Brown Bear Mortality in Central Italy from 1970 to 1984

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Boscagli
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Brown Bear

scholarly journals Survival and divergence in a small group: The extraordinary genomic history of the endangered Apennine brown bear stragglers

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (45) ◽  
pp. E9589-E9597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Benazzo ◽  
Emiliano Trucchi ◽  
James A. Cahill ◽  
Pierpaolo Maisano Delser ◽  
Stefano Mona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Random Drift

About 100 km east of Rome, in the central Apennine Mountains, a critically endangered population of ∼50 brown bears live in complete isolation. Mating outside this population is prevented by several 100 km of bear-free territories. We exploited this natural experiment to better understand the gene and genomic consequences of surviving at extremely small population size. We found that brown bear populations in Europe lost connectivity since Neolithic times, when farming communities expanded and forest burning was used for land clearance. In central Italy, this resulted in a 40-fold population decline. The overall genomic impact of this decline included the complete loss of variation in the mitochondrial genome and along long stretches of the nuclear genome. Several private and deleterious amino acid changes were fixed by random drift; predicted effects include energy deficit, muscle weakness, anomalies in cranial and skeletal development, and reduced aggressiveness. Despite this extreme loss of diversity, Apennine bear genomes show nonrandom peaks of high variation, possibly maintained by balancing selection, at genomic regions significantly enriched for genes associated with immune and olfactory systems. Challenging the paradigm of increased extinction risk in small populations, we suggest that random fixation of deleterious alleles (i) can be an important driver of divergence in isolation, (ii) can be tolerated when balancing selection prevents random loss of variation at important genes, and (iii) is followed by or results directly in favorable behavioral changes.

scholarly journals Cost of Coexisting with a Relict Large Carnivore Population: Impact of Apennine Brown Bears, 2005–2015

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1453
Author(s):  
Andrea Galluzzi ◽  
Valerio Donfrancesco ◽  
Gianluca Mastrantonio ◽  
Cinzia Sulli ◽  
Paolo Ciucci
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mitigation Policy ◽  
Population Impact ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Apennine Brown Bear ◽  
Conflict Mitigation

Human-carnivore conflicts are a major conservation issue. As bears are expanding their range in Europe’s human-modified landscapes, it is increasingly important to understand, prevent, and address human-bear conflicts and evaluate mitigation strategies in areas of historical coexistence. Based on verified claims, we assessed costs, patterns, and drivers of bear damages in the relict Apennine brown bear population in the Abruzzo Lazio and Molise National Park (PNALM), central Italy. During 2005–2015, 203 ± 71 (SD) damage events were verified annually, equivalent to 75,987 ± 30,038 €/year paid for compensation. Most damages occurred in summer and fall, with livestock depredation, especially sheep and cattle calves, prevailing over other types of damages, with apiaries ranking second in costs of compensation. Transhumant livestock owners were less impacted than residential ones, and farms that adopted prevention measures loaned from the PNALM were less susceptible to bear damages. Livestock farms chronically damaged by bears represented 8 ± 3% of those annually impacted, corresponding to 24 ± 6% of compensation costs. Further improvements in the conflict mitigation policy adopted by the PNALM include integrated prevention, conditional compensation, and participatory processes. We discuss the implications of our study for Human-bear coexistence in broader contexts.

Modelling herbicide treatment impact on groundwater quality in a central Italy area

Agronomie ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Daniela Businelli ◽  
Enrico Tombesi ◽  
Marco Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

The network contract in the agrifood industry: An exploratory study on collaborative drivers in central Italy

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-358
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Compagnucci ◽  
Alessio Cavicchi ◽  
Francesca Spigarelli
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Central Italy

A numerical model to verify the communication between Gari and Peccia springs (Cassino, Central Italy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Michele Saroli ◽  
Michele Lancia ◽  
Marco Petitta ◽  
Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Central Italy

A seamless database for a digital geological map of central Italy: the case of Emilia-Romagna, Marche, Tuscany and Umbria regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Altair Pirro ◽  
Paolo Conti ◽  
Gianluca Cornamusini ◽  
Luigi Carmignani ◽  
Giulia Verdiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Geological Map
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