scholarly journals Influence of Soil, Vegetation, and Grazing Management on Infiltration Rate and Sediment Production of Edwards Plateau Rangeland

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Allan McGinty ◽  
Fred E. Smeins ◽  
Leo B. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Edwards Plateau ◽  
Sediment Production

scholarly journals Karst bare slope soil erosion and soil quality: a simulation case study

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Dai ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
H. Shao ◽  
Z. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Slope Runoff

Abstract. The influence on soil erosion by different bedrock bareness ratios, different rainfall intensities, different underground pore fissure degrees and rainfall duration are researched through manual simulation of microrelief characteristics of karst bare slopes and underground karst crack construction in combination with artificial simulation of rainfall experiment. The results show that firstly, when the rainfall intensity is small (30 and 50 mm h−1), no bottom load loss is produced on the surface, and surface runoff, underground runoff and sediment production are increased with the increasing of rainfall intensity. Secondly, surface runoff and sediment production reduced with increased underground pore fissure degree, while underground runoff and sediment production increased. Thirdly, raindrops hit the surface, forming a crust with rainfall duration. The formation of crusts increases surface runoff erosion and reduces soil infiltration rate. This formation also increases surface-runoff-erosion-damaged crust and increased soil seepage rate. Raindrops continued to hit the surface, leading the formation of crust. Soil permeability showed volatility which was from reduction to increases, reduction, and so on. Surface and subsurface runoff were volatile with rainfall duration. Fourthly, when rock bareness ratio is 50 % and rainfall intensities are 30 and 50 mm h−1, runoff is not produced on the surface, and the slope runoff and sediment production present a fluctuating change with increased rock bareness ratio. Fifthly, the correlation degree between the slope runoff and sediment production and all factors are as follows: rainfall intensity-rainfall duration-underground pore fissure degree–bedrock bareness ratio.

scholarly journals Karst bare slope soil erosion and soil quality: a simulation case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1639-1671
Author(s):  
Q. Dai ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
H. Shao ◽  
Z. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Slope Runoff

Abstract. The influence on soil erosion by different bedrock bareness ratios, different rainfall intensities, different underground pore fissure degrees and rainfall duration are researched through manual simulation of microrelief characteristics of karst bare slopes and underground karst crack construction in combination with artificial simulation of rainfall experiment. The results show that firstly, when the rainfall intensity is small (30 and 50 mm h−1), no bottom load loss is produced on the surface, and surface and underground runoff and sediment production is increased with the increasing of rainfall intensity; secondly, surface runoff and sediment production reduced with increased underground pore fissure degree, while underground runoff and sediment production increased; thirdly, raindrops hit the surface, forming a crust with rainfall duration. The formation of crusts increases surface runoff erosion and reduces soil infiltration rate. Increasing of surface runoff erosion damaged crust and increased soil seepage rate. Raindrops continued to hit the surface, leading the formation of crust. Soil permeability showed volatility which were from reduction to increases and reduction, and so on. Surface and subsurface runoff were volatility with rainfall duration; fourthly, when rock bareness ratio is 50% and rainfall intensities are 30 and 50 mm h−1, runoff is not produced on the surface, and the slope runoff and sediment production presents a fluctuating change with increased rock bareness ratio; fifthly, the correlation degree between the slope runoff and sediment production and all factors are as follows: rainfall intensity > rainfall duration > underground pore fissure degree > bed rock bareness ratio.

scholarly journals Sediment production and soil water infiltration under different simulated rainfall characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 572-578
Author(s):  
Wilk S. de Almeida ◽  
Daniel F. de Carvalho ◽  
Fernandes A. C. Pereira ◽  
Janaína R. C. Rouws
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The study was carried out to evaluate sediment production, water infiltration and surface runoff in an Ultisol under simulated rainfalls with similar erosivity, but different combinations of intensity (Int) and duration (Dur). The rainfalls were applied after soil tillage in the period from August to September 2017, in Seropédica, RJ State, Brazil. Using a computer program, the treatments were defined from the erosivity calculated for a rainfall with intensity of 60 mm h-1 and duration of 60 min, resulting in the other combinations of Int and Dur: 44.5 mm h-1 and 106 min; 53.5 mm h-1 and 78 min; 66.9 mm h-1 and 48 min; and 76.5 mm h-1 and 38 min, in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. Sediment production varied from 2.17 to 6.11 g m-2, respectively, in the treatments with Int 53.5 mm h-1 and Dur 78 min and Int 44.5 mm h-1 and Dur 106 min. Stable infiltration rate (mm h-1) were 21.6, 37.7, 31.4, 29.5, and 22.4, respectively, in the treatments Int 44.5 mm h-1 and Dur 106 min; Int 53.5 mm h-1 and Dur 78 min; Int 60.4 mm h-1 and Dur 60 min; Int 66.9 mm h-1 and Dur 48 min; and Int 76.5 mm h-1 and Dur 38 min. The different combinations of intensity and duration of rainfalls with similar erosivity change sediment production, but do not significantly influence surface runoff and water infiltration in the soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Livestock Grazing on Sediment Production, Edwards Plateau of Texas

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. McCalla ◽  
W. H. Blackburn ◽  
L. B. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Edwards Plateau ◽  
Sediment Production

Runoff and sediment yield under simulated rainfall on hillslopes in the Loess Plateau of China

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Pute Wu ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Matthew J. Helmers ◽  
Xiaobo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Runoff Rate ◽  
Natural Grassland

Runoff volume, sediment yield and infiltration on hillslope in the hilly region of Loess Plateau were studied using a rainfall simulator. Two land cover (natural grassland, NG, and bare hillslope, BS) and three different rainfall intensities (2.0, 1.5, 0.75 mm min–1) were implemented. The runoff time of the NG2.0 treatment was 4.8 min earlier, the average infiltration rate was 5.60% lower, the runoff rate was 1.12 times higher and the sediment production rate was 3.28 times lower than those in the BS2.0 treatment. The runoff time for the NG1.5 and the NG0.75 treatments were 6 and 27 min slower, respectively, the average infiltration rate were 10.78 and 23.52% higher, respectively, the runoff rate were 1.67 and 4.25 times lower, respectively, and the sediment production rate were 5.21 and 16.75 times lower, respectively, than those for the BS1.5 and BS0.75 treatments. The effects of slope on sediment reduction were significantly greater than the effects of its runoff reduction, and there occurred more significant sediment-reducing effects with the decrease of rainfall intensity. Efficient use of rainfall runoff in the natural grassland at high intensity should be taken into considerations especially under current conditions of the co-existing drought-caused water shortage and soil erosion in the loess hilly regions.

Management of grazing systems

1989 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates

Recent assessments of the relative importance of stocking rate. stocking policy and grazing management on the output from pastoral systems are used as a starting point to argue the need for objective pasture assessments to aid control of livestock enterprises to meet production targets. Variations in stocking rates, stocking policy and other management practices all provide alternative means of control of pasture conditions which are the major determinants of pasture and animal performance. Understanding of the influence of pasture conditions on systems performance should provide a better basis for management control and for Communication between farmers, extension officers and researchers. Keywords: Stocking rate, pasture condition, pasture cover

Regular estimates of paddock pasture mass can improve profitability on New Zealand dairy farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Beukes ◽  
S. Mccarthy ◽  
C.M. Wims ◽  
A.J. Romera
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Perfect Knowledge ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
A Value ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge ◽  
Farm Scale

Paddock selection is an important component of grazing management and is based on either some estimate of pasture mass (cover) or the interval since last grazing for each paddock. Obtaining estimates of cover to guide grazing management can be a time consuming task. A value proposition could assist farmers in deciding whether to invest resources in obtaining such information. A farm-scale simulation exercise was designed to estimate the effect of three levels of knowledge of individual paddock cover on profitability: 1) "perfect knowledge", where cover per paddock is known with perfect accuracy, 2) "imperfect knowledge", where cover per paddock is estimated with an average error of 15%, 3) "low knowledge", where cover is not known, and paddocks are selected based on longest time since last grazing. Grazing management based on imperfect knowledge increased farm operating profit by approximately $385/ha compared with low knowledge, while perfect knowledge added a further $140/ha. The main driver of these results is the level of accuracy in daily feed allocation, which increases with improving knowledge of pasture availability. This allows feed supply and demand to be better matched, resulting in less incidence of under- and over-feeding, higher milk production, and more optimal post-grazing residuals to maximise pasture regrowth. Keywords: modelling, paddock selection, pasture cover

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