scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Big Sagebrush Control on Vegetation and Soil Water

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Sturges
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Big Sagebrush

Long-Term Effects of Fire on Vegetation Structure and Predicted Fire Behavior in Wyoming Big Sagebrush Ecosystems

Ecosystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schyler A. Reis ◽  
Lisa M. Ellsworth ◽  
J. Boone Kauffman ◽  
David W. Wrobleski
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Wyoming Big Sagebrush

Soil water dynamics and growth of perennial pasture species for dryland salinity control

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lolicato
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics

Fortnightly soil water content measurements to a depth of 2.1 m under 4 cocksfoot cultivars, 2 phalaris cultivars, 2 lucerne cultivars and 1 Lotus corniculatus cultivar were used to compare soil profile drying and to define seasonal patterns of plant water use of the species over a 3-year period, on a duplex soil. Cultivars were also selected, within species groups, for varying seasonal growth patterns to assess this influence on soil water dynamics and growth. Over the 3-year period, treatments with the highest and lowest measures of profile soil water content were used to derive and compare values of maximum plant extractable water. Plots were maintained for a further 3 years, after which soil water content measurements in autumn were used to assess long-term effects of the treatments. The effect of seasonal growth patterns within a species was negligible; however, there were significant differences between species. Twenty-one months after pasture establishment, lucerne alone had a drying effect at 2.0 m depth and subsequently it consistently showed profiles with the lowest soil water content. Maximum plant extractable water was greatest for lucerne (230 mm), followed by phalaris (210 mm), Lotus corniculatus (200 mm) and cocksfoot (170 mm). Profiles with the lowest soil water content were associated with greater herbage growth and greater depths of water extraction. The soil water deficits developed by the treatments in autumn of the fourth year were similar to those measured in autumn of the seventh year, implying that a species-dependant equilibrium had been reached. Long-term rainfall data is used to calculate the probabilities of recharge occurring when rainfall exceeds maximum potential deficits for the different pasture species.

scholarly journals Responses of soil water storage and crop water use efficiency to changing climatic conditions: A lysimeter-based space-for-time approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Groh ◽  
Jan Vanderborght ◽  
Thomas Pütz ◽  
Hans-Jörg Vogel ◽  
Ralf Gründling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Future crop production will be affected by climatic changes. In several regions, the projected changes in total rainfall and seasonal rainfall patterns will lead to lower soil water storage (SWS) which in turn affects crop water uptake, crop yield, water use efficiency, grain quality and groundwater recharge. Effects of climate change on those variables depend on the soil properties and were often estimated based on model simulations. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of key variables in four different soils and for two different climates in Germany with different aridity index: 1.09 for the wetter (range: 0.82 to 1.29) and 1.57 for the drier climate (range: 1.19 to 1.77), by using high-precision weighable lysimeters. According to a “space-for-time” concept, intact soil monoliths that were moved to sites with contrasting climatic conditions have been monitored from April 2011 until December 2018. Evapotranspiration was lower for the same soil under the relatively drier climate whereas crop yield was significantly higher, without affecting grain quality. Especially non-productive water losses (evapotranspiration out of the main growing period) were lower which led to a more efficient crop water use in the drier climate. A characteristic decrease of the SWS for soils with a finer texture was observed after a longer drought period under a drier climate. The reduced SWS after the drought remained until the end of the observation period which demonstrates carry-over of drought from one growing season to another and the overall long term effects of single drought events. In the relatively drier climate, water flow at the soil profile bottom showed a small net upward flux over the entire monitoring period as compared to downward fluxes (ground water recharge) or drainage in the relatively wetter climate and larger recharge rates in the coarser- as compared to finer-textured soils. The large variability of recharge from year to year and the long lasting effects of drought periods on SWS imply that long term monitoring of soil water balance components is necessary to obtain representative estimates. Results confirmed a more efficient crop water use under less optimal soil moisture conditions. Long-term effects of changing climatic conditions on the SWS and ecosystem productivity should be considered when trying to develop adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector.

Long-term effects of revegetation on soil water content of sand dunes in arid region of Northern China

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Rong Li ◽  
Feng Yun Ma ◽  
Hong Lang Xiao ◽  
Xin Ping Wang ◽  
Ke Chung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Chemical Control of Big Sagebrush

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Thilenius ◽  
Gary R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Big Sagebrush

scholarly journals Calibration and Global Sensitivity Analysis for a Salinity Model Used in Evaluating Fields Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in the Salinas Valley

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Prudentia Zikalala ◽  
Isaya Kisekka ◽  
Mark Grismer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
Root Zone Salinity

Treated wastewater irrigation began two decades ago in the Salinas Valley of California and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the long-term effects of this strategy on soil salinization. We used data from a long-term field experiment that included application of a range of blended water salinity on vegetables, strawberries and artichoke crops using surface and pressurized irrigation systems to calibrate and validate a root zone salinity model. We first applied the method of Morris to screen model parameters that have negligible influence on the output (soil‐water electrical conductivity (ECsw)), and then the variance-based method of Sobol to select parameter values and complete model calibration and validation. While model simulations successfully captured long-term trends in soil salinity, model predictions underestimated ECsw for high ECsw samples. The model prediction error for the validation case ranged from 2.6% to 39%. The degree of soil salinization due to continuous application of water with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.57 dS/m to 1.76 dS/m depends on multiple factors; ECw and actual crop evapotranspiration had a positive effect on ECsw, while rainfall amounts and fallow had a negative effect. A 50-year simulation indicated that soil water equilibrium (ECsw ≤ 2dS/m, the initial ECsw) was reached after 8 to 14 years for vegetable crops irrigated with ECw of 0.95 to 1.76. Annual salt output loads for the 50-year simulation with runoff was a magnitude greater (from 305 to 1028 kg/ha/year) than that in deep percolation (up to 64 kg/ha/year). However, for all sites throughout the 50-year simulation, seasonal root zone salinity (saturated paste extract) did not exceed thresholds for salt tolerance for the selected crop rotations for the range of blended applied water salinities.

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