Ceramic Diversity in Chavín De Huantar, Peru

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle C. Druc
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Chavín De Huántar ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ceramic Diversity

Abstract Ceramic diversity in the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huantar in the Peruvian highlands is assessed by neutron activation analysis, petrography, and stylistic analysis. These analyses lead to a new interpretation of ceramic production in Chavín between ca. 850 and 200 B.C. Several compositional groups with very different mineralogical paste types are identified. More than 30 percent of the ceramics are nonlocal. Most of these are bottles and fine wares, probably brought to the site as gifts or offerings. At the local level, ceramic production changed over time. A dramatic shift in resource procurement occurred at the end of the first occupation phase, and production became more diversified and intense as the site and its population grew larger.

G. Lukács, “Techeniye” and Stalinism

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Vladimir Y. Bystrov ◽  
Vladimir M. Kamnev
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The Political ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Political Views ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Over Time

The article discusses the attitude of Georg Lukács and his adherents who formed a circle “Techeniye” (lit. “current”) toward the phenomenon of Stalinism. Despite the political nature of the topic, the authors are aspired to provide an unbiased research. G. Lukács’ views on the theory and practice of Stalinism evolved over time. In the 1920s Lukács welcomes the idea of creation of socialism in one country and abandons the former revolutionary ideas expressed in his book History and Class Consciousness. This turn is grounded by new interpretation of Hegel as “realistic” thinker whose “realism” was shown in the aspiration to find “reconciliation” with reality (of the Prussian state) and in denial of any utopias. The philosophical evolution leading to “realism” assumes integration of revolutionaries into the hierarchy of existing society. The article “Hölderlin’s Hyperion” represents attempt to justify Stalinism as a necessary and “progressive” phase of revolutionary development of the proletariat. Nevertheless, events of the second half of the 1930s (mass repressions, the peace treaty with Nazi Germany) force Lukács to realize the catastrophic nature of political strategy of Stalinism. In his works, Lukács ceases to analyze political topics and concentrates on problems of aesthetics and literary criticism. However, his aesthetic position allows to reconstruct the changed political views and to understand why he had earned the reputation of the “internal opponent” to Stalinism. After 1956, Lukács turns to political criticism of Stalinism, which nevertheless remains unilateral. He sees in Stalinism a kind of the left sectarianism, the theory and practice of the implementation of civil war measures in the era of peaceful co-existence of two systems.

scholarly journals Wild Goat style ceramics at Troy and the impact of Archaic period colonisation on the Troad

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Aslan ◽  
Ernst Pernicka
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
New Information ◽  
Gallipoli Peninsula ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe establishment of colonies along the Hellespont by inhabitants of Ionia, Athens and Lesbos is well-known from historical texts. Recently, stratified contexts at Troy as well as other surveys and excavations have yielded new information about the chronology and material markers of Archaic period settlements in the Troad and the Gallipoli peninsula. The archaeological evidence for colonisation in this region is not clearly seen until the late seventh to early sixth century BC when there is a dramatic change in the material culture. Destruction evidence from Troy indicates that the new settlers probably entered a weakened and depopulated region in the second half of the seventh century BC. The Ionian colonists transplanted their pottery traditions and started production of East Greek style ceramics in the Troad. Neutron Activation Analysis of Wild Goat style ceramics found at Troy offers further confirmation for the existence of Hellespontine Wild Goat style ceramic production centres. The Wild Goat style examples from Troy help to define the characteristics of the Hellespontine group, as well as the chronology and impact of colonisation in this area.

scholarly journals CHAVÍN DE HUÁNTAR Y LA DEFINICIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA DE UN ESTADO TEOCRÁTICO ANDINO

2011 ◽  
pp. 47-92
Author(s):  
Henry Tantaleán
Keyword(s):  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Chavín De Huántar

En este artículo se propone que el sitio arqueológico de Chavín de Huántar fue la materialización y el centro de un Estado Teocrático Andino. Para darle sustento a dicha propuesta se plantean una serie de indicadores arqueológicos los cuales surgen de la información acumulada y actualizada como también de nuestras propias observaciones. Con tal propuesta inspirada en el materialismo histórico se espera generar una discusión centrada en los objetos arqueológicos y que atienda a las condiciones materiales particulares y a la trayectoria histórica de los Andes centrales.

Raptor Prey Remains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Drewitt
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Prey Remains ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Prey Populations

Are you curious about the remains of an animal you have found? This compilation of the most likely found body parts of animals eaten by raptors will help you identify your discovery. Including over 100 species of bird and mammal prey of raptors such as sparrowhawks, peregrines and hen harriers, this photographic guide highlights the common feathers, fur and other body parts found at raptor nests, roosts, plucking posts and other opportunistic spots. Discovering what raptors eat is an important part of confirming their feeding ecology and how this might change over time, vary on a local level or in response to changing prey populations, as well as dispelling myths and assumptions about what certain raptor species eat. Diet studies are vital for the conservation of raptor species; the more we know about what they need for survival the more we can predict and plan long-term for the protection and survival of raptors that may be vulnerable and in decline. This is the first book to show in detail the actual parts of a bird, mammal or other animal that you are likely to find in a garden, woodland or beneath a raptor roost. As more people take an interest in raptors and watch species such as peregrines via webcams and through watch groups, there is greater opportunity for finding prey remains. This book provides the first and most important step in identifying a prey species.

Analogism at Chavín de Huántar

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Nicco La Mattina
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Chavín De Huántar ◽  
A Site ◽  
Material Record

Approaches to understanding the core beliefs and worldviews of ancient peoples are not superficially facilitated by the archaeological record. Sometimes, pre-Columbian people are described by analogy to presumably similar contemporary people; that is, a theoretical framework applicable to certain modern peoples is applied a priori in the investigation of a site. This chapter argues that at Chavín de Huántar, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism employ these concepts a priori as ways of understanding the material record. Many of the references to shamanism make specific analogies to Amazonian practices and import these ideas to Chavín de Huántar. Furthermore, the chapter authors argue that, if the iconographic and material record at Chavín de Huánta are carefully evaluated, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism will not follow. The authors demonstrate that the analogist ontology formulated by Descola finds a firmer grounding in the iconographic and material record when these are considered together.

Estimating Spatially Consistent Interaction Flows Across Three Censuses

2010 ◽  
pp. 242-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Feng ◽  
Paul Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Flows Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Geographical Units

A significant problem facing geographical researchers who wish to compare migration and commuting flows over time is that the boundaries of the geographical areas, between which flows are recorded, often change. This chapter describes an innovative method for re-estimating the migration and commuting data collected in the 1981 and 1991 Censuses for the geographical units used in the 2001 Census. The estimated interaction data are provided as origin-destination flow matrices for wards in England and Wales and pseudo-postcode sectors in Scotland. Altogether, there were about 10,000 zones in 1981, 1991 and 2001, providing huge but sparsely populated matrices of 10,000 by 10,000 cells. Because of the changing boundaries during inter-censal periods, virtually no work has attempted to compare local level migration and commuting flows in the two decades, 1981-91 and 1991-2001. The re-estimated spatially consistent interaction flows described here allow such comparisons to be made and we use migration change in England and commuting change in Liverpool to demonstrate the value of these new data.

Chavín de Huántar

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Miguel La Serna
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Chavín De Huántar

Nestor Cerpa and the MRTA rebels inside the Japanese ambassador’s residence engage in more symbolic warfare. A rescue force storms the residence, killing Cerpa and the other MRTA members. Fujimori’s government had been planning the operation, code-named Chavin de Huantar, for months.

Mary Is Sick!

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Miguel La Serna
Keyword(s):  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Chavín De Huántar

In the months before Operation Chavin de Huantar, hostage Luis Giampietri gathers intel on his captors and establishes secret contact with SIN, the national intelligence force headed up by Vladimiro Montesinos. Giampietri, Marco Miyashiro, and Francisco Tudela, the Peruvian chancellor, are among the hostages rescued in the operation. Fujimori greets the rescued hostages as a national hero.

Part V Treaty Interpretation, 20 The Interpretation of Treaties over Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorge Eirik ◽  
Kolb Robert
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Treaty Interpretation ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Legal Sense ◽  
Over Time

This chapter considers an issue that has garnered sustained attention by States and international courts and tribunals in recent years — the potential to allow (or deny) evolutionary interpretations to treaty terms. It highlights five conclusions about the interpretation of treaties over time. First, evolutionary interpretations are made based on an array of means of ordinary interpretation, as enshrined in Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties Articles 31–33 and customary international law. Second, evolutionary interpretation is an issue of fact and law arising in the circumstances of particular cases. Third, the main principle is that of ‘contemporaneous interpretation’, a term referring not to the interpreter but to the parties (i.e. contemporaneous to the time of conclusion of the treaty). Fourth, it makes no sense to apply the principle of contemporaneity in all circumstances, since there are some terms used in treaties that make legal sense only when understood to evolve over time. Finally, to keep the unity of the treaty and its terms, the new interpretation is retrospective, having effect back to the time of the treaty’s conclusion.

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