scholarly journals Long-Term Grazing Effects on Stipa-Bouteloua Prairie Soils

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Smoliak ◽  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Grazing Effects

Effects of Grazing on Abundance and Distribution of Shortgrass Steppe Consumers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Milchunas ◽  
William K. Lauenroth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Grazing Effects

Although livestock are the most obvious consumers on the shortgrass steppe, they are certainly not the only consumers. However, livestock may influence the other consumers in a number of different ways. They may directly compete for food resources with other aboveground herbivores. There is behavioral interference between livestock and some species of wildlife (Roberts and Becker, 1982), but not others (Austin and Urness, 1986). The removal of biomass by livestock alters canopy structure (physiognomy) and influences microclimate. Bird, small-mammal, and insect species can be variously sensitive to these structural alterations (Brown, 1973; Cody, 1985; MacArthur, 1965; Morris, 1973; Rosenzweig et al., 1975; Wiens, 1969). There are both short- and long-term effects of grazing on plant community species composition, primary production, and plant tissue quality. Belowground consumers can also be affected by the effects of grazing on soil water infiltration, nutrient cycling, carbon allocation patterns of plants, litter accumulation, and soil temperature. The overall effects of livestock on a particular component of the native fauna can be negative or can be positive through facilitative relationships (Gordon, 1988). In this chapter we assess the effects of cattle grazing on other above- and belowground consumers, on the diversity and relative sensitivity of these groups of organisms, and on their trophic structure. We first present some brief background information on plant communities of the shortgrass steppe and on the long-term grazing treatments in which many of the studies reported herein were conducted. Details on the plant communities are presented by Lauenroth in chapter 5 (this volume), grazing effects on plant communities by Milchunas et al. in chapter 16 (this volume); and grazing effects on nutrient distributions and cycling by Burke et al. in chapter 13 (this volume). The physiognomy of the shortgrass steppe is indicated in its name. The dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and Buchloë dactyloides), forb (Sphaeralcea coccinea), and carex (Carex eleocharis) have the majority of their leaf biomass within 10 cm of the ground surface. A number of less abundant midheight grasses and dwarf shrubs are sparsely interspersed among the short vegetation, but usually much of their biomass is within 25 cm of the g round. Basal cover of vegetation typically totals 25% to 35%, and is greater in long-term grazed than in ungrazed grassland. Bare ground (more frequent on grazed sites) and litter-covered ground (more frequent on ungrazed sites) comprise the remainder of the soil surface (Milchunas et al., 1989).

scholarly journals Long-Term Grazing Effects on Fescue Grassland Soils

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Johnston ◽  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
S. Smoliak
Keyword(s):  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Grazing Effects

Long-term grazing effects on grassland soil properties in southern British Columbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. W. Evans ◽  
M. Krzic ◽  
K. Broersma ◽  
D. J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Grazing Effects

Evans, C. R. W., Krzic, M., Broersma, K. and Thompson, D. J. 2012. Long-term grazing effects on grassland soil properties in southern British Columbia. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 685–693. Although grazing effects on soil properties have been evaluated on various temperate grasslands, no study has dealt with these effects in the southern interior of British Columbia. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of spring versus fall season grazing as well as grazing [at a moderate rate of 0.6 animal unit months (AUM) ha−1] versus non-grazing by beef cattle on selected soil properties. Effects were determined 20 and 30 yr after the establishment of the field experiment. Soil properties were determined for the 0- to 7.5-cm, 7.5- to 15-cm, and 15- to 30-cm depths. In comparison with fall grazing, spring grazing had greater soil bulk density, greater mechanical resistance within the top 15 cm of the soil profile, higher pH, and lower polysaccharides. This was true for both 20 and 30 yr of treatment. Grazing effects on aggregate stability were observed only after 30 yr with spring grazing leading to a more stable structure with a mean weight diameter (MWD) of 1.5 mm and 32% and 10% of aggregates in the 2- to 6-mm and 1- to 2-mm size fractions, respectively, compared with a MWD of 1.0 mm and 20% and 6% under fall grazing. Greater soil bulk density, mechanical resistance, and pH were observed under the grazed treatment relative to the control without grazing, but as we used a moderate stocking rate the impacts were not as great as in previous studies, which used heavy stocking rates. Our findings show that long-term grazing at a moderate stocking rate of 0.6 AUM ha−1did not have critical detrimental effects on soil properties as some land managers and ranchers have suggested.

Long-term grazing effects on soil-atmosphere exchanges of CO2, CH4 and N2O at different grasslands in Inner Mongolia: A soil core study

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Xunhua Zheng ◽  
Benjamin Wolf ◽  
Zhisheng Yao ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Grazing Effects ◽  
Soil Atmosphere ◽  
Core Study ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

scholarly journals Long-Term Grazing Effects on Genetic Variability in Mountain Rough Fescue

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Bi Fu ◽  
Don Thompson ◽  
Walter Willms ◽  
Mairi Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grazing Effects ◽  
Rough Fescue

COMPARISON OF MODELLED SOIL WATER RESERVES ON CANADIAN PRAIRIE SOILS WITH WATER-HOLDING CAPACITIES OF 280 AND 250 mm

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
R. de JONG ◽  
W. K. SLY
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Aridity Indices ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Dough Stage

Based on soil water modelling results of 19 stations, averaged long-term soil water reserves on the Canadian Prairies were compared for two soils having available water-holding capacities of 280 and 250 mm. The soil water reserves of the 250-mm capacity soil were 6.5%, 8.7% and 6.2% less than those of the 280-mm capacity soil on 1 May after a fallow year, 30 June heading time and 1 May after a crop year, respectively. The aridity indices for wheat at the soft dough stage for the 250-mm capacity soil ranged from 4% less in the drier part of the Prairies to 7–9% more in the wetter regions as compared to the 280-mm capacity soil. Water deficits for a perennial crop grown on a 280-mm capacity soil could not be used to infer the deficits on a 250-mm capacity soil because of the model’s sensitivity to rainfall distribution with time. Key words: Soil water, modelling, available water-holding capacity

Long-Term Heavy-Grazing Effects on Soil and Vegetation in the Four Corners Region

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apollo B. Orodho ◽  
M. J. Trlica ◽  
C. D. Bonham
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Effects ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Four Corners
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