Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
And Function

Structure and function studies of plant cell wall polysaccharides

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Albersheim ◽  
Jinhua An ◽  
Glenn Freshour ◽  
Melvin S. Fuller ◽  
Rafael Guillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenning Rune Møller ◽  
Xueying Yi ◽  
Silvia Melina Velásquez ◽  
Sascha Gille ◽  
Pernille Louise Munke Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Carbohydrate Polymers ◽  
And Function

Abstract Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1–5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf 4 which is exclusively found in extensins. T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its’ product, Hyp-Araf 4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae.

Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. DARVILL ◽  
P. ALBERSHEIM ◽  
M. McNEIL ◽  
J. M. LAU ◽  
W. S. YORK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology: A Valuable Tool for Understanding Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Allan M. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Gene Targeting ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Genetic Crossing ◽  
And Function

For the past 5 years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology has appeared in the molecular biology research spotlight. As a game-changing player in genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized animal research, including medical research and human gene therapy as well as plant science research, particularly for crop improvement. One of the most common applications of CRISPR/Cas9 is to generate genetic knock-out mutants. Recently, several multiplex genome editing approaches utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 were developed and applied in various aspects of plant research. Here we summarize these approaches as they relate to plants, particularly with respect to understanding the biosynthesis and function of the plant cell wall. The plant cell wall is a polysaccharide-rich cell structure that is vital to plant cell formation, growth, and development. Humans are heavily dependent on the byproducts of the plant cell wall such as shelter, food, clothes, and fuel. Genes involved in the assembly of the plant cell wall are often highly redundant. To identify these redundant genes, higher-order knock-out mutants need to be generated, which is conventionally done by genetic crossing. Compared with genetic crossing, CRISPR/Cas9 multi-gene targeting can greatly shorten the process of higher-order mutant generation and screening, which is especially useful to characterize cell wall related genes in plant species that require longer growth time. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 makes it possible to knock out genes when null T-DNA mutants are not available or are genetically linked. Because of these advantages, CRISPR/Cas9 is becoming an ideal and indispensable tool to perform functional studies in plant cell wall research. In this review, we provide perspectives on how to design CRISPR/Cas9 to achieve efficient gene editing and multi-gene targeting in plants. We also discuss the recent development of the virus-based CRISPR/Cas9 system and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to knock in genes. Lastly, we summarized current progress on using CRISPR/Cas9 for the characterization of plant cell wall-related genes.

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