Oxalic Acid, a Pathogenicity Factor for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Suppresses the Oxidative Burst of the Host Plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Cessna ◽  
Valerie E. Sears ◽  
Martin B. Dickman ◽  
Philip S. Low
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Pathogenicity Factor

scholarly journals Oxalic Acid, a Pathogenicity Factor for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Suppresses the Oxidative Burst of the Host Plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2191-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Cessna ◽  
Valerie E. Sears ◽  
Martin B. Dickman ◽  
Philip S. Low
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Pathogenicity Factor

scholarly journals Oxalic Acid Has an Additional, Detoxifying Function in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Pathogenesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e72292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annerose Heller ◽  
Tanja Witt-Geiges
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

scholarly journals Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KK-1 isolate from Belarus: pathogenicity factors and glyphosate sensitivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Alena V. Kulik ◽  
Margarita A. Shukshina ◽  
Anatoliy N. Evtushenkov
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Pathogenicity Factors ◽  
Polygalacturonase Activity

In the presence work, mycelial growth, sclerotia formation, polygalacturonase, a-amylase and cellulase activities of a Belarusian fungal isolate Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KK-1 collected from infected сarrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) were analyzed. It was established that polygalacturonase was induced by pectin and subject to catabolite repression by glucose. The ability of the isolate to produce oxalic acid, an important factor of pathogenesis, was observed throughout fungus incubation on PDA medium amended with bromophenol blue. Glyphosate (commercial counterpart «Tornado») starting from its level in the medium of 200 mg/L caused a significant inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotia formation. It was observed that a-amylase and cellulase activities were inhibited by glyphosate unlike polygalacturonase activity.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling of Diffusible Lipopeptides and Fungal Virulence Genes During Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EZ1509-Mediated Suppression of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz Farzand ◽  
Anam Moosa ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Abdur Rashid Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ayaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic pathogen that infects multiple crops, and its control is an unremitting challenge. In this work, we attempted to gain insights into the pivotal role of lipopeptides (LPs) in the antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EZ1509. In a comparative study involving five Bacillus strains, B. amyloliquefaciens EZ1509 harboring four LPs biosynthetic genes (viz. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, and bacilysin) exhibited promising antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum in a dual-culture assay. Our data demonstrated a remarkable upsurge in LPs biosynthetic gene expression through quantitative reverse transcription PCR during in vitro interaction assay with S. sclerotiorum. Maximum upregulation in LPs biosynthetic genes was observed on the second and third days of in vitro interaction, with iturin and fengycin being the highly expressed genes. Subsequently, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of LPs in the inhibition zone. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed disintegration, shrinkage, plasmolysis, and breakdown of fungal hyphae. During in planta evaluation, S. sclerotiorum previously challenged with EZ1509 showed significant suppression in pathogenicity on detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed. The oxalic acid synthesis was also significantly reduced in S. sclerotiorum previously confronted with antagonistic bacterium. The expression of major virulence genes of S. sclerotiorum, including endopolygalacturonase-3, oxalic acid hydrolase, and endopolygalacturonase-6, was significantly downregulated during in vitro confrontation with EZ1509.

scholarly journals Peroxysomal Carnitine Acetyl Transferase Influences Host Colonization Capacity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liberti ◽  
J. A. Rollins ◽  
K. F. Dobinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Host Colonization ◽  
Carnitine Acetyl Transferase

In lower eukaryotes, the glyoxylate cycle allows cells to utilize two-carbon compounds when simple sugars are not available. In filamentous fungi, glyoxylate metabolism is coupled with β-oxidation of fatty acids, and both are localized to ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles called peroxisomes. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) produced during β-oxidation is transported via the cytosol into mitochondria for further metabolism. A peroxisomal-specific pathway for acetyl-CoA transport requiring peroxisomal carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) activity has been identified in Magnaporthe grisea peroxisomes. Here, we report that a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ortholog of the M. grisea peroxisomal CAT-encoding gene Pth2 (herein designated Ss-pth2) is required for virulence-associated host colonization. Null (ss-pth2) mutants, obtained by in vitro transposon mutagenesis, failed to utilize fatty acids, acetate, or glycerol as sole carbon sources for growth. Gene expression analysis of these mutants showed altered levels of transcript accumulation for glyoxylate cycle enzymes. Ss-pth2 disruption also affected sclerotial, apothecial, and appressorial development and morphology, as well as oxalic acid accumulation when cultured with acetate or oleic acid as sole carbon nutrient sources. Although mutants were able to penetrate and initially colonize host tissue, subsequent colonization was impaired. Genetic complementation with the wild-type Ss-pth2 restored wild-type virulence phenotypes. These findings suggest an essential role in S. sclerotiorum for the peroxisomal metabolic pathways for oxalic acid synthesis and host colonization.

scholarly journals Resistance of cotton genotypes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the straw and oxalic acid tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284
Author(s):  
Leandro Henrique Mundim Aguiar ◽  
Larissa Barbosa de Sousa ◽  
Lísias Coelho ◽  
Ernane Miranda Lemes ◽  
Leonardo Humberto Silva e Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
White Fiber

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the straw and oxalic acid tests to identify resistance levels of white and colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Ten genotypes were evaluated: five with colored fiber, four with white fiber, and a white-fiber susceptible genotype. The genotypes MAB-1 with white fiber and MAC-2 with colored fiber were the most resistant to white mold, according to the immersion in oxalic acid and straw tests, respectively. These genotypes can be recommended as resistance sources for breeding programs. Both assessed tests are complementary to each other; however, the straw test is more efficient in evaluating the resistance of cotton genotypes to white mold.

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