Scientists Isolate Bacteria That Cause Stone Decay

doi:10.2307/3909080

Stone Decay in the Architectural Environment

10.1130/spe390 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alice V. Turkington

Keyword(s):

Stone Decay

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Understanding the decay of stone-built cultural heritage

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/0309133308098119 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 439-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

B.J. Smith ◽

M. Gomez-Heras ◽

S. McCabe

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Building Stone ◽

Stone Decay ◽

Building Stones ◽

The Public ◽

The Past ◽

Built Heritage ◽

Common Misconceptions

The problem of the decay and conservation of stone-built heritage is a complex one, requiring input across many disciplines to identify appropriate remedial steps and management strategies. Over the past few decades, earth scientists have brought a unique perspective to this challenging area, drawing on traditions and knowledge obtained from research into landscape development and the natural environment. This paper reviews the crucial themes that have arisen particularly, although not exclusively, from the work of physical geographers — themes that have sought to correct common misconceptions held by the public, as well as those directly engaged in construction and conservation, regarding the nature, causes and controls of building stone decay. It also looks to the future, suggesting how the behaviour of building stones (and hence the work of stone decay scientists) might alter in response to the looming challenge of climate change.

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PROCEDURES AND METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON STONE DECAY

Science, Technology and European Cultural Heritage ◽

10.1016/b978-0-7506-0237-2.50074-5 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 489-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. WARSCHEID ◽

K. PETERSEN ◽

W.E. KRUMBEIN

Keyword(s):

Stone Decay

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Photo Scanner 3D Survey for Monitoring Historical Monuments. the Case History of Porta Praetoria in Aosta

Geoinformatics FCE CTU ◽

10.14311/gi.6.39 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 314-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paolo Salonia ◽

Tommaso Leti Messina ◽

Andrea Marcolongo ◽

Lorenzo Appolonia

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

New Technology ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Point Clouds ◽

3D Models ◽

Stone Decay ◽

Decay Kinetics ◽

Image Block ◽

Building Site ◽

Historical Monuments

Accessibility to cultural heritage is one of the most important factors in cultural heritage preservation, as it assures knowledge, monitoring, Public Administration management and a wide interest on cultural heritage sites. Nowdays 3D surveys give the geometric basis for an effective artefact reconstruction but most of the times 3D data are not completely and deeply investigated to extract other useful information on historical monuments for their conservation and safeguard. The Cultural Heritage Superintendence of Aosta decided to run a time continual project of monitoring of the Praetorian Roman Gate with the collaboration of the ITABC, CNR of Italy. The Praetorian Roman Gate in Aosta, Italy, of Augustus ages, is one of the most well-known roman monumental gates, it is a double gate with three arches each side, 12 meters high, 20 meters wide, made of pudding stone ashlars, Badoglio, travertine, marble blocks and other stone insertion due to restorations between 1600 and 1950. In years 2000 a final restoration intervention brought the gate at the present state of art, within the frame of a restoration and conservation building site with the purpose of treat the different decay pathologies and conditions. A complete 3D geometric survey campaign has been the first step for the monitoring of the gate morphologic changes and decay progress in time. The main purpose is to collect both quantitative data, related to the geometry of the gate, and the qualitative data, related to the chromatic change on the surface due to the stone decay. The geometric data with colour information permits to associate materials and stone pathologies to chemical or mechanical actions and to understand and analyse superficial decay kinetics. The colours survey will also permit to directly locate on the 3D model areas of different stratigraphic units. The project aims to build a rigorous quantitative-qualitative database so to be uploaded into a GIS. The GIS will become the monitoring main means. Considering the huge dimension of the gate and its urban location a multi-scale approach has been considered. Controlled and free images have been taken from the ground and the top of the gate so to reconstruct all the walls and the upper cover. A topographic survey has been done so to be able to control and relate all the different acquisitions. It has been chosen a Photo Scanner 3D system. It is a photogrammetry-based survey technology for point clouds acquisition and 3D models configuration, from digital images processing. This technology allows to obtain point clouds (xyz coordinates) with RGB information and geometries at different levels of complexity by processing a number of images taken with a limited set of constraints, with the use of a simple acquisition equipment and through an image matching algorithm (ZScan, by Menci Software). Due to the high walls of the arch gates, the higher part has been surveyed with a remote controlled drone (UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) with a digital camera on it, so to take pictures up to the maximum altitude and with different shooting angles ( 90 and 45 degree). This is a new technology which permits to survey inaccessible parts of a high monument with ease and accuracy, by collecting redundant pictures later bound together by an image block algorithm. This paper aims to present the survey experience architectural monuments trough the application of a trifocal quick photogrammetric system, in surveying at different scales and for different purposes.

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