Effect of Hibernation and Reproductive Status on Body Mass and Condition of Coastal Brown Bears

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant V. Hilderbrand ◽  
Charles C. Schwartz ◽  
Charles T. Robbins ◽  
Thomas A. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Brown Bears

scholarly journals Effects of Sex, Age, Body Mass, and Capturing Method on Hematologic Values of Brown Bears in Croatia

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josip Kusak ◽  
Renata Barić Rafaj ◽  
Zdravko Žvorc ◽  
Djuro Huber ◽  
Jadranka Foršek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Brown Bears

The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G V Hilderbrand ◽  
C C Schwartz ◽  
C T Robbins ◽  
M E Jacoby ◽  
T A Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
North American ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Female Body Mass

We hypothesized that the relative availability of meat, indicated by contribution to the diet, would be positively related to body size and population productivity of North American brown, or grizzly, bears (Ursus arctos). Dietary contributions of plant matter and meat derived from both terrestrial and marine sources were quantified by stable-isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of hair samples from 13 brown bear populations. Estimates of adult female body mass, mean litter size, and population density were obtained from two field studies of ours and from other published reports. The populations ranged from largely vegetarian to largely carnivorous, and food resources ranged from mostly terrestrial to mostly marine (salmon, Oncorhynchus spp.). The proportion of meat in the diet was significantly correlated with mean adult female body mass (r = 0.87, P < 0.01), mean litter size (r = 0.72, P < 0.01), and mean population density (r = 0.91, P < 0.01). Salmon was the most important source of meat for the largest, most carnivorous bears and most productive populations. We conclude that availability of meat, particularly salmon, greatly influences habitat quality for brown bears at both the individual level and the population level.

Effect of seasonal differences in dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
G V Hilderbrand ◽  
S G Jenkins ◽  
C C Schwartz ◽  
T A Hanley ◽  
C T Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Time Required

The influence of seasonal dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) was investigated because the importance and availability of meat to brown bear populations is currently an important management consideration in several North American ecosystems. Adult female brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, utilized meat heavily in both spring and fall. Meat accounted for 76.2 ± 26.0% (mean ± 1 SD; primarily moose carrion and calves) of assimilated carbon and nitrogen in the spring and 80.4 ± 22.2% (primarily salmon) in the fall. Mass increases in the spring (71.8 ± 28.2%) were mostly lean body mass, but increases in the fall (81.0 ± 19.5%) were primarily fat. Daily intake by captive brown bears fed meat ad libitum during 12-day trials was positively related to body mass. Mass change was positively related to intake in both seasons, but the composition of the gain varied by season, with spring gains primarily lean body mass (64.2 ± 9.4%), while fall gains were 78.8 ± 19.6% lipid. Absolute rates of gain by wild bears occasionally equaled, but were usually much less than, those of captive bears. This was likely due to a combination of factors, which included the time required to locate and handle meat resources, the limited availability of or access to meat resources, and (or) the duration of meat resource availability. Estimated intake by bears not feeding selectively on high-energy components of moose and salmon were 8.5 ± 1.5 kg/day and 541 ± 156 kg/year and 10.8 ± 4.6 kg/day and 1003 ± 489 kg/year, respectively. Intake would drop by as much as 58% for bears feeding exclusively on salmon roe. Management strategies for areas with brown bears that consume significant amounts of meat should address the perpetuation and availability of these meat resources.

Differences in the relation between bone mineral content and lean body mass according to gender and reproductive status by age ranges

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-758
Author(s):  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Patricia Clark ◽  
Ricardo Francisco Capozza ◽  
Laura Marcela Nocciolino ◽  
Jose Luis Ferretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Reproductive Status

scholarly journals Morphometrics and processing yield of Cucumaria frondosa (Holothuroidea) from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245238
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Couillard ◽  
Domynick Maltais ◽  
Rénald Belley
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa have highly variable whole body mass and length, and are usually sold to Asian markets as dried gutted body wall. Understanding the relation between size and yield of dry product is essential for resource conservation and for economic purposes. In this study, stock-specific mass and length recovery rates were estimated for C. frondosa captured by dredging or diving at various depths and seasons on the South shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary, along Gaspé Peninsula, and processed in a commercial plant. The processing yield in dry product mass per sea cucumber was more than 1.5 times larger for sea cucumbers collected at 26–47 m depth compared to those collected at 9–16 m depth. Within each strata, there was little variation in the processed body mass, seasonally or spatially. Recovery rates based on gutted mass for this stock (13.4─14.5%) varied little among depths and seasons, despite observed seasonal and bathymetric variation in reproductive status. In contrast, recovery rates based on whole body mass and length were highly variable both seasonally and spatially. Stress related to dredging or post-capture handling induced important variable body contraction and water content, leading to variation in body length, mass and shape of sea cucumbers having the same processed body mass. Gutted mass was the best metric to predict processed body mass and to estimate size whereas whole body length was the least reliable. New stock-specific information on variability of body mass, length, and recovery rates induced by capture, and on seasonal and bathymetric variation in reproductive status and processing yields will be used for the design of future stock assessment surveys, and for stock conservation.

scholarly journals Determinants of lifetime reproduction in female brown bears: early body mass, longevity, and hunting regulations

Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Zedrosser ◽  
Fanie Pelletier ◽  
Richard Bischof ◽  
Marco Festa-Bianchet ◽  
Jon E. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Hunting Regulations
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