Research Traditions, Public Policy, and the Underdevelopment of Theory in Plains Archaeology: Tracing the Legacy of the Missouri Basin Project

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Plains Archaeology

For more than 40 years archaeologists have been engaged in a self-conscious appraisal of the factors influencing the development of archaeological theory. The importance of external social and political forces has been widely acknowledged; however, less attention has been paid to the ways in which routine disciplinary practices authorize and reproduce particular theoretical standpoints. To illustrate how the growth of archaeological theory is intertwined with the practice of archaeological research, the goals and structure of one of the nation's first large-scale public archaeology projects, the River Basin Surveys' Missouri Basin Project (MBP), are considered and their effects on contemporary theory in Plains archaeology are evaluated. Today, theory in Plains archaeology remains implicit and for many projects culture history remains the central focus. The persistence of this research tradition can be traced in part to the success of the MBP in establishing new standards of practice for the region. Throughout the 1950s, MBP archaeologists pursued a distinctive research agenda that institutionalized inductive, culture-historical investigations. However, by the late 1960s many American archaeologists had adopted a new model of preservation, one that necessitated a new set of research practices. Because the MBP was not replaced by a new exemplar of practice, the culture historical research it championed continues to influence theory in Plains archaeology today.

Communities Make Theory: A Response to Bleed and Roper

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Plains Archaeology

In their comments, Bleed and Roper acknowledge the profound effects routine research practices have had on the conceptual development of Plains archaeology, though both disagree with aspects of my analysis. Bleed disputes my characterization of current theory in Plains archaeology but fails to appreciate the extent to which Plains archaeology continues to emphasize culture historical research. Bleed further argues that there are few connections between the research practices established by the Missouri Basin Project (MBP) and those of more recent Plains archaeologists. However, such a stance discounts the powerful influence of construct paradigms or exemplars on the development of method and theory. Roper provides valuable insights into the role played by direct historic analogy in the development of theory in Plains archaeology. However, her analysis glosses over the fact that all aspects of archaeological research are informed by theoretical propositions, whether explicitly stated or merely assumed.

scholarly journals Survei Arkeologis di Kawasan Halmahera Bagian Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Marlon NR Ririmasse
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Culture History

Halmahera is one main island in the northeast region of Wallacea. Having a uniquely environmental profile, Halmahera also serves as a home for a long cultural historical process of this region. Including for archaeological studies. Numbers of preliminary studies have been conducted to understand the dynamic of region’s culture in the past. Unfortunately, the quantity and the depth of these studies have not equivalent to the colossal potential of Halmahera’s culture history. This research is a part of the efforts to contribute in completing our knowledge on the dynamics of culture history in Halmahera. Focus of this research is to identify the archaeological potential in the geographic area of Central Halmahera. The opening of the large scale nickel mines in this region which is potentially threaten the preservation of the cultural heritage is the main consideration in chosing the research locus. Prelimenary survey has been adopted as an approach in this research. This study found that the region of Central Halmahera is a high potentially area for archaeological research according to the large coverage of the karst area in this region. Rescue and preservation action of sites in the mining area is absolutely necessary in order to maintaining the existence of all cultural heritage in the region.Halmahera merupakan salah satu daratan utama di timur laut kawasan Wallasea. Tidak hanya memiliki profil lingkungan yang khas, Halmahera juga merupakan rumah bagi proses panjang sejarah budaya kawasan. Termasuk bagi studi arkeologis. Berbagai kajian awal telah dilakukan untuk memahami dinamika budaya masa lalu di wilayah ini. Meski demikian kuantitas dan kedalamannya kiranya belum berbanding lurus dengan potensi raya sejarah budaya Halmahera sebagai sebuah kawasan. Kajian ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dalam berkontribusi melengkapi pengetahuan terkait dinamika sejarah budaya di wilayah Halmahera. Fokus penelitian diarahkan untuk menemukan segenap potensi arkeologis dalam lingkup geografis Halmahera Bagian Tengah. Pembukaan tambang nikel berskala besar di wilayah ini yang mengancam kelestarian warisan budaya menjadi salah satu pertimbangan utama dalam penentuan lokus. Survei penjajakan diadopsi sebagai metode dalam kajian ini. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa wilayah Halmahera Tengah memiliki potensi tinggi secara arkeologis mengacu pada bentang luas kawasan karst yang potensial sebagai hunian masa lalu dan segenap jejak tradisi yang masih melekat dalam keseharian masyarakat. Tindakan penyelamatan dan pelestarian atas situs-situs dalam pertambangan nikel mutlak diperlukan untuk menjaga eksistensi segenap warisan budaya dalam kawasan.

scholarly journals Between the Real and the Virtual: 3D visualization in the Cultural Heritage domain - expectations and prospects

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Hermon ◽  
Loukas Kalisperis
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Communication Medium ◽  
The Real ◽  
Data Transparency ◽  
Research Tools

<p>The paper discusses two uses of 3D Visualization and Virtual Reality (hereafter VR) of Cultural Heritage (CH) assets: a less used one, in the archaeological / historical research and a more frequent one, as a communication medium in CH museums. While technological effort has been mainly invested in improving the “accuracy” of VR (determined as how truthfully it reproduces the “CH reality”), issues related to scientific requirements, (data transparency, separation between “real” and “virtual”, etc.), are largely neglected, or at least not directly related to the 3D outcome, which may explain why, after more than twenty years of producing VR models, they are still rarely used in the archaeological research. The paper will present a proposal for developing VR tools as such as to be meaningful CH research tools as well as a methodology for designing VR outcomes to be used as a communication medium in CH museums.</p>

Historical Research and Directions of French Royal Expansion in 16th — 17th Centuries

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Pavel Uvarov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scale Transformations

In the seventeenth century, the search for the “forgotten” rights of the king were an important aid in organizing French expansion, mainly in the eastern and northeastern directions. At the sovereign courts of Lorraine, Alsace and Franche-Comté “chambers of annexations” (chambres d’annexion) were created in 1680 to organize search for archival documents supporting royal claims to neighboring lands. The idea of creating special institutions engaged in the search for documents revealing the precedents of relations with other countries and forgotten rights, that French king had supposedly enjoyed in those parts, was expressed back during the reign of Henry II. In 1556, Raoul Spifame, a lawyer at the Paris Parliament, published a book consisting of fictitious royal decrees, of which many would be implemented in the future. Among other things he ordered, on behalf of the king, the creation of thirty chambers, each specializing in the search for documents in the “treasury of charters” relating to a particular province. He had determined the composition of these chambers, the procedure for work and the form of reporting, — all this in order to arm the king with knowledge of his forgotten rights and the content of antique treaties and agreements. The nomenclature of “provincial chambers” is especially interesting, from the Chambers of Scotland and England to the Chamber of Tunisia and Africa, as well as the Chamber of Portugal and the New Lands. Much more attention was attracted by those lands to which a century later the French expansion would be directed: Franche-Comté, Artois and Flanders, Lorraine, the Duchy of Cleves. But more than half of chambers specialized in the Italian lands. This is not surprising, since in the 1550s France was entering the climax of the Italian Wars. Under Henry II (1547—1559) one of the four secretaries of state, Jean du Thier, was the person responsible for the southwestern direction of French policy. There is reason to believe that Spifame was associated with du Thier or with other members of the king’s “reform headquarters”. The large-scale transformations already at work were interrupted by the unexpected death of Henry II and the subsequent Wars of Religion. But continuity was inherent in the “spirit of the laws” of the Ancien Régime, so Spifame was able to predict future developments, including the creation of “chambers of annexation”.

BCLM: Forging Ahead: building a new urban history of the Black Country

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Simon Briercliffe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Public Project ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Country Town

Abstract The recreation of urban historical space in museums is inevitably a complex, large-scale endeavour bridging the worlds of academic and public history. BCLM: Forging Ahead at the Black Country Living Museum is a £23m project recreating a typical Black Country town post-World War II. This article uses case-studies of three buildings – a Civic Restaurant, a record shop and a pub – to argue that urban-historical research methodology and community engagement can both create a vivid sense of the past, and challenge pervasive prejudices. It also argues that such a collaborative and public project reveals much about the urban and regional nature of industrial areas like the Black Country in this pivotal historical moment.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMATIQUE IN THE SOVIET ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE 1940’s – 1960’s: FROM THE MAIN GOALS TO PRACTICAL REALIZATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
S. Paliienko
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
History Of

The article is dedicated to the main aim of the Soviet archaeology, which was also its feature – to study social development of ancient societies basing on archaeological sources. It was stated at the beginning of 1930s and after the WW2 a list of actual tasks was specified. In the late 1940’s – the early 1970’s they included studying of regularities and features of ancient (from primitive to feudal) societies development, reconstruction of concrete history of folks from the USSR territory, which had no written language, researches on handicrafts, swap and trade, studies of the mediaeval village history, examination of primitive society ideology, improvement of the typological method and archaeological theory, preparation of fundamental publications. All these tasks were practically realized in work of archaeological research institutions during above mentioned period, in particular, research fellows of central and republican archaeological research establishments worked on topics related to study of social and historical problems of ancient societies basing on archaeological data. As well these problems were discussed at methodological workshops of the Institute of archaeology AS USSR and its Leningrad branch, at All-Union meetings and conferences. Soviet archaeologists completed resumptive archaeological publications with historical conclusions and chapters or even separate volumes of fundamental books dedicated to history of particular folks, regions or periods in the 1950’s – the early 1970’s. This work on social and historical problematique determined Soviet archaeologists’ requirement for methodology development which was a cause of appearance of a new subdiscipline. The Soviet theoretical archaeology institutionalized in the early 1970s.

scholarly journals How to read the 52.000 pages of the British Journal of Psychiatry? A collaborative approach to source exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol HistoInformatics (HistoInformatics) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Andersen ◽  
Maria Biryukov ◽  
Roman Kalyakin ◽  
Lars Wieneke
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Visual Interfaces

International audience Historians are confronted with an overabundance of sources that require new perspectives and tools to make use of large-scale corpora. Based on a use case from the history of psychiatry this paper describes the work of an interdisciplinary team to tackle these challenges by combining different NLP tools with new visual interfaces that foster the exploration of the corpus. The paper highlights several research challenges in the preparation and processing of the corpus and sketches new insights for historical research that were gathered due to the use of the tools.

scholarly journals FINDING GREENER PASTURES: THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-PASTORALISM IN THE ORDOS REGION, NORTH CHINA.

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Tricia Owlett
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
New Information ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Northern Shaanxi ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

<p><em>The results of recent archaeological research in the Ordos region provide new information on the timing and process of the development of agro-pastoralism in China. Integrating previously published archaeological materials with archaeological research conducted since 2000, this essay synthesizes our current understanding of archaeological data for the middle to late Neolithic period (c. 3500–1800 B.C.) of the Ordos Region. The region is generally defined as including northern Shaanxi, southwestern Inner Mongolia, eastern Ningxia, and western Shanxi Provinces. Research into this transition to large-scale reliance upon domesticated herd animals is just beginning, but sheep, goat, and cattle husbandry were important from the Late Neolithic period onwards. During this time wild resources obtained through hunting and foraging appear to have been complementary to the diet in this region, though in small amounts. With the increasing use of zooarchaeological analysis, the foundation is laid for a greater understanding of the origins and the development of agro-pastoralism in the Ordos Region, Northwest China.</em></p>

Metaphors in banking

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Svyatoslav Y. Spirchagov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
The Status ◽  
Banking Institution ◽  
Terminology System

Contemporary theory of metaphor highlights its cognitive nature as opposed to traditional view of metaphor as rather a trope. We address the status and significance of conceptual metaphors in English banking terminology. A large-scale corpus analysis of English banking discourse (1888728 words) is conducted to determine how this trope is used. The application of a cognitive approach to a banking discourse has led to identification of metaphoric structures characterizing banking discourse. We confirm the use of terminology system corpus for (organic, mechanical, military, liquid, sports) metaphor models. We prove that banking discourse is highly metaphoric and borrows metaphors from multiple terminological domains. We establish the evolution of certain metaphors. We define the connections between concept areas of cognitive maps. We also prove that not all semes are transferred from the source to the target area, which confirms the connection at the conceptual level. Special attention is paid to the nexus of banking institution and social and political aspects of national cultures. This in turn allows to substantiate and test the theory of conceptual metaphor, and also served as means for a detailed study of conceptual metaphors as a culturally determined phenomenon in language. Given that metaphor is a dynamic cognitive mechanism, we detect diverse ways of metaphorization.

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