic confined to the island of Raso in the Cape Verde islands. It has been studied via short (11–20 day), similarly-timed visits every year from 2001 to 2017. These November/December visits have occurred towards the end of the main rainy period (August–October) in the Cape Verdes. Average clutch size ranged from zero (no nests found) to 3.57 in different years and was strongly correlated with rainfall in the three months preceding the year’s visit, but not with population size, which varied 25-fold during the study period. Since the nomadic pursuit of rain is not an option for the Raso Lark, the species adjusts clutch size according to conditions prevailing on Raso.

Experimental Study for Data Validation Regarding the Flow Movement in Natural Convection in an Asymmetrical Heated Vertical Channel

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Burlacu ◽  
Vasilică Ciocan ◽  
Marina Verdeș ◽  
Cătălin George Popovici ◽  
Marius Costel Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Vertical Channel ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Piv Method ◽  
Physical Boundary ◽  
Zone Temperature

The present paper presents an experimental study, regarding the dynamics of movement in natural convection in an asymmetrically heated vertical channel. The channel was immersed in a tank filled with water at a temperature of 15 °C. The study focuses on one hand, on the radiated heat output from the heating plate, and on the other hand, on the thermo-physical boundary conditions from the inlet and the outlet of the channel. These aspects give great problems in natural convection if limited to a single channel as a field of study. The experimental study was conducted to validate numerical results, in similar conditions. The size variation of the recirculating zone, temperature and speed in the channel were analyzed through the PIV method (Particle Image Velocymetry) using the equipment provided by Dantec Dynamics and the analysis program "Dynamic Studio".

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