BIOCLIMATES OF HEAT AND COLD STRESS IN NEW ZEALAND

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Methods of Evaluating Protective Clothing Relative to Heat and Cold Stress: Thermal Manikin, Biomedical Modeling, and Human Testing

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 588-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine O’Brien ◽  
Laurie A. Blanchard ◽  
Bruce S. Cadarette ◽  
Thomas L. Endrusick ◽  
Xiaojiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Biomedical Modeling

scholarly journals Correlation of Heat and Cold Tolerance in Iranian Tall Fescue Ecotypes with Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Osmotic Adjustment

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068
Author(s):  
Mohamad-Hossein Sheikh-Mohamadi ◽  
Nematollah Etemadi ◽  
Mostafa Arab
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Excessive heat or cold usually reduces the growth and quality of turfgrass. Genetic variations along with efficient biochemical and physiological mechanisms can diversify the tolerance to heat and cold. This study examined the effects of heat and cold stress on several biochemical and physiological parameters in Iranian tall fescue ecotypes (Festuca arundinacea L.). The control group of plants was maintained under optimal temperatures, whereas other groups were exposed to heat or cold in a growth chamber. The experiment was designed as a split plot, with stress treatments as the main plots and ecotypes as subplots. Physiologically and biochemically, the results revealed that three ecotypes (‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’) of the eight ecotypes examined in this study had better abilities to survive the simulated heat and cold stress. Better tolerance to heat and cold in the ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes were probably due to higher levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities, maintenance of lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), higher levels of proline and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), along with a more efficient osmotic adjustment. Diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities increased significantly in ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes. In summary, the strength of tolerance among ecotypes can be ranked as ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA5’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under heat stress and ‘FA5’> ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under cold stress.

Implementing effective animal-based measurements for assessing animal welfare on farms and slaughter plants.

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-83
Author(s):  
Temple Grandin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Input Resource

Abstract This chapter describes how to write clear animal welfare standards and guidelines that will be interpreted the same way by different people; the difference between animal-based outcome measures and input resource-based standards; how to determine the most important core criteria or critical points to prevent abuse or neglect; easy-to-use measures for assessing body condition, lameness, injuries, condition of haircoat/feathers, animal handling, hygiene, heat and cold stress and the presence of abnormal behaviour and how to set up effective animal welfare auditing programmes.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Impact of and Adaptation to Extreme Heat and Cold of Farmers in the Food Bowl of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Kaji Budhathoki ◽  
Kerstin K. Zander
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Farmers worldwide have to deal with increasing climate variability and weather extremes. Most of the previous research has focused on impacts on agricultural production, but little is known about the related social and economic impacts on farmers. In this study, we investigated the social and economic impact of extreme weather events (EWE) on farmers in Nepal, and explored how they coped with and adapted to heat waves and cold spells between 2012 and 2017. To address these aims, we conducted a survey of 350 farms randomly selected from the Bardiya and Banke districts of the Terai lowlands of Nepal. They were specifically asked to rate the impacts of extreme temperatures, as well as their effect on labour productivity and collective farmer health, and the detailed preventative measures they had implemented. About 84% of the farmers self-reported moderate or severe heat stress during the last five years, and about 85%, moderate or severe cold stress. Likewise, the majority of respondents reported that both farmer health and labour productivity had been compromised by EWEs. Productivity loss had a strong association with the perceived levels of heat and cold stress, which, in turn, were more likely to be reported by farmers with previous EWE experience. Potentially due to the increased care required during EWEs, those farmers with livestock reported increased heat and cold stress, as, surprisingly, did those who had implemented adaptation measures. Farmers seemed to be less prepared for potential threats of cold spells than heat waves, and therefore less likely to adopt coping strategies, since these are a recent phenomenon. This study identified some limitations. The cross sectional and self-reported data, as a common source of information to estimate health impact, level of heat/cold stress and labour productivity loss. Community-based education/community engagement programs could be developed to facilitate proactive adaptation.

scholarly journals Is there a Need to Integrate Human Thermal Models with Weather Forecasts to Predict Thermal Stress?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petersson ◽  
Kuklane ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Thermal Models ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

More and more people will experience thermal stress in the future as the global temperature is increasing at an alarming rate and the risk for extreme weather events is growing. The increased exposure to extreme weather events poses a challenge for societies around the world. This literature review investigates the feasibility of making advanced human thermal models in connection with meteorological data publicly available for more versatile practices and a wider population. By providing society and individuals with personalized heat and cold stress warnings, coping advice and educational purposes, the risks of thermal stress can effectively be reduced. One interesting approach is to use weather station data as input for the wet bulb globe temperature heat stress index, human heat balance models, and wind chill index to assess heat and cold stress. This review explores the advantages and challenges of this approach for the ongoing EU project ClimApp where more advanced models may provide society with warnings on an individual basis for different thermal environments such as tropical heat or polar cold. The biggest challenges identified are properly assessing mean radiant temperature, microclimate weather data availability, integration and continuity of different thermal models, and further model validation for vulnerable groups.

Transcriptome profiling of wheat under heat and cold stress treatments

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S130
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu ◽  
M. Tufan Oz ◽  
Huseyin Avni Oktem ◽  
Meral Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

scholarly journals Effects of heat and cold stress on central vascular pressure relationships during orthostasis in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 585 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Wilson ◽  
C. Tollund ◽  
C. C. Yoshiga ◽  
E. A. Dawson ◽  
P. Nissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

scholarly journals The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems Differently Influence Heat and Cold Stress-Induced Analgesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
H. Nocheva ◽  
Z. Sabit ◽  
E. Grigorov
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Endogenous Cannabinoid

Abstract Stress-induced analgesia (SIA) is a well-known phenomenon, in which mechanisms of development opioid and non-opioid components take part. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) takes part in the non-opioid pathways and modulates nociception. Nitric oxide (NO) is also proverbial to interfere with pain perception. The present study was performed to investigate the effects from interaction between the ECS and NO after heat (heat stress) or cold (cold stress) exposure. Male Wistar rats subjected to one hour of heat or cold stress were injected with different combinations of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist anandamide (AEA) or antagonist (AM251) along with NO-donor, NO-precursor or inhibitor of the NO-synthase (NOS). Nociception was evaluated using Paw pressure (Randall-Selitto) test. The results showed that AEA-administration immediately after the end of stress let to a tendency to increase cold-SIA, but decreased heat-SIA. AEA along with NO-donor increased both cold- and heat-SIA but to a different degree. AM251 and NOS-inhibitor decreased SIA. Our experiments confirmed that the endogenous cannabinoid and the nitricoxidergic systems interact between them in the modulation of SIA. The ECS exerts a more prominent influence on cold rather than heat SIA. Differences in modulation probably depend on the type of stress, due to the different participation of ECS in the mechanisms of SIA development.

scholarly journals HSF3 and Hsp70 Expression during Post-Hatch Cold Stress in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Embryonic Thermal Manipulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Amneh H. Tarkhan ◽  
Khaled M. M. Saleh ◽  
Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Thermal Manipulation

Decades of selective breeding for commercial purposes have rendered the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) highly susceptible to heat and cold stress. A multitude of studies have documented the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) on broiler thermotolerance during periods of post-hatch heat stress, but very few have focused on the effect of TM on a broiler’s ability to withstand cold stress. Therefore, the primary objective of the current study is to determine the effects of TM on the acquisition of thermotolerance in broilers via their expression of the stress-associated 70 kilodalton heat shock protein (Hsp70) gene and heat shock factor 3 (HSF3) gene. Briefly, Hubbard broiler embryos were subject to TM by increasing the incubation temperature to 39 °C and 65% relative humidity (RH) for 18 h daily, from embryonic days (ED) 10 to 18. Broilers were then exposed to cold stress by decreasing the room temperature to 16 °C during post-hatch days 32 to 37. After thermal challenge, broilers were euthanized and hepatic and splenic tissues were collected. Our results showed that TM decreased the hatchability rate and body temperature but improved the body weight gain. TM generally decreased the hepatic expression but did not change the splenic expression of HSF3 during cold stress. In contrast, both hepatic and splenic Hsp70 expression decreased during cold stress. The results of the present study may suggest that TM significantly affects a broiler’s genetic response to cold stress.

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