Changing Thegns: Cnut's Conquest and the English Aristocracy

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharin Mack
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Edward The Confessor

England was conquered twice in the eleventh century: first in 1016 by Cnut the Dane and again in 1066 by William Duke of Normandy. The influence of the Norman Conquest has been the subject of scholarly warfare ever since E.A. Freeman published the first volume of his History of the Norman Conquest of England in 1867—and indeed, long before. The consequences of Cnut's conquest, on the other hand, have not been subjected to the same scrutiny. Because England was conquered twice in less than fifty years, historians have often succumbed to the temptation of comparing the two events. But since Cnut's reign is poorly documented and was followed quickly by the restoration of the house of Cerdic in the person of Edward the Confessor, such studies have tended to judge 1016 by the standards of 1066. While such comparisons are useful, they have imposed a model on Cnut's reign which has distorted the importance of the Anglo-Scandinavian period. If, however, Cnut's reign is compared with the Anglo-Saxon past rather than the Anglo-Norman future, the influence of 1016 can be more fairly assessed.

scholarly journals Periodyki późnej epoki stanisławowskiej jako źródła dla historyka prawa ustrojowego. O „Gazecie Narodowej i Obcej” oraz „Pamiętniku Historyczno-Polityczno-Ekonomicznym”

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-312
Author(s):  
Anna Tarnowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The following contribution is devoted to the informative and political journalism of the Stanislaw II Augustus era. It may constitute a secondary source for the research of law historians, particularly in the studies of the history of the system of government. Among other things, the article refers to “The Index of Bills” (Polish Seriarz Projektów do Prawa) which may be regarded as the first Polish legal periodical. Special attention is devoted to two landmark journals of the Great Sejm period, namely “The National and Foreign Newspaper” (Polish Gazeta Narodowa i Obca) and “The Historical, Political and Economical Journal” (Polish Pamiętnik Historyczno-Polityczno-Ekonomiczny), as well as to their editors. “The National and Foreign Newspaper” became the most popular contemporary periodical (1791-1792) which promulgated the subject matter of the proceedings and the effects of the legislative work of the Great Sejm. Moreover, it was shaping political sympathies of its readers in a relatively subtle way. On the other hand, particular commitment to politics and social policy was expressed by Piotr Świtkowski who was the editor and the publisher of “The Historical, Political and Economical Journal” (1782-1792). The end of both publications was brought about by the legal acts of the Targowica Confederation.

scholarly journals Labyrinth, Monster, Mirror. In speculo nulla est redemptio

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Rafael Herra
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Alter Ego

The importance of the labyrinth and the mirror in the history of culture has never ceased. This article reflects on what they agree on and what can be learned from them. The effort to determine where these myths converge brings me to the theme of the monster, which, however, is not always the same. In the article I point out the differences: the Minotaur represents power and is born alongside the labyrinth; the mirror monster, on the other hand, is inside the subject, and it is also an outer voice — an alter ego. Ethical consequences can be drawn from these observations.

XIX.—Cardiff Castle: its Roman Origin

Archaeologia ◽  
1901 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ward
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Cardiff Castle can hardly be classed with the better-known English castles, nor has its history been a particularly stirring one. Nevertheless its position in Norman and Plantagenet times was one of considerable importance, for it was the seat of the chief lords of Glamorgan, or to use the ancient and more correct term, Morganwg. Its medieval history, however, scarcely concerns the present paper, which has to do with sundry remains of an earlier period; but should its perusal demand some reference to that phase of the subject, the concise history of this castle in the late Mr. George T. Clark's Mediæval Military Architecture in England may be consulted with advantage. It is, however, necessary to bear in mind that its definite history begins with the Norman Conquest of G-went and Morganwg in the eleventh century and the immediate circumstances which led to it. Prior to this event, the light of history gives place to shadowy tradition, and archaeology becomes our only safe guide.

World history in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: its sources and its separateness from the Old English Orosius

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Bately
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
World History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Universal History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of

Although a great deal has been written about the sources and manner of compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in its various versions, very little attention has been paid to its earliest section – the annals covering the period from the landing of Julius Caesar, s.a. 60 BC, to the coming of Hengest and Horsa, s.a. 449. Eight of these annals deal with the history of Britain and derive their material from the chronological summary at the end of Bede's Historia Ecclesiastical. The remaining twenty-four (1–45 and 62–155) deal with world history, and the origin of their information is a matter of dispute. Plummer claimed that they are derived from ‘some epitome of universal history, the source of which I have not yet been able to trace’. Hodgkin, on the other hand, considered that the composition of the Chronicle was intimately connected with that of the Old English Orosius and took Orosius to be a major source for the annals in question:

scholarly journals XVIII. On the development of Carcinus mænas

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 544-546
Keyword(s):  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
General Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Larval Condition

The author, after noticing the history of the subject, and the opposition which the assertion, “that the Zoë of naturalists is the larva of a common crab,” received, traces the progress of the development of the animal from the Zæa to the adult, and endeavours to demonstrate, that from the youngest to the most perfect form, the changes are the result of no sudden transformation, but produced by a gradual series of alterations contemporary with every succeeding moult; that the Zæa is connected with the Megalopa , and the latter with the adult by many intermediate gradations, each in itself scarcely appreciable, and progressively approximating nearer and nearer the more perfect stages. The author asserts that the development is earliest and most complete anteriorly; that when first born, the seventh or posterior segment of the head, one or more of the posterior segments of the pereion (thorax), and the penultimate of the pleon (abdomen) are wanting in the brachyurous Decapods; but that this general law loses somewhat of its force in the descending scale of development; and as it becomes less persistent, the animal approximates in the larval condition nearer to the form of the adult type; while on the other hand, the same appears to be a constant law of the depreciation in adult forms, as exhibited in the more or less aberrant Amphipoda, such as Cyrtophium, Dulichia , &c.

scholarly journals SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA; PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH KRITIS IBNU KHOLDUN

KUTTAB ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoni Rahmatullah Amrozi
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Research Results ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Education Needs

The history of Islamic education is inseparable from the internal and external influences on the development and growth of Islamic education, these two influences accumulatively converge into one and produce a whole form of Islamic education in Indonesia. On the other hand the existence of the history of Islamic education has also long been the subject of studies conducted by some historians, both from within and from abroad. There have been many research results that inform Islamic education in Indonesia in a complete and comprehensive form. Based on this fact, the study of the history of Islamic education needs to be analyzed and applied to be used as reference material and references by Muslims themselves to better understand the journey and growth of Islamic education itself reviewed in Ibn Khaldun's perspective.

The Place of Psychoanalysis in the History of the Jews

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Zaretsky
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Abstract Notion ◽  
The One

Situating psychoanalysis in the context of Jewish history, this paper takes up Freud's famous 1930 question: what is left in Judaism after one has abandoned faith in God, the Hebrew language and nationalism, and his answer: a great deal, perhaps the very essence, but an essence that we do not know. On the one hand, it argues that ‘not knowing’ connects psychoanalysis to Judaism's ancestral preoccupation with God, a preoccupation different from that of the more philosophical Greek, Latin and Christian traditions of theology. On the other hand, ‘not knowing‘ connects psychoanalysis to a post-Enlightenment conception of the person (i.e. of personal life), as opposed to the more abstract notion of the subject associated with Kant.

The Wheel of Aristotle and French Consideration of Galileo's Arguments

1968 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
Pierre Costabel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Infinitesimal Calculus ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The paradox of Aristotle's wheel has been the subject of so many scholarly debates that it seems opportune to make these debates the substance of a new study. Galileo saved the subject from oblivion by discusing it on the first day of his Discorsi [1].* Philosophers consider the problem in term of infinitesimal calculus and are grateful to Galileo for having illuslrated the dangers of depending upon intuitive notions. Physical scientists, on the other hand, consider the problem elementary and rarely condescend to examine it seriously. We shall consider the texts and history of this argument, since these areas have been neglected by scientists and philosophers.

Royal Responsibility in Anglo-Norman Historical Writing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

It has long been established that the crisis of 1066 generated a florescence of historical writing in the first half of the twelfth century. This book presents a new perspective on previously unqueried matters: it investigates how historians’ individual motivations and assumptions produced changes in the kind of history written across the Conquest. It argues that responses to the Danish Conquest of 1016 and Norman Conquest of 1066 changed dramatically within two generations of the latter conquest. Repeated conquest could signal repeated failures and sin across the orders of society, yet early twelfth-century historians in England not only extract English kings and people from a history of failure, but also establish English kingship as a worthy office on a European scale. The book illuminates the consistent historical agendas of four historians: William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, John of Worcester, and Geffrei Gaimar. In their narratives of England’s eleventh-century history, these twelfth-century historians expanded their approach to historical explanation to include individual responsibility and accountability within a framework of providential history, making substantial departures from their sources. These historians share a view of royal responsibility independent both of their sources (primarily the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) and any political agenda that placed English and Norman allegiances in opposition. Although the accounts diverge widely in the interpretation of character, all four are concerned more with the effectiveness of England’s kings than with the legitimacy of their origins. Their new, shared view of royal responsibility represents a distinct phenomenon in England’s twelfth-century historiography.

The Chatsworth Head

1938 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

Mrs. Strong in her publication of this head has described it fully and has discussed its place, as a work of art, in the history of Greek scuplture, and it is not my intention to discuss the head from those aspects. It is to be dated, as she has shown, to the second quarter of the fifth century, probably between 470 and 460. It probably represents an Apollo, and chronologically belongs to the group which includes the originals of the Cassel Apollo and the Terme Apollo, both marble copies of bronze originals. As to its stylistic kinship with these or other works, any discussion would be fruitless, for it would be impossible to arrive at any degree of probability in attempting to attribute either the Chatsworth head or the two Apollos mentioned to any one of the Greek artists of that age whose names are known, for we have little or no evidence for their style.The head was acquired by the sixth Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna from H. P. Borrell in 1838, and, according to a note from the vendor, was reported to have been found at Salamis in Cyprus. It would be a natural presumption that a head in the market at Smyrna would have been more likely to come from one of the Greek sites of Western Asia Minor. On the other hand, the mere fact that an unlikely, rather than a likely, provenance was given to the head is in its favour, for there would presumably be no reason to give it an unlikely provenance unless it was correct. So the head may really have come from Salamis in Cyprus. Further excavation at that site may throw more light on the subject. In any case, in the later years of the decade 470-460 B.C. there was a renaissance of Greek influence, especially Attic, in Cyprus after the battle of the Eurymedon.

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