Native Grass and Crested Wheatgrass Production as Influenced by Fertilizer Placement and Weed Control

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Smika ◽  
H. J. Haas ◽  
G. A. Rogler
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass

Production and Competition of Crested Wheatgrass‐Native Grass Mixtures 1

1982 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Schuman ◽  
F. Rauzi ◽  
D. T. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Native Grass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass

scholarly journals Fertilizer Placement and Herbicide Rate Affect Weed Control and Crop Growth in Containers

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Kathy Von Arx
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei ◽  
Common Groundsel

Abstract Three experiments were conducted in Oregon and Mississippi to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement and rate of herbicide application on weed control and crop growth. In Expt. 1, Osmocote 18N–2.6P–10.0K (18–6–12) controlled release fertilizer (CRF) was applied at 12 g (0.4 oz) per container (#1) either topdressed, incorporated, or dibbled (placed under the liner prior to potting); and OH2 (pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen) was applied at 0, 28, 56, or 112 kg/ha (0, 25, 50, or 100 lbs/A). Containers were overseeded with common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris). In Expt. 2, Osmocote 17N–3.0P–10.1K (17–7–12) CRF was applied at 18 g (0.6 oz) per container using the same placement methods as Expt. 1; and Rout (oryzalin + oxyfluorfen) was applied at 0, 28, 56, or 112 kg/ha (0, 25, 50, or 100 lbs/A). A hand-weeded check was also included, and containers were overseeded with prostrate spurge (Chamaesyce prostrata). In Expt. 3, containers were fertilized with either 12 g (0.4 oz) of Apex 20N–4.3P–8.4K (20–10–10) CRF or 14 g (0.5 oz) of Apex 17N–2.2P–9.2K (17–5–11) CRF using similar fertilizer placement methods; and Snapshot 2.5TG (isoxaben + trifluralin) was applied at 0, 84, or 168 kg/ha (0, 75, or 150 lb/A). Containers were overseeded with creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata). Weed control improved with increasing herbicide rate. Across the three experiments, dibbling CRFs with no herbicide resulted in 85 to 97% weed control, while topdressing resulted in 19 to 85% and incorporating resulted in 55 to 88% control. With herbicides, dibbling fertilizer resulted in 89 to 99% weed control while topdressing resulted in 82 to 90% and incorporating 81 to 98%. Dibbling fertilizer resulted in greater shoot growth (growth index) of azalea (Rhododendron ‘Stewartsonian’), holly (Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’), lavender (Lavandula × intermedia ‘Grosso’), and wintercreeper euonymus (Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’). In Expt. 3, incorporating CRFs resulted in higher root ratings than dibbling in lavender and euonymus. Though measurable differences in root and shoot growth were observed in all experiments, differences were economically unimportant.

scholarly journals Micropropagated Raspberry Plant Establishment Responds to Weed Control Practice, Row Cover Use, and Fertilizer Placement

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Trinka ◽  
Marvin P. Pritts
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Row Covers

Micropropagated (MP) raspberries (Rubus idaeus L. var. idaeus) are sensitive to moisture and temperature extremes and to certain preemergent herbicides used at transplanting. We examined fertilizer placement and row covers in conjunction with various weed management strategies to identify beneficial practices for newly planted, MP primocane-fruiting `Heritage' raspberries. Uncontrolled weed growth during plant establishment inhibited raspberry cane growth and production into the second and third growing seasons. Handweeding and herbicide treatments successfully controlled weeds, but soil moisture was apparently insufficient for optimum growth of the MP raspberries when these treatments were imposed, even with normal rainfall in early summer and drip irrigation in late summer. Polyethylene and straw mulches during the establishment year provided both weed control and adequate soil moisture, resulting in more cane growth in the first and 2nd year, and higher yields the 2nd year. Primocane density after the third growing season still was influenced by first-year weed management practices. Raspberry plants responded best to straw mulch without row covers as plant growth was better in both years. Canes were thicker, yields were higher, and a larger portion of the total crop was harvested early. Row covers were beneficial only in bare-soil treatments, and method of fertilizer placement had no effect on any measured variable. Mulching newly transplanted MP raspberries is an alternative to herbicide use that also provides physiological benefits to the plant through microclimate modification.

scholarly journals Site preparation impacts on soil biotic and abiotic properties, weed control, and native grass establishment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique E. Smith ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Matthew J. Christmas ◽  
Leanne M. Pound ◽  
José M. Facelli
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Grass Establishment

scholarly journals Response of Seashore Dropseed and Weed Species to the Preemergence Herbicide Oxadiazon Applied as a Component of a Hydromulch Cap

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Lukas ◽  
Joseph DeFrank ◽  
Orville C. Baldos ◽  
Glenn S. Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Sporobolus Virginicus ◽  
Visual Coverage

In Hawaii, seashore dropseed (Sporobolus virginicus), a coastal native grass, has been identified as a useful species for roadside revegetation. Cuttings of seashore dropseed covered with a hydromulch cap, irrigated, and managed to control weeds have greater establishment success. In this study, the efficacy and phytotoxicity of the preemergence herbicide oxadiazon applied as a component of the hydromulch cap over seashore dropseed cut stems was evaluated. Oxadiazon in two formulations, granule and suspension concentrate (SC), was applied at two rates of 2.0 and 4.0 lb/acre, resulting in four chemical treatments. Seashore dropseed response was recorded as numerical counts of new shoots, aboveground biomass, and percent visual coverage. The highest new shoot counts of seashore dropseed, aboveground biomass, and visual canopy coverage were recorded in plots treated with the granular (G) formulation of oxadiazon applied at 2.0 lb/acre. All hydromulch cap treatments containing herbicides reduced weed pressure compared with the untreated control treatment. Granular oxadiazon at 2.0 lb/acre in the hydromulch cap provided commercially acceptable weed control while maintaining high levels of rooting and plant vigor during the establishment period.

Topsoil removal and carbon addition for weed control and native grass recruitment in a temperate-derived grassland in northern New South Wales

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Brown ◽  
Nick Reid ◽  
Jackie Reid ◽  
Rhiannon Smith ◽  
R. D. B. (Wal) Whalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Weed Cover

Restoring the grassy understorey to temperate woodlands in south-eastern Australia is often disregarded due to a poor understanding of the techniques involved. The natural recruitment of native grasses is uncommon in the remnants of some of these woodlands, so the restoration of the grass layer is often dependent on interventions to overcome restoration barriers. Soil enrichment from agricultural fertilisers favours the invasion of exotic broadleaf weeds and grasses, and is one of the primary barriers to the successful recruitment and establishment of native grasses, which dominated before agricultural development. This study on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales investigated the effects of different weed control treatments – scalping, glyphosate (Roundup®) herbicide, and combinations of glyphosate with carbon (sugar and sawdust) addition and a control (nil treatment) recruitment of native grasses and weed emergence after broadcast seeding. The experimental site was a mown grass lawn consisting of fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir). Native grass recruitment varied significantly between treatments. The maximum number of recruits in scalped plots was 29 recruits m–2 compared with an average of <2 recruits m–2 for the glyphosate and glyphosate carbon combinations. Scalping reduced soil nitrogen from 0.6% in non-scalped plots to 0.1% and phosphorus from 191.6 ppm to 40.3 ppm. Maximum weed cover occurred in the glyphosate herbicide treatment (45%), whereas combinations of glyphosate plus either sugar or sawdust maintained weed cover at 13%. The present study suggests that scalping may be a successful intervention strategy because it has the potential to significantly improve native grass recruitment compared with other restoration methods used in this study. Scalping allows more time for native grasses to germinate and establish in the absence of competitive fast-growing exotic weeds.

Etiolated Growth of Range Grasses for an Indication of Tolerance to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Young ◽  
R. A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Atrazine Treatment ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Sitanion Hystrix ◽  
Range Grasses

Our purpose was to investigate the influence of growth reserves of perennial range grasses on their tolerance to applications of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine]. Competing annual grasses were removed with atrazine treatment at 1.1 kg/ha. The carbohydrate reserves of the perennial grasses were reduced by mowing the previous season. Crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum(Fisch. ex Link) Schult.] plants with reduced carbohydrate reserves, as indicated by reduced etiolated growth, were less tolerant to atrazine than their nonmowed counterparts. Without reduced carbohydrate reserves, squirreltail [Sitanion hystrix(Nutt.) J. G. Smith] was much more susceptible to atrazine than crested wheatgrass. Thus, the weed control treatment did not necessarily increase the density of desirable perennial grasses.

scholarly journals Effect of Glyphosate on Introduced and Native Grasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Donald R. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Fall Application

The effect of glyphosate applied alone and with 2,4-D as a commercial mixture on 30 native or introduced grass species was evaluated. Grass yield averaged 98 and 87% of the untreated controls when glyphosate was applied in the fall at 0.2 or 0.4 kg ae ha-1, respectively, alone or with 2,4-D at 0.35 or 0.7 kg ae ha-1. Western wheatgrass production decreased more than any other species present in a native rangeland site following either a spring or fall glyphosate application. In seeded plots, intermediate wheatgrass was the most and ‘Fairway’ crested wheatgrass the least susceptible to glyphosate plus 2,4-D with average yields of 57 and 97% compared with untreated controls of each species, respectively. Glyphosate reduced the yield of ‘Nordan’ standard crested wheatgrass more than that of Fairway crested wheatgrass or other diploid cultivars. The greater the spring precipitation following a fall application of glyphosate, the less effect of glyphosate on forage yield. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D can be used for weed control in pasture and rangeland provided some yield reduction is acceptable.

Influence of Crested Wheatgrass on Soil Water Repellency in Comparison to Native Grass Mix and Annual Spring Wheat Cropping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim J. Miller ◽  
Mallory Owen ◽  
Ben Ellert ◽  
X.M. Yang ◽  
Craig F. Drury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass

Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) is a common introduced grass in the Canadian prairies, but concerns remain about its possible long-term effects on soil quality, and its influence on soil water repellency (SWR) has not been determined. The long-term (24 yr) effects of crested wheatgrass on soil water repellency (SWR) in comparison to seeded native grasses and annual cropping were determined for a clay loam soil in southern Alberta, Canada by measuring SOC concentration and SWR using soil hydrophobicity (SH) and soil water repellency index (RI) methods. The cropping treatments were crested wheat grass, seeded native grass mix, continuous wheat, and wheat-fallow rotation, each with fertilized (nitrogen) and non-fertilized sub-plots, replicated four times. Mean SOC concentration, SH, and RI in samples of surface soil were similar (P > 0.05) for crested wheatgrass and seeded native grass mix; and did not support our hypothesis (seeded native grass mix>crested wheatgrass). Mean SOC was significantly greater for seeded perennial grasses than annual crops by 1.7 to 2 times and SH by 2.1-2.5 times, which supported our hypothesis, but RI was similar among treatments. As expected, nitrogen fertilization significantly increased SOC concentrations, but the effects on SH and RI were undetectable. A strong positive correlation occurred between SOC concentration and SH (r=0.92), but not for RI (r=0.10). Our findings suggested that SWR was similar for crested wheatgrasses and seeded native grass mix. The SWR as measured using SH was greater for seeded perennial grasses than annual cropping, but was similar using RI.

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