Asian Link Proposed for Primate Evolution

Science News ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 145 (16) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
B. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Primate Evolution

Molecular mechanisms of chromosomal rearrangement during primate evolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki ◽  
David N. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangement ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primate Evolution

scholarly journals Inhibitory interneurons of the human prefrontal cortex display conserved evolution of the phenotype and related genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1684) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet C. Sherwood ◽  
Mary Ann Raghanti ◽  
Cheryl D. Stimpson ◽  
Muhammad A. Spocter ◽  
Monica Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Inhibitory Circuitry ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Anthropoid Primates ◽  
And Migration

Inhibitory interneurons participate in local processing circuits, playing a central role in executive cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Although humans differ from other primates in a number of cognitive domains, it is not currently known whether the interneuron system has changed in the course of primate evolution leading to our species. In this study, we examined the distribution of different interneuron subtypes in the prefrontal cortex of anthropoid primates as revealed by immunohistochemistry against the calcium-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin. In addition, we tested whether genes involved in the specification, differentiation and migration of interneurons show evidence of positive selection in the evolution of humans. Our findings demonstrate that cellular distributions of interneuron subtypes in human prefrontal cortex are similar to other anthropoid primates and can be explained by general scaling rules. Furthermore, genes underlying interneuron development are highly conserved at the amino acid level in primate evolution. Taken together, these results suggest that the prefrontal cortex in humans retains a similar inhibitory circuitry to that in closely related primates, even though it performs functional operations that are unique to our species. Thus, it is likely that other significant modifications to the connectivity and molecular biology of the prefrontal cortex were overlaid on this conserved interneuron architecture in the course of human evolution.

scholarly journals Two Tetranucleotide Repeats within the Xq21.3/Yp11.2 Human Specific Region of Homology and Their Conservation in Primate Evolution

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Heui-Soo Kim ◽  
Catharine Winstanley ◽  
Rekha V. Wadekar ◽  
Osamu Takenaka ◽  
Fusako Mitsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Tetranucleotide Repeats ◽  
Human Specific

scholarly journals How Immune Peptidases Change Specificity: Cathepsin G Gained Tryptic Function but Lost Efficiency during Primate Evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 185 (9) ◽  
pp. 5360-5368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred W. Raymond ◽  
Neil N. Trivedi ◽  
Anastasia Makarova ◽  
Manisha Ray ◽  
Charles S. Craik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Cathepsin G

Retroviral and pseudogene insertion sites reveal the lineage of human salivary and pancreatic amylase genes from a single gene during primate evolution

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2513-2520
Author(s):  
L C Samuelson ◽  
K Wiebauer ◽  
C M Snow ◽  
M H Meisler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Amylase Genes ◽  
History Of

We have analyzed the junction regions of inserted elements within the human amylase gene complex. This complex contains five genes which are expressed at high levels either in the pancreas or in the parotid gland. The proximal 5'-flanking regions of these genes contain two inserted elements. A gamma-actin pseudogene is located at a position 200 base pairs upstream of the first coding exon. All of the amylase genes contain this insert. The subsequent insertion of an endogenous retrovirus interrupted the gamma-actin pseudogene within its 3'-untranslated region. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the inserted elements associated with each of the five human amylase genes has revealed a series of molecular events during the recent history of this gene family. The data indicate that the entire gene family was generated during primate evolution from one ancestral gene copy and that the retroviral insertion activated a cryptic promoter.

Characterization and evolution of a single-copy sequence from the human Y chromosome

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-581
Author(s):  
R D Burk ◽  
P Ma ◽  
K D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Single Copy Sequence ◽  
Copy Sequence ◽  
Human Y Chromosome

To study the evolution and organization of DNA from the human Y chromosome, we constructed a recombinant library of human Y DNA by using a somatic cell hybrid in which the only cytologically detectable human chromosome is the Y. One recombinant (4B2) contained a 3.3-kilobase EcoRI single-copy fragment which was localized to the proximal portion of the Y long arm. Sequences homologous to this human DNA are present in male gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan DNAs but not in female ape DNAs. Under stringent hybridization conditions, the homologous sequence is either a single-copy or a low-order repeat in humans and in the apes. With relaxed hybridization conditions, this human Y probe detected several homologous DNA fragments which are all derived from the Y in that they occur in male DNAs from humans and the apes but not in female DNAs. In contrast, this probe hybridized to highly repeated sequences in both male and female DNAs from old world monkeys. Thus, sequences homologous to this probe underwent a change in copy number and chromosomal distribution during primate evolution.

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