Interaction Analyses of Genes Required for Resistance Responses to Powdery Mildew in Barley Reveal Distinct Pathways Leading to Leaf Cell Death

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Peterhansel ◽  
Andreas Freialdenhoven ◽  
Joachim Kurth ◽  
Regina Kolsch ◽  
Paul Schulze-Lefert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Cell

scholarly journals Interaction Analyses of Genes Required for Resistance Responses to Powdery Mildew in Barley Reveal Distinct Pathways Leading to Leaf Cell Death.

1997 ◽  
pp. 1397-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peterhansel ◽  
A. Freialdenhoven ◽  
J. Kurth ◽  
R. Kolsch ◽  
P. Schulze-Lefert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Cell

scholarly journals BAX INHIBITOR-1 Is Required for Full Susceptibility of Barley to Powdery Mildew

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Eichmann ◽  
Melanie Bischof ◽  
Corina Weis ◽  
Jane Shaw ◽  
Christophe Lacomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

BAX INHIBITOR-1 (BI-1) is one of the few proteins known to have cross-kingdom conserved functions in negative control of programmed cell death. Additionally, barley BI-1 (HvBI-1) suppresses defense responses and basal resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei and enhances resistance to cell death–provoking fungi when overexpressed in barley. Downregulation of HvBI-1 by transient-induced gene silencing or virus-induced gene silencing limited susceptibility to B. graminis f. sp. hordei, suggesting that HvBI-1 is a susceptibility factor toward powdery mildew. Transient silencing of BI-1 did not limit supersusceptibility induced by overexpression of MLO. Transgenic barley plants harboring an HvBI-1 RNA interference (RNAi) construct displayed lower levels of HvBI-1 transcripts and were less susceptible to powdery mildew than wild-type plants. At the cellular level, HvBI-1 RNAi plants had enhanced resistance to penetration by B. graminis f. sp. hordei. These data support a function of BI-1 in modulating cell-wall-associated defense and in establishing full compatibility of B. graminis f. sp. hordei with barley.

scholarly journals Phenotypes Conferred by Wheat Multiple Pathogen Resistance Locus, Sr2, Include Cell Death in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1759
Author(s):  
Linda Tabe ◽  
Sharon Samuel ◽  
Matthew Dunn ◽  
Rosemary White ◽  
Rohit Mago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Photosynthetic Cells

The wheat Sr2 locus confers partial resistance to four biotrophic pathogens: wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), leaf rust (P. triticina), stripe rust (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici), and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). In addition, Sr2 is linked with a brown coloration of ears and stems, termed pseudo-black chaff (PBC). PBC, initially believed to be elicited by stem rust infection, was subsequently recognized to occur in the absence of pathogen infection. The current study demonstrates that the resistance response to stem rust is associated with the death of photosynthetic cells around rust infection sites in the inoculated leaf sheath. Similarly, Sr2-dependent resistance to powdery mildew was associated with the death of leaf mesophyll cells around mildew infection sites. We demonstrate that PBC occurring in the absence of pathogen inoculation also corresponds with death and the collapse of photosynthetic cells in the affected parts of stems and ears. In addition, Sr2-dependent necrosis was inducible in leaves by application of petroleum jelly or by heat treatments. Thus, Sr2 was found to be associated with cell death, which could be triggered by either biotic or abiotic stresses. Our results suggest a role for the Sr2 locus in controlling cell death in response to stress.

scholarly journals Purple top symptoms are associated with reduction of leaf cell death in phytoplasma-infected plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misako Himeno ◽  
Yugo Kitazawa ◽  
Tetsuya Yoshida ◽  
Kensaku Maejima ◽  
Yasuyuki Yamaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Leaf Cell

scholarly journals A Compromised Mlo Pathway Affects the Response of Barley to the Necrotrophic Fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (Teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus) and Its Toxins

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Kumar ◽  
Ralph Hückelhoven ◽  
Ulrich Beckhove ◽  
Subrahmaniam Nagarajan ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kogel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Resistance Traits

In search of new durable disease resistance traits in barley to control leaf spot blotch disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus), we developed macroscopic and microscopic scales to judge spot blotch disease development on barley. Infection of barley was associated with cell wall penetration and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. The latter appeared to take place in cell wall swellings under fungal penetration attempts as well as during cell death provoked by the necrotrophic pathogen. Additionally, we tested the influence of a compromised Mlo pathway that confers broad resistance against powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). Powdery mildew-resistant genotypes with mutations at the Mlo locus (mlo genotypes) showed a higher sensitivity to infiltration of toxic culture filtrate of Bipolaris sorokiniana as compared with wild-type barley. Mutants defective in Ror, a gene required for mlo-specified powdery mildew resistance, were also more sensitive to Bipolaris sorokiniana toxins than wild-type barley but showed less symptoms than mlo5 parents. Fungal culture filtrates induced an H2O2 burst in all mutants, whereas wild-type (Mlo) barley was less sensitive. The results support the hypothesis that the barley Mlo gene product functions as a suppresser of cell death. Therefore, a compromised Mlo pathway is effective for control of biotrophic powdery mildew fungus but not for necrotrophic Bipolaris sorokiniana. We discuss the problem of finding resistance traits that are effective against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens with emphasis on the role of the anti-oxidative system of plant cells.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species are involved in cell death in wheat roots against powdery mildew

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1961-1970
Author(s):  
Cheng-yang LI ◽  
Nan ZHANG ◽  
Bin GUAN ◽  
Zhu-qing ZHOU ◽  
Fang-zhu MEI
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wheat Roots

Cell death in wheat roots induced by the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici

2009 ◽  
Vol 328 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yi Deng ◽  
Ji-Wei Li ◽  
Zhu-Qing Zhou ◽  
Hai-Yan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Wheat Roots
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