Predation of Natural and Artificial Nests in a Southern Pine Forest

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747
Author(s):  
Robert B. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forest ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Southern Pine Forest

scholarly journals Predation of Natural and Artificial Nests in a Southern Pine Forest

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Buler ◽  
Robert B. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forest ◽  
Artificial Nest ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Corvus Brachyrhynchos ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
American Crows ◽  
Natural Nest ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Southern Pine Forest

Abstract We compared predation of artificial open-cup nests baited with Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix) eggs with predation of natural open-cup nests during 1997 and 1998 in a Louisiana pine forest to assess the assumption that predation of artificial nests is an index to that of natural nests. Cameras were placed at randomly selected natural and artificial nests in shrubs to document predators. Predation at artificial-nest plots was positively correlated with predation at adjacent natural-nest plots overall, although inconsistently by year. Artificial nests were almost exclusively depredated by corvids, but quail eggs were too large to be broken by small-mouthed mammalian predators. American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) appeared to be important predators of natural nests. Predation of natural nests was independent of predation at other nests, but predation of artificial nests by crows was spatially and temporally clumped. Crows may have learned the location of artificial-nest plots, and predation of artificial nests increased significantly between years, contrary to predation of natural nests. Predation of artificial nests did not exhibit seasonal variation like that of natural nests. Overall, predation of artificial shrub nests did not accurately mimic that of natural shrub nests. Changes in procedures for artificial-nest studies that reduce spatially and temporally clumped predation and prevent the exclusion of small-mouthed predators could increase the suitability of such studies as a model for predation at natural nests. However, the difference in labor effort between studies of natural nests versus artificial nests that incorporate the changes we recommend likely would disappear, which would reduce the attractiveness of artificial-nest studies as an experimental model.

Managing the Southern Pine Forest—Retained Wetland Interface for Wildlife Diversity: Research Priorities

Wetlands ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip D. Jones ◽  
Brice B. Hanberry ◽  
Stephen Demarais
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Forest ◽  
Diversity Research

Polysulfide-borohydride modification of southern pine alkaline pulping integrated with hydrothermal pre-extraction of hemicelluloses

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
SUNG-HOON YOON ◽  
HARRY CULLINAN ◽  
GOPAL A. KRISHNAGOPALAN
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Process Modification

We studied three process modifications to investigate their effects on the property and yield recovery capabilities of kraft pulping integrated with hemicellulose pre-extraction of southern pine. Loblolly pine chips were pre-extracted with hot water until the sugar extraction yield reached the targeted value of 10% and then subjected to conventional and modified kraft pulping. Modification included polysulfide pretreatment; polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment, and polysulfide followed by polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment two-stage pretreatments prior to kraft pulping. In the first modification, about 5% of the lost pulp yield (total 7%) caused by hemicellulose pre-extraction could be recovered with 15%-20% polysulfide pretreatment. Complete recovery (7%) was achieved with simultaneous pretreatment using 15% polysulfide and 0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone in polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment. Two-stage pretreatment using recycled 15% polysulfide followed by simultaneous treatment of 6% polysulfide and 0.4%–0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone also achieved 100% yield recovery. Continuous recycling of 15% polysulfide employed in the two-stage process modification maintained its yield protection efficiency in a repeated recycling cycle. No significant changes in paper strength were found in handsheets prepared from the three process modifications, except for a minor reduction in tear strength.

Lick Creek historic photographic series: a century of change in a ponderosa pine forest in western Montana, US

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Hood ◽  
Duncan C. Lutes ◽  
Justin S. Crotteau ◽  
Christopher R. Keyes ◽  
Anna Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forest

A Guide to Southern Pine Seed Sources

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark W. Lantz ◽  
John F. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine ◽  
Seed Sources
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