Economic Value of the Starling in the United States E. R. Kalmbach I. N. Gabrielson

The Auk ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States

The Economic Value of the United States Merchant Marine.

1962 ◽  
Vol 57 (300) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Daniel Marx ◽  
Allen R. Ferguson ◽  
Eugene M. Lerner ◽  
John S. McGee ◽  
Walter Y. Oi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Merchant Marine

Health effects of pesticides on agricultural farmers in the developing countries of Fiji, Ecuador, the Philippines, and Costa Rica versus the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imani Love ◽  
Chistina Pollanis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Global Issues

This paper will compare and contrast the reasons and statistics of development of negative health affects experienced by farmers and farm workers exposed to pesticides in both developed and developing countries. Several studies have suggested that a constant and close exposure of pesticides have negative affect on those who work closely with them. In developed countries farmers and farm workers have a lower risk of being affect by pesticides, whereas, in developing countries many workers face several disadvantages that affect the opportunities that they may be afforded. Countries in which one can clearly examine these specific global issues include developing countries such as: Ecuador, Fiji, Philippines and Costa Rica. These countries have the lack of knowledge surrounding pesticides, outdated technology, and the economic value of crops outweighing the value of human health. Whereas, within developed countries, such as the United States that are afforded more technology and that are scientifically aware and knowledgeable about pesticides, farmers and farm laborers experience improved circumstances and statistics that surround the use of pesticides amongst agricultural workers and farmers. Being that farmers and farm workers from both developed and developing countries are individuals who treat and nurture agricultural lands closely, including the application of pesticides; they inhale a high concentration of the chemicals. Another contributing factor to the inhaling of high concentration is the amount of time each worker spends concocting the mixture of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, nematocides (used to kill nematodes, elongated cylindrical worms), and rodenticides and applying the mixture to the crops. Creation of the mixture, application of pesticides, and disposable of pesticide containers contribute in making the farmers and farm workers high at risk for developing pesticide related illnesses. By researching and further examining the various circumstances that surround the production and application of pesticides, what will be determined are what types of acute or chronic illnesses emerge and why are they more prevalent in developing countries rather than developed countries.

What is the economic value created by adding rituximab to chemotherapy in the United States from 1998 to 2013?

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17553-e17553
Author(s):  
Mark D. Danese ◽  
Carolina M. Reyes ◽  
Michelle L. Gleeson ◽  
Marc Halperin ◽  
Sandra L. Skettino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States

Best Practices and Lessons Learned from Nuclear Materials Retrieval Programs of the United States Department of Energy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaatrin Abbott ◽  
Zachary Geroux
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
United States Department

Abstract The Atomic Energy Act, as amended, authorizes the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies to distribute nuclear materials to public or private institutions for the purposes of education as well as research and development. Significant transformations throughout the nuclear industry have led to changes in programmatic responsibility for loaned nuclear materials. DOE has established several programs to catalog, transfer ownership, retrieve, and/or dispose of these loaned nuclear materials. The variety of loaned nuclear material types, as well as operational and regulatory variations between facility licensees have created unique challenges for the retrieval and dispositioning processes. These include packaging and transportation, confirmation of regulatory jurisdiction, property transfer, and disposal of sources with no remaining economic value. This paper explores the methods and actions taken by DOE to address these challenges. Lessons learned and best practices identified from these programs are also presented.

Inventing Ideas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zorina Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
National Constitution ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
Decentralized Market

Abstract: How do knowledge and ideas influence the competitiveness of firms and nations? Current debates about grand innovation prizes, patent trolls, technological disruption, human capital, and the role of an entrepreneurial state reflect and replicate earlier controversies that took place on both sides of the Atlantic. This book shows how and why the ideas of creative individuals promote progress. The insights are based on original archival research regarding over 100,000 inventors, patented inventions, and innovation prizes in Europe and the United States during industrialization. This systematic empirical analysis across time and place and institutions provides a comprehensive microfoundation for understanding technological change and long-run macroeconomic growth. British and French policies favored “administered innovation systems,” in which elites, administrators, or panels made key economic decisions about inducement prizes, rewards, and the allocation of resources. European institutions generated returns that were misaligned with economic value and productivity and perpetuated socioeconomic inequality. Europe fell behind when the negative consequences of such top-down administered systems accumulated and reduced comparative advantage. The modern knowledge economy emerged when, for the first time in world history, an intellectual property clause was included in a national Constitution, in the United States. This strong endorsement for open-access property rights and unfettered markets in ideas reflected a revolution in thinking about the sources of creativity and technical progress. U.S. global industrial ascendancy was a direct outcome of its decentralized market-oriented institutions, which fostered diversity in ideas and innovations, the diffusion of information and disruptive technologies, and sustained endogenous growth.

scholarly journals Long-Term Health and Economic Value of Improved Mobility among Older Adults in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Kabiri ◽  
Michelle Brauer ◽  
Jason Shafrin ◽  
Jeff Sullivan ◽  
Thomas M. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States

Public Policy Considerations in the Pricing of Prescription Drugs in the United States

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Donald Rucker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Cost Accounting System

The economic value of prescribed drugs consumed in the United States probably reached $10 billion in 1973. Public interest in pricing practices is traced to the involuntary nature of patient illness in general and prescribing in particular, the intrinsic attributes of drug therapy, and the growing role of third-party programs in determining reimbursement for prescription items. Drug product pricing is criticized because of the large proportion of sales revenue consumed by indirect expenses. Nine branded products are cited where the median value of revenue consumed by indirect expenses is 91 per cent. Pricing problems related to increases in active ingredients, quantities sold, and package size are also examined. Pricing at the dispensing level is assessed in terms of its relationship to the true economic cost of this function. Significant imperfections are noted and a uniform cost-accounting system for pharmacies is recommended. The issue of prescription price posting is reviewed in some detail, and it is suggested that the posting of a unique dispensing fee in each pharmacy would optimize consumer sovereignty.

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