Photosynthetic Electron Transport Regulates the Expression of Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Genes in Arabidopsis during Excess Light Stress

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Karpinski ◽  
Carolina Escobar ◽  
Barbara Karpinska ◽  
Gary Creissen ◽  
Philip M. Mullineaux
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Excess Light

Responses of the photosynthetic electron transport system to excess light energy caused by water deficit in wild watermelon

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Sanda ◽  
Kazuo Yoshida ◽  
Masayoshi Kuwano ◽  
Tadayuki Kawamura ◽  
Yuri Nakajima Munekage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Electron Transport System ◽  
Excess Light

scholarly journals Photosynthetic signalling during high light stress and recovery: targets and dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1801) ◽  
pp. 20190406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Gollan ◽  
Eva-Mari Aro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
High Light ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
High Light Stress ◽  
Retrograde Signalling

The photosynthetic apparatus is one of the major primary sensors of the plant's external environment. Changes in environmental conditions affect the balance between harvested light energy and the capacity to deal with excited electrons in the stroma, which alters the redox homeostasis of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Disturbances to redox balance activate photosynthetic regulation mechanisms and trigger signalling cascades that can modify the transcription of nuclear genes. H 2 O 2 and oxylipins have been identified as especially prominent regulators of gene expression in response to excess light stress. This paper explores the hypothesis that photosynthetic imbalance triggers specific signals that target discrete gene profiles and biological processes. Analysis of the major retrograde signalling pathways engaged during high light stress and recovery demonstrates both specificity and overlap in gene targets. This work reveals distinct, time-resolved profiles of gene expression that suggest a regulatory interaction between rapidly activated abiotic stress response and induction of secondary metabolism and detoxification processes during recovery. The findings of this study show that photosynthetic electron transport provides a finely tuned sensor for detecting and responding to the environment through chloroplast retrograde signalling. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’

scholarly journals The Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Maintains the Photosynthetic Electron Flow in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves under High-Light Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoya Yamada ◽  
Hiroshi Ozaki ◽  
Ko Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
High Light ◽  
Complex Iii

Abstract The plant respiratory chain includes the ATP-coupling cytochrome pathway (CP) and ATP-uncoupling alternative oxidase (AOX). Under high-light (HL) conditions, plants experience photoinhibition, leading to a damaged photosystem II (PSII). The respiratory chain is considered to affect PSII maintenance and photosynthetic electron transport under HL conditions. However, the underlying details remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the respiratory chain functions related to PSII maintenance and photosynthetic electron transport in plants exposed to HL stress. We measured the HL-induced decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII in the leaves of wild-type and AOX1a-knockout (aox1a) Arabidopsis thaliana plants in which CP was partially inhibited by a complex-III inhibitor. We also calculated PSII photodamage and repair rate constants. Both rate constants changed when CP was partially inhibited in aox1a plants, suggesting that the respiratory chain is related to both processes. Before HL stress, photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) decreased when CP was partially inhibited. After HL stress, aox1a in the presence of the CP inhibitor showed significantly decreased rates of LEF. The electron flow downstream from PSII and on the donor side of photosystem I may have been suppressed. The function of respiratory chain is required to maintain the optimal LEF as well as PSII maintenance especially under the HL stress.

scholarly journals Alterations in leaf photosynthetic electron transport in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) under different light intensity and soil water conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Kun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
High Light ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Ojip Transient ◽  
Strong Light

Abstract Background: Welsh onions are often affected by stressful environments, such as high light and drought, during summer cultivation, which hinders their growth. To date, few studies have focused on leaf photosynthesis of Welsh onions during summer. We used carbon dioxide assimilation and OJIP transient and MR curves to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of Welsh onions. Results: The results showed that strong light and drought could lead to a decrease in leaf pigment content. Simple high light stress caused a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate through stomatal limitation, while the simple drought treatment and the two stress factors combined caused a nonstomatal limitation. PSII energy distribution indicated that strong light and drought stress reduced the photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII. OJIP curve analysis showed that FO and FJ were increased, Fm was decreased, and a distinct K-phase was induced. In addition, OJIP parameters, including RC/CSO, TRO/ABS, ETO/TRO, and PIABS, were significantly reduced. MR analysis showed that strong light and drought stress blocked MR transients, leading to a gradual decrease in VPSI and VPSII-PSI. Conclusions: In general, the photosynthesis of Welsh onion was inhibited by high light and drought, which destroyed the receptor and donor side of PSII and reduced the electron transport capacity of PSII and PSI.

scholarly journals Interaction between photosynthetic electron transport and chloroplast sinks triggers protection and signalling important for plant productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1730) ◽  
pp. 20160390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Gollan ◽  
Yugo Lima-Melo ◽  
Arjun Tiwari ◽  
Mikko Tikkanen ◽  
Eva-Mari Aro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
High Light ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Nuclear Gene Expression ◽  
Photosynthetic Regulation

The photosynthetic light reactions provide energy that is consumed and stored in electron sinks, the products of photosynthesis. A balance between light reactions and electron consumption in the chloroplast is vital for plants, and is protected by several photosynthetic regulation mechanisms. Photosystem I (PSI) is particularly susceptible to photoinhibition when these factors become unbalanced, which can occur in low temperatures or in high light. In this study we used the pgr5 Arabidopsis mutant that lacks ΔpH-dependent regulation of photosynthetic electron transport as a model to study the consequences of PSI photoinhibition under high light. We found that PSI damage severely inhibits carbon fixation and starch accumulation, and attenuates enzymatic oxylipin synthesis and chloroplast regulation of nuclear gene expression after high light stress. This work shows that modifications to regulation of photosynthetic light reactions, which may be designed to improve yield in crop plants, can negatively impact metabolism and signalling, and thereby threaten plant growth and stress tolerance. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.

Superoxide-and Ethane-Formation in Subchloroplast Particles: Catalysis by Pyridinium Derivatives

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Elstner ◽  
H. P. Fischer ◽  
W. Osswald ◽  
G. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Pyridinium Bromide ◽  
Superoxide Formation ◽  
Fatty Acid Peroxidation ◽  
Chlorophyll Bleaching ◽  
Ethane Formation

Abstract Oxygen reduction by chloroplast lamellae is catalyzed by low potential redox dyes with E′0 values between -0 .3 8 V and -0 .6 V. Compounds of E′0 values of -0 .6 7 V and lower are inactive. In subchloroplast particles with an active photosystem I but devoid of photosynthetic electron transport between the two photosystems, the active redox compounds enhance chlorophyll bleaching, superoxide formation and ethane production independent on exogenous substrates or electron donors. The activities of these compounds decrease with decreasing redox potential, with one exception: 1-methyl-4,4′-bipyridini urn bromide with an E′0 value of lower -1 V (and thus no electron acceptor of photosystem I in chloroplast lamellae with intact electron transport) stimulates light dependent superoxide formation and unsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in sub­ chloroplast particles, maximal rates appearing after almost complete chlorophyll bleaching. Since this activity is not visible with compounds with redox potentials below -0 .6 V lacking the nitrogen atom at the 1-position of the pyridinium substituent, we assume that 1 -methyl-4,4′-bi-pyridinium bromide is “activated” by a yet unknown light reaction.

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