A Society of Wolves: National Parks and the Battle Over the Wolf. By Rick McIntyre, The Timber Wolf in Wisconsin: The Death and Life of a Majestic Predator. By Richard P. Thiel and Meant To Be Wild: The Struggle to Save Endangered Species Through Captive Breeding. By Jan DeBlieu

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
E. A. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Captive Breeding

scholarly journals Conserving Rajaji and Corbett National Parks – the elephant as a flagship species

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. T. Johnsingh ◽  
Justus Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
North West

One of India's five major populations of elephants lives in north-west India, where 90 per cent of the total 750 elephants occur in Rajaji and Corbett National Parks and adjacent reserve forests. This 3000-sq-km habitat is also home to many other endangered species. While the 520-sq-km core area of Corbett National Park is free from human impact, the rest of the range is subject to increasing pressures, both from the pastoral Gujjar community within the forests and villagers outside. The elephant habitat has been fragmented by hydrological development work and human-elephant conflict is increasing. The authors recommend measures that need to be implemented to ensure that the elephants and other wildlife of the area are conserved.

scholarly journals New directions in assisted breeding techniques for fish conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Rivers ◽  
Jonathan Daly ◽  
Peter Temple-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Germ Cell Transplantation ◽  
Spawning Periods ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Fish populations continue to decline globally, signalling the need for new initiatives to conserve endangered species. Over the past two decades, with advances in our understanding of fish germ line biology, new exsitu management strategies for fish genetics and reproduction have focused on the use of germ line cells. The development of germ cell transplantation techniques for the purposes of propagating fish species, most commonly farmed species such as salmonids, has been gaining interest among conservation scientists as a means of regenerating endangered species. Previously, exsitu conservation methods in fish have been restricted to the cryopreservation of gametes or maintaining captive breeding colonies, both of which face significant challenges that have restricted their widespread implementation. However, advances in germ cell transplantation techniques have made its application in endangered species tangible. Using this approach, it is possible to preserve the genetics of fish species at any stage in their reproductive cycle regardless of sexual maturity or the limitations of brief annual spawning periods. Combining cryopreservation and germ cell transplantation will greatly expand our ability to preserve functional genetic samples from threatened species, to secure fish biodiversity and to produce new individuals to enhance or restore native populations.

scholarly journals Parks and Problems in Colombia

Oryx ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Perry
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
South America ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Remote Areas

Colombia has a wealth of wildlife – including endangered species such as spectacled bear, mountain tapir, pudu and condor – a lot of still unexplored country, an impressive list of national parks and reserves, and an active national parks department. But there are many threats: a rapidly increasing population, haphazard settlement (with shifting ‘slash and burn’ cultivation), the increasing accessibility of formerly remote areas, the profitable trade in wild animals, and the lack of public interest in and support for conservation. Roger Perry has spent much time in South America, especially Colombia, and is a former Director of the Charles Darwin Research Station in the Galapagos Islands.

scholarly journals Population Status and Distribution of Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu P Thapaliya ◽  
Madhav Khadka ◽  
Hemanta Kafley
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), biological treasure of the Indian subcontinent now restricts its existence in few big river systems of India and Nepal only. Innumerable threats posed to Gharial and its natural habitat led to extinction of the species from Bhutan, Burma and Pakistan and almost extinct from Bangladesh. Despite of the concerted Gharial conservation effort of Nepal and India since midtwentieth century, the species finds its status as Critically Endangered on the IUCN 2007 Red list. Realizing the fact that a basic step in any conservation plan involving mega herpetofauna is to estimate its population status and structure and its geographic distribution, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal held Gharial census on January-February 2008. The census estimated a total of 81 Gharials in Nepal. Out of total Gharial recorded during the census, 70 Gharials were recorded through direct sighting while 11 were based on indirect observations. Factors responsible for decreasing Gharial population were flood and dam construction, habitat destruction and decline in food quality & quantity. Over fishing, use of gill nets and river poisoning adversely affected the quality and quantity of fishes that serve as main food for Gharial. Contradictory to the past findings decreasing Gharial population was not attributed to the illegal egg collection and poaching of male Gharial for "Ghara". Deliberate killing was only found to take place in case the animal got entrapped in fishing nets. We conclude that Gharial should receive high conservation priority in future too. Efforts to restore the population through artificial breeding have much to do for maintaining present population. However, declining population, despite of several Gharial releases, should be addressed through more detailed scientific study. Census should be based on direct sighting through extensive field observation. Gharial release should precede scientific field study for assessing habitat suitability and follow with intensive monitoring program. The emphasis should be given for preparing specific Gharial Conservation Action Plan for regulating conservation activities to help conserve Gharial in Nepal. Key Words: Gharial conservation, Population status, Captive breeding, Threats DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2422 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.1-11

Extinction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark V. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
The 19Th Century

The prospect of extinction, the complete loss of a species or other group of organisms, has long provoked strong responses. Until the turn of the 18th century, deeply held and widely shared beliefs about the order of nature led to a firm rejection of the possibility that species could entirely vanish. During the 19th century, however, resistance to the idea of extinction gave way to widespread acceptance following the discovery of the fossil remains of numerous previously unknown forms and direct experience with contemporary human-driven decline and the destruction of several species. In an effort to stem continued loss, at the turn of the 19th century, naturalists, conservationists, and sportsmen developed arguments for preventing extinction, created wildlife conservation organizations, lobbied for early protective laws and treaties, pushed for the first government-sponsored parks and refuges, and experimented with captive breeding. In the first half of the 20th century, scientists began systematically gathering more data about the problem through global inventories of endangered species and the first life-history and ecological studies of those species. The second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries have been characterized both by accelerating threats to the world’s biota and greater attention to the problem of extinction. Powerful new laws, like the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, have been enacted and numerous international agreements negotiated in an attempt to address the issue. Despite considerable effort, scientists remain fearful that the current rate of species loss is similar to that experienced during the five great mass extinction events identified in the fossil record, leading to declarations that the world is facing a biodiversity crisis. Responding to this crisis, often referred to as the sixth extinction, scientists have launched a new interdisciplinary, mission-oriented discipline, conservation biology, that seeks not just to understand but also to reverse biota loss. Scientists and conservationists have also developed controversial new approaches to the growing problem of extinction: rewilding, which involves establishing expansive core reserves that are connected with migratory corridors and that include populations of apex predators, and de-extinction, which uses genetic engineering techniques in a bid to resurrect lost species. Even with the development of new knowledge and new tools that seek to reverse large-scale species decline, a new and particularly imposing danger, climate change, looms on the horizon, threatening to undermine those efforts.

scholarly journals Causes of hatching failure in endangered birds

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hemmings ◽  
M. West ◽  
T. R. Birkhead
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Embryonic Tissue ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Breeding Programmes

About 10 per cent of birds' eggs fail to hatch, but the incidence of failure can be much higher in endangered species. Most studies fail to distinguish between infertility (due to a lack of sperm) and embryo mortality as the cause of hatching failure, yet doing so is crucial in order to understand the underlying problem. Using newly validated techniques to visualize sperm and embryonic tissue, we assessed the fertility status of unhatched eggs of five endangered species, including both wild and captive birds. All eggs were classified as ‘infertile’ when collected, but most were actually fertile with numerous sperm on the ovum. Eggs of captive birds had fewer sperm and were more likely to be infertile than those of wild birds. Our findings raise important questions regarding the management of captive breeding programmes.

The Case for High-forest National Parks in Ghana

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O.A. Asibey ◽  
J. G. K. Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Implementation of a conservation policy of preserving representative samples of all the natural ecosystems in the country has led to the establishment, from 1974, of two high-foresi national parks, namely the Bia and the Nini-Suhien, of an area now totalling 252 square kilometres or 0.3% of the original high-forests of Ghana. Continuing pressures to permit logging and other forms of exploitation for short-term cash benefits suggest that, unlike the national parks in the savanna zone, the need for high-forest national parks is yet to be fully appreciated.High-forest national parks are vital as:– A reference-base for scientific studies and for comparison with forests that have been modified through logging, sylviculture, and farming; they may thus provide data for decisions on the most desirable future management of high-forest areas;– A genetic bank for the most important timber trees and for rare and endangered species and other taxa of fauna and flora;– A focal point for the breeding and spreading of wild animals which are widely exploited for meat throughout Ghana;– As a tourist and recreational asset; the high-forest itself is the chief tourist resource within the high-forest zone, providing a unique atmosphere for relaxation and outdoor recreation; and– As an educational, cultural, ecological, and scientific, heritage of the greatest importance.Internally, therefore, the policy of creating and maintaining high-forest national parks needs to be strengthened against political and economic pressures, with pursuit of a vigorous effort at educating decision-makers and the general public to an understanding of the many intangible values of natural forests. Externally, a common habitat-conservation policy for the West African subregion is urged—not only to prevent smuggling of protected, rare, and endangered, species across national borders, but also because the environmental consequences of the abuse of Nature recognize no such national frontiers.

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